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    Gujarati

    Uploaded by

    Piyush Shah
    This document provides an introduction to the Gujarati language, including: - Gujarati is spoken mainly in the state of Gujarat in India and has over 60 million speakers. - It uses the Gujarati script which is derived from the Devanagari script and is an alphasyllabary with 47 letters. - The document outlines the Gujarati vowels and consonants and how they combine to form syllables. It also discusses the historical development and regional dialects of Gujarati.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Gujarati

    Uploaded by

    Piyush Shah
    849 views29 pages
    This document provides an introduction to the Gujarati language, including: - Gujarati is spoken mainly in the state of Gujarat in India and has over 60 million speakers. - It uses the Gujarati script which is derived from the Devanagari script and is an alphasyllabary with 47 letters. - The document outlines the Gujarati vowels and consonants and how they combine to form syllables. It also discusses the historical development and regional dialects of Gujarati.

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    Gujarati files

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    This document provides an introduction to the Gujarati language, including: - Gujarati is spoken mainly in the state of Gujarat in India and has over 60 million speakers. - It uses the Gujarati script which is derived from the Devanagari script and is an alphasyllabary with 47 letters. - The document outlines the Gujarati vowels and consonants and how they combine to form syllables. It also discusses the historical development and regional dialects of Gujarati.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    849 views29 pages

    Gujarati

    Uploaded by

    Piyush Shah
    This document provides an introduction to the Gujarati language, including: - Gujarati is spoken mainly in the state of Gujarat in India and has over 60 million speakers. - It uses the Gujarati script which is derived from the Devanagari script and is an alphasyllabary with 47 letters. - The document outlines the Gujarati vowels and consonants and how they combine to form syllables. It also discusses the historical development and regional dialects of Gujarati.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 29
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The document provides an introduction to reading and writing in the Gujarati script. It discusses the structure and components of the Gujarati alphabet as well as how vowels combine with consonants to form syllables.

    The Gujarati script is an alphasyllabary, where consonant-vowel sequences are written as a unit with each unit based on a consonant. Vowels are represented through diacritics added to consonant characters.

    The Gujarati alphabet consists of 34 consonants, 12 basic vowels, and some additional characters. It is arranged based on the place and manner of articulation of each sound.

    Beginners lessons

    in reading and
    writing GUJARATI
    Facilitator: Piyush Ramesh Shah

    Introduction
    This course is about learning to read and
    write Gujarati using the Gujarati script

    We will not be covering Gujarati grammar


    i.e. the set of rules that explain how words
    are used in a language

    Introduction
    Gujarati is part of the greater Indo-European
    family of languages and is a regional
    language of India
    It is spoken mainly in the state of Gujarat and
    the adjacent areas of Maharashtra as well as
    in Lower Punjab and Sind in Pakistan
    In the diaspora Persian Gulf, East Africa,
    Britain and North America

    Introduction
    Official language of the state of Gujarat and
    one of the 23 official languages of India
    It has over 60 million speakers 26th most
    spoken native language in the world
    It is spoken mainly in the state of Gujarat and
    the adjacent areas of Maharashtra as well as
    in Lower Punjab and Sind in Pakistan
    In the diaspora Persian Gulf, East Africa,
    Britain and North America

    Introduction
    Principal varieties and dialects:
    Standard Gujarati Ahmedabad/Vadodara
    Surati south eastern Gujarat
    Kathiawari peninsula of Saurashtra
    Charotari central Gujarat
    Patani northern Gujarat
    Kachchhi western Gujarat
    East African most distinctive variant outside

    Introduction
    Stages of development:
    12th to 15th century Old Gujarati
    15th to 18th century Middle Gujarati
    18th century present Modern Gujarati
    Main differences in the 3 stages are phonological
    system of sounds
    Oldest document is the Bharateshvara Bahubali,
    a narrative poem by Jain monk Shalibhadrasuri in
    1185CE.

