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    Lymphatic System 2

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    The lymphatic system is the body's drainage system and consists of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph fluid. It drains excess fluid from tissues, transports fat and nutrients, and helps fight infections through the filtration of lymph and activation of immune cells in lymph nodes. When lymph reaches lymph nodes, it filters out pathogens and foreign particles before returning to circulation. The spleen, tonsils, thymus, and lymph nodes are lymphatic organs that help fight infection and filter lymph. Diseases like lymphoma, lymphedema, and sepsis can impact the lymphatic system. Researchers are working on an artificial spleen device to externally remove toxins and microbes that cause sepsis.

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    Lymphatic System 2

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    api-325274340
    80 views17 pages
    The lymphatic system is the body's drainage system and consists of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph fluid. It drains excess fluid from tissues, transports fat and nutrients, and helps fight infections through the filtration of lymph and activation of immune cells in lymph nodes. When lymph reaches lymph nodes, it filters out pathogens and foreign particles before returning to circulation. The spleen, tonsils, thymus, and lymph nodes are lymphatic organs that help fight infection and filter lymph. Diseases like lymphoma, lymphedema, and sepsis can impact the lymphatic system. Researchers are working on an artificial spleen device to externally remove toxins and microbes that cause sepsis.

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    The lymphatic system is the body's drainage system and consists of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph fluid. It drains excess fluid from tissues, transports fat and nutrients, and helps fight infections through the filtration of lymph and activation of immune cells in lymph nodes. When lymph reaches lymph nodes, it filters out pathogens and foreign particles before returning to circulation. The spleen, tonsils, thymus, and lymph nodes are lymphatic organs that help fight infection and filter lymph. Diseases like lymphoma, lymphedema, and sepsis can impact the lymphatic system. Researchers are working on an artificial spleen device to externally remove toxins and microbes that cause sepsis.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    80 views17 pages

    Lymphatic System 2

    Uploaded by

    api-325274340
    The lymphatic system is the body's drainage system and consists of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph fluid. It drains excess fluid from tissues, transports fat and nutrients, and helps fight infections through the filtration of lymph and activation of immune cells in lymph nodes. When lymph reaches lymph nodes, it filters out pathogens and foreign particles before returning to circulation. The spleen, tonsils, thymus, and lymph nodes are lymphatic organs that help fight infection and filter lymph. Diseases like lymphoma, lymphedema, and sepsis can impact the lymphatic system. Researchers are working on an artificial spleen device to externally remove toxins and microbes that cause sepsis.

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    of 17

    Lymphatic System

    by: Ema & Anne

    Lymphatic System
    The lymph system is the body's drainage system. It is composed
    of a network of vessels and small structures called lymph nodes.
    The lymph vessels convey excess fluid collected from all over
    the body back into the blood circulation. Along the way,
    however, these fluids are forced to percolate through the lymph
    nodes so that they can be filtered.

    Lymphatic System
    The lymphatic system is composed of:
    Lymph
    Lymphatic vessels
    Lymphatic tissue
    Lymphatic organs

    Lymphatic System
    Lymph: a colorless fluid containing white blood cells, that bathes the tissues and
    drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.
    Lymphatic Vessels: are thin walled, valved structures that carry lymph. As part of the
    lymphatic system, lymph vessels are complementary to the cardiovascular system.
    Lymphatic Capillaries: are tiny, thin-walled vessels located in the spaces between
    cells which serve to drain and process extracellular fluid.
    Lymph trunk: Lymph trunk is a lymph vessel that carries lymph, and is formed by
    confluence of many efferent lymph vessels. It in turn drains into one of the two lymph
    ducts (right lymph duct and the thoracic duct).

