NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT

OF THE ALLOTTED FAMILY

BY DIET SURVEY
SUKRITI
PATRA
ROLL NO.-99
4TH SEMESTER
KPC MEDICAL COLLEGE &
HOSPITAL, JADAVPUR

INTRODUCTION
Nutrition may be defined as the science of food and
its relationship to health. It is concerned primarily with
the part played by nutrients in body growth,
development and maintenance.
Assessment of nutritional profile of a family is an
important step in planning and programming health and
nutrition intervention directed towards the family.

The main objectives of the nutritional assessment are :

i.

To obtain precise information on the prevalence and geographic

distribution of nutritional problems of a given community.

ii.

To identify individuals or population groups at risk or in greatest need

of assistance.

iii.

To develop a health care programme that meets the needs defined by

that assessment, including evaluation of the effectiveness of such
programmes.

The methods of nutritional assessment include the

following :
DIRECT

INDIRECT

1. Anthropometry

1. Vital statistics

2. Clinical examination

2. Ecological factors

3. Dietary survey

3. Functional
assessment

4. Biochemical
investigation

Balanced Diet
A balanced diet is defined as one which contains a
variety of foods in such quantities and proportions that
the need for energy , amino acids, vitamins, minerals,
fats, carbohydrate and other nutrients is adequately met
for maintaining health, vitality and general well-being
and also makes a small provision for extra nutrients to
withstand short duration of leanness.

The methods of diet survey include the following

Weighment method : a. Raw food

b. Cooked food

Oral Questionnaire method : 24 hours Recall method

Stock Inventory method (Food listing method)

 Methods used in the diet survey : 24 hours Recall method

The fallacies of the 24 Hours Recall Method

The 24 hours recall/oral questionnaire method is one in which inquiries are made retrospectively about the
nature and quantity of foods eaten during the last 24 hours. However, this method has certain fallacies

There can be a fast observed in the previous 24 hours hence, restricted food consumption.
There may be a feast celebrated in the previous 24 hours hence, increased and atypical
food consumption.
The method depends on the subjects ability to recall from memory all that he/she has
eaten in the previous 24 hours hence, it may not be accurate in some cases.
There may be day to day variation in the consumption of food.
Some members of the family may be following restricted diets due to certain illnesses.

MY OBJECTIVES
To study the dietary intake patterns of the family members.
To calculate the consumption of specific nutrients (like calorie,
protein etc.) of the family members in last 24 hours.
To find out if there is any deficiency or excess of nutrients consumed.
To suggest recommendations accordingly for their improvement.

MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

Type of study : Observational, Descriptive, Cross-sectional
Study period : 4th April- 7thApril, 2016
Study area : Shimultala, Sonarpur, South 24 Parganas
Study population : 5 members of the allotted family
Study tools : Stethoscope, Measuring Tape, Weighing Machine, Sphygmomanometer,
Practical Field Guide Book

Study technique : The data were collected by interviewing family members and taking
measurements wherever necessary

INTRODUCTION TO ALLOTTED
FAMILY
Name of the head of the family : Ebadut Mullah
Address : Shimultala, Sonarpur, South 24 Parganas
No. of family members : Five members
Type of family : Joint family
Religion : Islam
Mother tongue : Bengali
Per capita income : Rs.-3,600/- per month
Socio-economic status : Lower-middle(III) according to
the Modified
Kuppuswamys Socio-

FAMILY CHART
MARITA
EDUCATI
L
ON
STATUS

S/
N

NAME

RELATION TO
HOF

AGE

SEX

1.

Ebadut Mullah

HOF

55 years

Male

Married

Illiterate

2.

Ajizur Mullah

Elder Son of
HOF(1)

26 years

Male

Married

Class XII
Pass

3.

Latifa Mullah

Daughter-in-law
of HOF(1)

22 years Female

Married

Class XII
Pass

4.

Riazul Mullah

Younger Son of
HOF(1)

21 years

Male

Unmarried

Class VIII
Pass

24
months

Female

NA

NA

5.

Alisa Mullah

Granddaughter
of HOF(1) and
Daughter of (2) &
(3)

FAMILY CHART
S/
N

NAME

OCCUPATI
ON

NATURE
OF WORK

TYPE OF
WORK

MONTHLY
INCOME

1.

Ebadut Mullah

Masonry
worker

Unskilled

Moderate

Rs.-5,000/-

2.

Ajizur Mullah

Driver

Skilled

Moderate

Rs.- 8,000/-

3.

Latifa Mullah

Housewife

NA

Sedentary

-----

4.

Riazul Mullah

Driver

Skilled

Moderate

Rs.-5,000/-

5.

Alisa Mullah

NA

NA

NA

NA

FAMILY CHART
S/
N

NAME

ADDICTIO
N

HISTORY OF
PRESENT
ILLNESS

HISTORY FAMILY
OF PAST HISTO
ILLNESS
RY

1.

