The document summarizes the branches of the external carotid artery. It notes that the superior thyroid artery curves downward to supply the thyroid gland and is accompanied by the external laryngeal nerve. It also describes branches like the lingual artery which supplies the tongue, and the facial artery which has cervical and facial parts and gives off branches like the tonsillar artery. Finally, it provides an overview of the maxillary artery including its three portions and branches in each portion that follow branches of the trigeminal nerve.
The document summarizes the branches of the external carotid artery. It notes that the superior thyroid artery curves downward to supply the thyroid gland and is accompanied by the external laryngeal nerve. It also describes branches like the lingual artery which supplies the tongue, and the facial artery which has cervical and facial parts and gives off branches like the tonsillar artery. Finally, it provides an overview of the maxillary artery including its three portions and branches in each portion that follow branches of the trigeminal nerve.
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11 - Head & Neck (Blood Vessels) (FF) - Part 2.pptx
The document summarizes the branches of the external carotid artery. It notes that the superior thyroid artery curves downward to supply the thyroid gland and is accompanied by the external laryngeal nerve. It also describes branches like the lingual artery which supplies the tongue, and the facial artery which has cervical and facial parts and gives off branches like the tonsillar artery. Finally, it provides an overview of the maxillary artery including its three portions and branches in each portion that follow branches of the trigeminal nerve.
The document summarizes the branches of the external carotid artery. It notes that the superior thyroid artery curves downward to supply the thyroid gland and is accompanied by the external laryngeal nerve. It also describes branches like the lingual artery which supplies the tongue, and the facial artery which has cervical and facial parts and gives off branches like the tonsillar artery. Finally, it provides an overview of the maxillary artery including its three portions and branches in each portion that follow branches of the trigeminal nerve.
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Branches of External Carotid Artery
Superior Thyroid Artery
Curves downward to the upper pole of thyroid gland. Accompanied by External Laryngeal Nerve which supplies the cricothyroid muscle. Anastomosis with inferior thyroid artery of thyrocervical trunk. Ascending Pharyngeal Artery Ascends along and supplies pharyngeal wall. Lingual Artery Arises from the external carotid artery opposite the tip of the greater cornua of the hyoid bone. Loops upward and forward Supplies the tongue Crossed superficially by hypoglossal canal Branches of External Carotid Artery Facial Artery Loops upward on lateral surface of pharynx close to the tonsil. Grooves the submandibular gland, bends around the lower border of the mandible, and ascends over the face close to the anterior border of masseter muscle Ascend lateral to mouth and terminates at the medial angle of the orbit. (It pulse can be felt against the mandible.) 2 Parts Cervical part Runs upwards on the superior constrictor of pharynx deep to the posterior belly of the digastric, stylohyoid & to the ramus of the mandible. Facial part Enters the face related to the antero inferior aspect of masseter muscle. Facial Artery
Cervical Facial
Ascending Tonsillar Submental Glandular Inferior Superior Lateral Angular
Palatine Branch Artery Branches labial Labial Nasal Artery Branches of External Carotid Artery Occipital Artery Arises from the external carotid artery Enters the lateral cervical region at its apex Ascends over the head to supply the posterior half of the scalp Supplies back of scalp Posterior Auricular Artery Supplies the auricle and the scalp Superficial Temporal Artery Ascends over the zygomatic arch, maybe palpated just in front of the auricle. Accompanied by the auriculotemporal nerve, and supplies the SCALP. Branches of External Carotid Artery Maxillary Artery Runs forward medial to the neck of the mandible. Leaves the intratemporal fossa through pterygomaxillary fissure to enter the pterygopalatine fossa where it splits up into branches that follow the branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. Portion: 1. 1st portion Runs horizontally forwards, first between the neck of mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament, below auriculotemporal nerve, and then along lower border of lateral pterygoid. 2. 2nd portion Runs upwards and forwards superficial to lower head of lateral pterygoid. 3. 