Nucleoprotein & Nucleic Acid
Nucleoprotein & Nucleic Acid
Nucleoprotein & Nucleic Acid
and
nucleic acids
What is Nucleoprotein?
Nucleoprotein,is a conjugated proteinconsisting of
aproteinlinked to a nucleic acid,
eitherDNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) orRNA(ribonucleic
acid).
The protein combined with DNA is commonly either
histone or protamine; the resulting nucleoproteins
are found in chromosomes. Many viruses are little more
than organized collections of deoxyribonucleoproteins.
Little is known about the proteins linked with RNA;
unlike protamine and histone, they appear to contain
the amino acid tryptophan.
IMPORTAN
CE
Nucleic acids are the genetic material of all organisms, and they
determine many of the features of an organism. There are two
types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA
(ribonucleic acid). Both are made of long chains of subunits called
nucleotides.
DNA carries the 'instructions' required to assemble proteins from
amino acids subunits using a generic code. It is accurately passed
from cell to cell during cell division. RNA plays a major role in the
manufacture of proteins within cells.
NOTHING
Or a nonliving thing.
Composition
of Nucleic Acids
(DNA & RNA)
Model of DNA:
The model was
developed by
Watson and Crick in
1953.
They received a
nobel prize in 1962
for their work.
The model looks like
a twisted ladder
double helix.
Untwisted
it looks like
this:
A = Adenine
(Apples are Tasty)
T = Thymine
A always pairs with T in DNA
Nucleotide
C = Cytosine
(Cookies are Good
G = Guanine
C always pairs with G in DNA
RNARibonucleic Acid
RNA is a messenger that allows the
instruction of DNA to be delivered to
the rest of the cell
RNA is different than DNA:
1.The sugar in RNA is ribose; the
sugar in DNA is deoxyribose
2.RNA is a single strand of
nucleotides; DNA is a double
strand of nucleotides
3.RNA has Uracil (U) instead of
Thymine (T) which is in DNA
4.RNA is found inside and outside of
the nucleus; DNA is found only
BONDING
NUCLEOPROTEIN
Nucleoprotein is one of the proteins which consists in 10%-20% of
salmon milt.
The main compositions of Nucleoprotein are DNA (Deoxyribonucleic
acid) and Protamine.
DNA has been used for health food and pharmaceutical products for
anti-aging and improving stamina.
Protamin maintains and protects DNA from being damaged. 2/3 of
Amino acid in Protamine is Arginine, which has functions of
improving liver functions, fertility and stamina.
Arginine plays an important role in cell division, the healing of
wounds, removing ammonia from the body, immune function, and the
release of hormones and it is famous among athletes.
Since Nucleoprotein is the combination of DNA and Protamine, it has
synergistic effects.
STRUCTUR
E
Nucleic acid
structure
Nucleotide
The
structure of
nucleotide
monomers.
Primary structure
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine(present inDNAonly)
Uracil(present inRNA only)
Secondary structure
The pyrimidine areCytosineandThymine. It
has a single ringed structure, a six membered
ring containing nitrogen. A purine base always
pairs with a pyrimidine base (Guanosine (G)
pairs with Cytosine(C)and Adenine(A) pairs
with Thymine (T) orUracil(U). DNA's
secondary structure is predominantly
determined bybase-pairingof the two
polynucleotide strands wrapped around each
other to form adouble helix. There is also
amajo grooveand aminor grooveon the
double helix.
is an importanttertiary structurein
nucleic acid molecules which is
intimately connected with the
molecule's secondary structure.
A double helix is formed by regions
of many consecutive base pairs.
Stem-loop
structures
Pseudoknots
Tertiary structure
The structures of the A-, B-, and ZDNA double helix structures.
Major groove triples in the group II intron inOceanobacillus Iheyensis. Each stacked
layer is formed by one triplex with a different color scheme. Hydrogen bonds
between triplexes are shown in black dashed lines. "N" atoms are colored in blue
and "O" atoms in red.
Quadruplexes
Quaternary structure
DNA
to
Chromatin
PROPERTIE
S
CHARACTERISTIC
S
RNA
CHARACTERISTICS
Single stranded except for some viruses, which may have
2 stranded RNA
Composed of 5 carbon sugar ribose phosphate group and
a nitrogen base, either adenine, guanine, cystosine or
uracil.
Contain uricil instead of thymine
Necessary for protein synthesis
Has 3 types: tRNA, rRNA and mRNA
DNA
CHARACTERISTICS
Two DNA strands form a helical spiral, winding around a helix axis
in a right-handed spiral
The two polynucleotide chains run in opposite directions
The sugar-phosphate backbones of the two DNA strands wind
around the helix axis like the railing of a spiral staircase
The bases of the individual nucleotides are on the inside of the
helix, stacked on top of each other like the steps of a spiral staircase
-joined by base pairs (G +C & A +T)
2nm wide
0.34 nm per base pair = 10 base pairs per turn of helix (3.4nm)
The 2 strands are complementary
*Thank you.