Ebadut Mullah

Tobacco
chewing

Joint pain

-------

------

2.

Ajizur Mullah

Tobacco
chewing &
smoking

Common cough &

cold

-------

------

3.

Latifa Mullah

-------

-------

-------

------

4.

Riazul Mullah

Tobacco
chewing &
smoking

-------

-------

------

5.

Alisa Mullah

-------

-------

-------

------

PRIORITY MEMBERS
Priority members include child below 5 yrs old, adolescent
girl/boy, pregnant/lactating mother, eligible couple, woman under
reproductive age group(15-45 yrs) , elderly people (above 60 yrs)
& any severely ill person.
Here in the family, priority members are
Latifa Mullah who is a woman of reproductive age group (22
yrs).
Alisa Mullah who is 24 months old is also a priority member
as there is need of monitoring of her growth and immunisation
status.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS
Socio- economic status has been defined as the
position that an individual or family occupies with
reference to the prevailing average standards of cultural
and material possessions, income and participation in
group activity of the community.
There have been many attempts at developing
scales for measuring socio-economic status.
Kuppuswamy-in India prepared a scale based on
education and occupation of Head of the family, total
family income which are the three major variables

The modified version of the Kuppuswamys socio

economic status scale for the year 2007 is given in the
following table

(A) EDUCATION

SCORE

1. Profession or Honours

2. Graduate or
Postgraduate

3. Intermediate or Post
high
school diploma

4. High school certificate

5. Middle school
certificate

6. Primary school
certificate

(B) OCCUPATION

7. Illiterate
1. Profession

2. Semi-profession
3. Clerical, shop-owner,
farmer

SCORE
1
10
6
5

4. Skilled worker

5. Semi-skilled worker

6. Unskilled worker

7. Unemployed

(C) FAMILY INCOME

PER MONTH (in Rs.)modified for 2007

SCORE

1. = 19,575

12

2. 9,788 - 19,574

10

3. 7,323 - 9,787

4. 4,894 - 7,322

5. 2,936 - 4,893

6. 980 - 2,935

7. < 979

TOTAL SCORE

SOCIOECONOMIC
CLASS

26 - 29

Upper(I)

16 - 25

Upper-middle(II)

11 - 15

Lower-middle(III)

5 - 10

Upper-lower(IV)

<5

Lower(V)

Socio-Economic Status of the allotted family

according to the Modified Kuppuswamys SocioEconomic Status Scale
Education of HOF

Occupation of HOF

Illiterate
:

[Score - 1]

Unskilled (masonry worker)

[Score - 2]

Total family income

per month

Total Score :

Rs.- 18,000/-

[Score - 10]

13

Socio-economic class

Lower-middle (III)

ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE

BY 24 HOURS RECALL METHOD
Breakfast : Tea- 4 cups

Roti- 10 pieces
Potato fry
Lunch : Rice

Evening Snacks : Tea- 4

cups
Biscuits10 pieces
Milk-1
glass

Dal
Rohu fish curry
Mixed vegetables
curry

Dinner : Rice
Rohu fish curry

ENERGY
(Kcal)

PROTEIN
(gm)

4325
1705

80
60.5

Pulses Lentil : 200gm

686

50.2

3.

Non-leafy vegetables Brinjal : 300gm

Pumpkin : 400gm

72
100

4.2
5.6

4.

Roots & Tubers Potato : 500gm

Onion : 150gm

485
75

8
1.8

S/N

1.

2.

FOODSTUFF
Cereals Rice : 1kg 250gm
Wheat : 500gm

S/N

FOODSTUFF

ENERGY
(Kcal)

PROTEIN
(gm)

152.4

7.28

5.

Milk Cow milk : 250ml

6.

Animal foods Rohu fish : 600gm

552

99.6

7.

Others Cooking oil : 150ml

Sugar : 100gm

1228.5
398

--0.1

8.

Miscellaneous Biscuits : 10 pieces

77

 The total calorie intake is calculated by adding up the

calories present in the food

= 9855.9 kcal
The total protein intake is calculated similarly

= 325.28 gm

Consumption Unit
A consumption unit is defined as the total
amount of calories required by a sedentary
adult man which is
1 CONSUMPTION UNIT = 2320 Kcal

GROUP

CONSUMPTION UNIT (CU)

Adult male (Sedentary worker)

1.0

Adult male (Moderate worker)

1.2

Adult male (Heavy worker)

1.6

Adult female (Sedentary

worker)

0.8

Adult female (Moderate worker)

0.9

Adult female (Heavy worker)

1.2

12-21 years

1.0

9-12 years

0.8

7-9 years

0.7

5-7 years

0.6

3-5 years

0.5

1-3 years

0.4

S/N

NAME

CU

PROTEIN
REQUIRED(DAI
LY)

1.

Ebadut Mullah

1.2

61 gm

2.