3rd portion Passes between the 2 heads of lateral pterygoid and through the pterygomaxillary fissure to enter the pterygopalatine fossa. Branches Maxillary Artery of External Carotid Artery 1st Portion Deep auricular artery Anterior tympanic artery Middle meningeal artery Accessory meningeal artery Inferior alveolar artery which gives off its mylohyoid branch just prior to entering the mandibular foramen 2nd Portion Masseteric artery Pterygoid branches Deep temporal arteries (anterior and posterior) Buccal artery 3rd Portion Greater palatine artery Posterior superior alveolar artery Artery of pterygoid canal Pharyngeal artery Sphenopalatine artery (Nasopalatine artery is the terminal branch of the Maxillary artery) Infraorbital artery Internal Carotid Artery Origin : Common Carotid Artery at level of upper border of thyroid cartilage. Course : Ascends through the neck of carotid sheath with the internal jugular vein and vagus nerve. Passes deep to the parotid gland. Enters cranial cavity by passing through carotid canal. Passes upward and then forward in the cavernous sinus. At anterior end of the sinus, it bends upward through the roof and medial to the anterior clinoid process. Inclines backward, lateral to optic chiasma. Termination : Divides into anterior and middle cerebral arteries. 4 parts cervical , petrous, cavernous, cerebral. General Overview of Venous System Draining the Head and Neck Veins of Neck 1. Anterior jugular vein 2. External jugular vein 3. Internal jugular vein 4. Subclavian vein 5. Brachiocephalic vein Anterior Jugular Vein Formation : Begins near the hyoid bone by the confluence of several superficial veins from the submaxillary region. Course : Descends between the median line and the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. Termination: Passes beneath sternocleidomastoideus muscle at the lower part of the neck and terminates into External Jugular Vein Tributaries : 1. Some laryngeal veins, and occasionally a small thyroid vein. 2. 2 anterior jugular veins communicate by a transverse trunk, the venous jugular arch, which receive tributaries from the inferior thyroid veins. External Formation : Jugular Vein Begins near the angle of the mandible by the union of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein. Course : Runs perpendicularly down the neck, in the direction of a line drawn from the angle of the mandible to the middle of the clavicle at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus. Termination: Terminates into the subclavian vein. Tributaries : 1. Transverse cervical 2. Suprascapular 3. Anterior jugular veins *Drains most of the scalp & side of the face. Internal Jugular Vein Formation : The sigmoid sinus joins the inferior petrosal sinus to form the internal jugular vein. Course : Begins in the posterior compartment of the jugular foramen, at the base of the skull. Runs down the side of the neck in a vertical direction, being at one end lateral to the internal carotid artery, and then lateral to the common carotid. Termination : Behind the sternal end of the clavicle Join the subclavian vein & forms brachiocephalic vein. Tributaries : 1. Middle thyroid vein 2. Superior thyroid vein 3. Lingual vein 4. Common facial vein 5. Pharyngeal vein Subclavian Vein Formation : Continuation of the axillary vein Course : Runs from the outer border of the first rib to the medial border of anterior scalene muscle Passes anterior to the scalene anterior muscle & phrenic nerve. Termination : Joins the Internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein. Tributaries : External Jugular vein Major venous channel draining the upper limb. Brachiocephalic Vein Formation : Begins by the union of Subclavian and Internal Jugular Vein behind sternoclavicular joint Course : Right brachiocephalic vein is approximately 3.5cm long. Left brachiocephalic vein is 6 cm long. Both converge Termination Superior Vena Cava Tributaries Vertebral vein Inferior thyroid vein Internal thoracic vein Left superior intercostal vein Supreme intercostal vein Thymic veins Applied Anatomy on Blood Vessels of Head and CarotidNeck artery angiogram- Angiogram is an X-ray picture that uses a special dye to visualize the blood flow in the blood vessels. Can be used to view the large arteries in the neck. Applied Anatomy on Blood Vessels of Head and Neck Swelling of the salivary gland or thyroid gland (Infection, Tumor etc.) Compression of the Carotid Artery, Trachea and structures around Syncope. Oral Maxillary surgery for aesthetic purpose may involve ligation of facial artery to prevent excessive bleeding. The face is richly supplied by arteries (facial, transverse facial, small arteries accompany the cutaneous branches of trigeminal nerve) therefore, facial wounds will bleed profusely but heal quickly. Facial veins are devoid of valves and rest directly on muscles of fascial expression, movements of these muscles may facilitate the spread of septic emboli from face to cavernous sinus causing its thrombosis. For this reason you are advised not to play with the pimples of your face as squeezing of pustules may initiate the spread of septic emboli. Summary Summary Q&A Session Name These Structures.. TIRED??? THANK YOU