The Bacterial Cell: Faculty: Dr. Alvin Fox
The Bacterial Cell: Faculty: Dr. Alvin Fox
The Bacterial Cell: Faculty: Dr. Alvin Fox
PROKARYOTES
BACTERIA ARCHAEA
Prokaryotes (Bacteria)
Eubacter "True" bacteria
human pathogens
clinical or environmental
one kingdom
Archaea
Environmental organisms
second kingdom
Eukaryotes
Other cell-based life e.g.
plants
animals
fungi
Prokaryotic Cell (versus Eukaryotic
Cell)
Not compartmentalized
Cell membranes lack sterols (e.g. cholesterol)
Single circular chromosome
Ribosomal are 70S
- subunits
30S (16S rRNA)
50S (5S & 23S rRNA)
Bacteria versus
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
peptidoglycan (murein)
muramic acid
Archaebacteria
pseudomurein
no muramic acid
Bacteria versus
Archaebacteria
16S rRNA
sequence very different
Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell
(e.g. animal)
Flagellum
Rough endoplasmic Cell membrane Nucleoid Cell wall
reticulum
Nucleus
Gram +
Pili
Gram -
Granule
Capsule
Cytoplasm Cell (inner) membrane Outer membrane
Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell wall
Bacteria
Plasmids
Extra-chromosomal DNA
multiple copy number
coding pathogenesis and antibiotic
resistance factors
bacterial replication
The Cell Envelope
Cell Wall
Cytoplasmic membrane
Cytoplasm
Braun lipoprotein
Cytoplasm
GRAM POSITIVE CELL
ENVELOPE
Degradative enzyme
Cytoplasmic membrane
Cytoplasm
FLAGELLA
Some bacteria are motile
Locomotory organelles- flagella
Taste environment
Respond to food/poison
chemotaxis
Flagella
embedded in cell membrane
project as strand
Flagellin (protein) subunits
move cell by propeller like action
Axial filaments
spirochetes
similar function to flagella
run lengthwise along cell
snake-like movement
Making Wall-less forms
Result from action of:
enzymes lytic for cell wall
antibiotics inhibiting peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Usually non-viable