Engine Components and Operation
Engine Components and Operation
Engine Components and Operation
• Function - Converts
potential chemical energy
in fuel into heat energy
then to mechanical energy
to perform useful work.
Chemical
Heat
Mechanical
Requirements for
I.C. Engine Operation
• All Internal combustion engines
must carry out five events:
– Air-fuel mixture must be
brought into the combustion
chamber.
– Mixture must be compressed.
– Mixture must be ignited.
– Burning mixture must expand
into increasing combustion
chamber volume.
– Exhaust gasses must be
removed.
Historical Development
of the I.C. Engine
• 1862 -- Rochas described the basic principles
essential for efficient engine operation.
• 1878 – Otto built the first successful 4-stroke cycle
engine.
• 1891 – Day built an improved 2-stroke cycle engine.
• 1892 – Diesel patented the compression-ignition
(diesel) engine.
• To present – emphasis on improved engine
efficiency, through refinement.
Engine Components
and Functions
Engine Components
and Functions
Name that Engine Part
1 7
2
3 8
4 9
10
5
11
6 12
13
14
15
Name that Engine Part
Valve cover Rocker arm
Valve spring
Valve Push rod
Base circle
Cam Profile
Valves
• Each cylinder will have:
– Intake valve
– Exhaust valve
• Valve nomenclature
– Head
– Margin
– Face
– Tulip
– Stem
Piston and Rings
• Piston
– Forms the “moveable
bottom’ of the
combustion chamber.
• Iron alloy or aluminum
• Rings
– Compression
– Oil-control
• Cast iron
• Piston pin
Know Your Piston!
Connecting rod
• Connects the piston to
the crankshaft
• Converts reciprocating
piston motion to rotary
motion at the
crankshaft.
• Nomenclature
• Drop-forged steel
Crankshaft