Ajizur Mullah

1.2

66 gm

3.

Latifa Mullah

0.8

58 gm

4.

Riazul Mullah

1.2

64 gm

5.

Alisa Mullah

0.4

21 gm

TOTAL CU =
4.8

TOTAL
PROTEIN
REQUIRED
(DAILY) = 270
gm

Total Consumption Unit of the family is 4.8

Since, 1 CU = 2320 kcal.
The required calorie intake of the family = (2320
x 4.8)=11136 Kcal
Calculated Calorie Intake is 9855.9 Kcal
Thus,
11.5%

there is a calorie deficit of 1280.1 Kcal or

 The required Protein Intake of the family

(daily)= 270 gm
The total protein intake of the family= 325.28
gm
Thus,
16.9%

there is a protein surplus of 55.28 gm or

BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)

It is a simple index of weight for height, which is
commonly used to classify underweight, overweight and
obesity in adults.
CLASSIFICATIO
BMI= Weight(Kg)/(Height
BMI (WHO)
BMI
in m)
(ASIAN)
N
Underweight

< 18.50

< 18.50

Normal Range

18.50 24.99

18.50 22.99

Overweight

25.00-29.99

23-24.99

Obese

30

25

WEIGHT
(kg)

BMI

CONCLUSI
ON (Asian
Scale)

S/N

NAME

HEIGHT
(m)

1.

Ebadut Mullah

1.65

61

22.4

Normal

2.

Ajizur Mullah

1.72

66

22.3

Normal

3.

Latifa Mullah

1.49

58

26.12

Obese

4.

Riazul Mullah

1.68

64

22.67

Normal

SUMMARY
We interviewed the allotted joint family in Shimultala, Sonarpur on
7th April, 2016. The family consists of Mr. Ebadut Mullah (HOF),his two
sons, daughter-in-law and one granddaughter. They belong to the LowerMiddle Socio-Economic class according to the Modified Kuppuswamys
Socio-Economic Status Scale(2007). A diet survey was conducted by
adopting the 24 hours recall method. The daily calorie intake by the
family was found to be 9855.9 kCal and the required daily calorie intake
is 11136 kcal. Thus, there is a deficit of 11.5% of calories. The daily
protein intake by the family is 325.28 g while the required daily intake is
270 g. Therefore, there is a surplus of 16.9% of proteins. The BMI
values of the adults of the family shows a state of obesity for Mrs. Latifa
Mullah (Daughter-in-law of HOF) with reference to the standard values for
Asians.

RECOMMENDATIONS
INDIVIDUAL LEVEL :
a) The HOFs daughter in law ( Mrs. Latifa Mullah) is advised to take up physical activities like
brisk walks for 30 minutes for 6 days a week to reduce her weight as she is obese and to
also limit her daily calorie intake by avoiding oily food. She is also advised to visit IIMC
(Institute for Indian Mother and Child)-which is the urban training centre of KPC Medical
College and Hospital for regular health check-up.
b) Mr. Ebadut Mullah, Mr. Azijur Mullah and Mr. Riazul Mullah should quit smoking and tobacco
chewing as they may lead to serious health complications .
c) Mrs. Latifa Mullah should regularly visit the Anganwadi Centre to avail services as she is
one of the beneficiaries ( woman of reproductive age group) and ensure that her child is
fully immunized according to the National Schedule of Immunization.
d) Alisa Mullah should be taken to the Anganwadi centre regularly for regular growth
monitoring , supplementary nutrition, immunization and health check-up.

 FAMILY LEVEL :

a)

The members of the allotted family are advised to

include locally available seasonal fruits (bananas,
guavas) in their daily diet. They should also consume
more energy giving food ( groundnuts, bananas) as they
have calorie deficit in their diet except Mrs. Latifa Mullah,
as she is obese (Restriction of calories is advised).

b) All the family members should visit IIMC (Institute for

Indian Mother and Child) which is the urban training
centre of KPC Medical College and Hospital for regular
health check-up.

 COMMUNITY LEVEL :

a) The community should arrange programs to educate the people about the noncommunicable diseases and its ill effects.
b) The community should encourage physical exercise for persons belonging to the
obese category and also individuals with normal BMI to lead a healthy life.
c) The community should arrange awareness campaign against smoking.
d) The community should also arrange awareness campaign for
1) Immunisation of child .
2) Educating mother about taking care of childs health .
3)Motivating eligible couple to implement family planning methods of their
choice.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to our allotted
family members for their cooperation. I am grateful to all
the teachers of the Department of Community Medicine for
giving us this opportunity and their support and guidance.
I would also like to thank the field workers and
community leaders for their guidance.
I am also thankful to my friends for their help to
finalize this project.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Parks Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine
.K.PARK. 23rd Edition. (Pg 399,648,649,661,663,665,690)

Practical guide book, Dept. of Community Medicine,

KPCMCH

THANK YOU