    Introduction
    Gujarati language has evolved from Sanskrit
    through Prakrits/Apabhramshas
    It has its own script Gujarati lipi derived
    ultimately from Brahmi
    It is a variant of the Devanagari script
    differentiated by the loss of the
    characteristic horizontal line running above
    the letters and by a small number of
    modifications in the remaining characters

    Introduction
    Gujarati script is an alphasyllabary a
    segmental writing system in which
    consonant - vowel sequences are written as
    a unit
    Each unit is based on a consonant and vowel
    notation is secondary
    This contrasts with a full alphabet in which
    vowels have equal status to consonants

    Introduction
    Gujarati has:
    12 basic vowels (thats why we call the
    alphabet the barakhadi (a corruption of
    barakshari)) and
    34 consonants
    There is one additional vowel but this is
    rarely used
    The total number of letters is therefore 47

    Introduction
    Gujarati alphabets are pronounced by the five
    organs of the mouth. They are the:
    -Throat
    -Palate
    -Roof of the mouth
    -Teeth
    -Lips

    Points of articulation

    Grouping
    Consonants (vyajana) are grouped in
    accordance with the traditional, linguistically
    based Sanskrit scheme of arrangement, which
    considers the place of articulation during
    their pronunciation

    Vowels (Svara)

    a
    aa
    i
    ee
    u
    oo

    e
    ai
    o
    au
    am
    ah

    ri
    am

    Vowels
    The vowel may be pronounced by
    different people in different ways ri, ru or
    ra. It is used in the name Krishna which
    some may pronounce either Krushna or
    Krashna
    The symbols and are not used in
    standard Gujarati but may be used and have
    tremendous value to achieve correct
    transliteration/pronunciation of foreign

    Vowels
    Each vowel has a stand alone letter and has
    an attached symbol - except for the vowel
    (a) which has a stand alone form but no
    symbol
    The vowel does not have a symbol as it is
    inherently embedded in the consonant

    Vowels - Symbols

    Consonants (Vyanjana)
    Velar
    (guttural)
    Palatals
    Retroflex (crerebrals)
    Dental
    Labials
    Glides and liquids (semi vowels)
    Fricatives (sibilants)
    Glottal and Retroflex liquid
    Conjuncts

    Consonants (Vyanjana)

    ka
    cha
    Ta
    ta
    pa
    ya
    sha
    ha
    kSha

    kha
    chha
    Tha
    tha
    pha
    ra
    Sha
    La
    tra

    ga
    ja
    Da
    da
    ba
    la
    sa
    jnya

    gha
    jha
    Dha
    dha
    bha
    va

    nga
    nya
    Na
    na
    ma

    Consonants
    The last three letters are not pure
    consonants but are actually conjuncts of 2
    separate consonants but they have
    traditionally been included as part of the
    alphabet
    The last letter is traditionally pronounced
    as gna in Gujarati

    Consonants
    The 5 letters in the last column are called the
    nasal consonants
    The nasal consonants and are
    infrequently used and in fact they have been
    removed from many modern Gujarati
    alphabet charts
    They have however been included here for
    completeness and because they are still in
    use

    Consonants
    The nasal consonants are generally replaced
    by a dot at the top
    Each nasal consonant is used with the
    letters of its series

    Consonants
    The sounds fa and za are not native to Gujarati
    and therefore do not have specific consonants.
    However in practice the letters for pha and jha
    are equated to fa and za in practice
    Letter

    Actual sound

    Pronounced

    pha
    jha

    pha/fa
    jha/za

    Consonants
    Certain consonants are sometimes modified by
    a dot at the bottom to represent non-native
    Gujarati sounds (mainly urdu origin words):
    Letter

    sound

    example

    qa
    kha
    gha
    fa
    zha

    qatil
    khoon
    gham
    fareb
    pleasure

    Consonants
    The letter sha has an alternative form which
    is

    Complete alphabet arranged based on


    of articulation of sound for each letter

    Combining vowels and consonants


    Each consonant character contains an
    inherent vowel (called a schwa) the vowel
    (a)
    The other vowels are added as accents or
    diacritics on to the consonant characters
    Every pure consonant has a nether stroke at
    the bottom which is removed when a
    vowel is added

    Combining vowels and consonants


    As an example the maximum possible
    combinations of the consonant (ka) with
    vowels is as per the table in the next slide

    Combining vowels and consonants

    +
    =
    +
    =
    + =

    k
    ka

    + =
    + =

    kri
    ke

    kaa + =

    kai

    ki

    =
    kee
    ku

    koo

    ko

    + =
    + =
    + =

    + =
    + =
    + =

    kau
    kam
    kah

    Combining vowels and consonants


    All consonants and vowels will combine in
    the manner shown in the previous table
    consonant + respective vowel sign
    Only three combinations have irregular
    forms and these are:

    + = jee

    + = roo
    +
    hri

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