    Lymphatic System Functio


    Provide Immunity: the lymphatic system is defense against invading
    microorganisms and disease. Lymph nodes and other lymphatic organs
    filter the lymph to remove microorganisms and other foreign particles.
    Lymphatic organs contain lymphocytes that destroy invading organisms.
    The absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system
    and the subsequent transport of these substances to the venous circulation.
    It also acts as a highway, transporting white blood cells to and from the
    lymph nodes into the bones
    Collect and transport tissue fluids from the intercellular spaces in all the
    tissues of the body back to the veins in the blood system; it plays an
    important role in returning plasma proteins to the bloodstream

    Lymphatic Organs
    Lymphatic Organs: Includes Lymph Nodes, Spleen, Tonsils, and Thymus
    Lymph Nodes: Lymph nodes are specialized
    masses of tissue that are situated along lymphatic
    system pathways. These structures filter lymph
    fluid before returning it to the blood. Lymph nodes,
    lymph vessels, and other lymphatic organs help
    to prevent fluid buildup in tissues, defend against
    infection, and maintain normal blood volume
    and pressure in the body.

    Lymphatic Organs cont.


    Spleen: is the organ that is responsible for both the storage and purification of red
    blood cells. The spleen purifies the blood and helps the immune system to recognize
    and attack foreign pathogens and allergens. It is the largest organ of the lymphatic
    system.
    Tonsils: helps to fight infections. However, removal of the tonsils does not seem to
    increase susceptibility to infection. By the age of 11, your tonsils will begin to shrink
    and the chance of them becoming infected lessens.
    Thymus: when its active it helps the body protect itself. The thymus is instrumental
    in the production and maturation of T-lymphocytes (T cells), a specific type of white
    blood cell that protects the body from certain threats, including viruses and infections.

    Lymphatic Organs cont.


    The thymus shrinks and is replaced by fatty
    tissue after puberty. Fortunately, the thymus
    produces all of your T cells by the time you
    reach puberty.
    The lymph nodes bulge out in the presence
    of an infection
    About 2 litres of lymph fluid circulate in the
    body every day while collecting, destroying
    and eliminating foreign agents and disease
    causing microbes

    Lymphatic System Pathways


    Lymphatic Capillaries to
    Lymphatic Vessels to
    Lymph Nodes to
    Lymphatic Vessels to
    Lymphatic Trunk to
    Collecting Duct to
    Subclavian Vein

    Diseases
    Lymphedema: Chronic swelling of limbs
    Damaged/not properly functioning = accumulation of lymph fluid
    Hodgkins Lymphoma: Cancer
    Damaged/diseased white blood cells
    Castleman Disease:
    Benign tumors that affect lymph nodes
    Similar to lymphoma
    Chemotherapy
    Localized: stomach and chest
    Multicentric: localized + lymphoid-containing organs (spleen)

    Sepsis
    Whole-body inflammation (infection)
    Symptoms:
    increased heart rate
    increased breathing rate
    confusion
    fever
    Specific Infection Symptoms
    cough (pneumonia)
    painful urination (kidney infection)
    Severity
    insufficient blood flow (low blood pressure, high blood lactate, low urine output)
    Septic shock: LBP after intravenous fluids are given
    poor organ function

    Sepsis Cont.
    Life-threatening
    18 million per year worldwide
    30-50%
    Antibiotics:
    Kills sepsis-inducing microbes
    Drug resistant microbes (overuse)
    Doesnt neutralize toxins (pathogens)

    Artificial Spleen

    DARPA: Dialysis-Like Therapeutics (DLT)


    Artificial spleen
    Shoebox-sized prototype
    Removes of toxins and microbes that can trigger sepsis
    Works outside of body
    Blood is funneled from a vein into the machine, clean then returned
    Device
    Series of microfluidic channels (blood vessels)
    Two adjacent channels
    Blood
    Saline solution
    Process:
    Blood enters and mixed with tiny magnetic beads cover in mannose binding lectin (MBL)
    Sepsis-inducing microbes and toxins stick to the beads
    Magnets pull beads out through slits and into saline solution for collection and removal
    Developing more portable version

    Artificial Spleen

    Thymus

    Spleen

    Bibliography
    http://biology.about.com/od/anatomy/ss/lymph-nodes.htm
    http://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/lymphatic/components/
    http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/spleen
    http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/lymphatic/lymph-system.htm
    http://www.darpa.mil/newsevents/releases/2014/09/15.aspx
    http://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.html

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