PHP and Mysql For Dynamic Web Sites: Instructor'S Notes

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE
PHP and MySQL for

Dynamic Web Sites 4th Edition
Instructors Notes
Chapter 1: Introduction to PHP
Copyright 2012 by Larry Ullman
LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!
Learning Outcomes
Create a basic PHP script

Execute a PHP script
Send data to the Web browser
Write comments in PHP
Demonstrate how to use variables
Work with string variables, including concatenation and
a few string functions
Learning Outcomes
Work with numeric variables, including arithmetic and
formatting
Work with constants
Know how PHP treats the two quotation mark types
differently
Recognize common escape sequences
Implement some basic debugging techniques
Basic PHP Script

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf8"/>
<title>Basic PHP Page</title>
</head>
<body>
This is standard HTML.
<?php
?>
</body>
</html>
Running a PHP Script

Must have a PHP-enabled Web server (e.g., Apache)
Place the PHP script in the Web directory
Access the file in your browser through a URL
(http)
Sending Data to the

Browser
echo 'Hello, world!';
echo "What's new?";
print 'Hello, world!';
print "What's new?";
Sending Data to the

Browser
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<title>Using Echo</title>
</head>
<body>

This is standard HTML.
<?php
echo 'This was generated using PHP!';
?>
</body>
</html>
Sending HTMLto the

Browser
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf8"/>
<title>Hello, World!</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo 'Hello, world!';
?>
</body>
</html>
Escaping Characters
echo "She said, "How are you?""; // Error!
echo 'I'm just ducky.'; // Error!
echo 'She said, "How are you?"';
echo "I'm just ducky.";
echo "She said, \"How are you?\"";
print 'I\'m just ducky.';
Parse Errors
Writing Comments

<?php
# Single line PHP comment.
// Another type of single line PHP comment
/* This is a comment
that can go over
multiple lines. */
Variable Types
Boolean
Integer
Floating point
String
Array
Objects
Resources
Null
Variable Names
Start with a $
Contain only letters, numbers, and the underscore
The first character after the $ cannot be a number
Are case-sensitive
Use a consistent naming scheme!
Printing Variables
print $some_var;
print "Hello, $name";
print 'Hello, $name'; // Won't work!
String Values
'Tobias'
"In watermelon sugar"
'100'
'August 2, 2011'
Creating and Using Strings

$first_name = 'Tobias';
$today = 'August 2, 2011';
$var = "Define \"platitude\", please.";
$var = 'Define "platitude", please.';
echo $first_name;
echo "Hello, $first_name";
Performing Concatenation
$city= 'Seattle';
$state = 'Washington';
$address = $city . ', ' . $state;
// Or:
$city= 'Seattle';
$state = 'Washington';
$address = $city;
$address .= ', ';
$address .= $state;
Numeric Values
8
3.14
10823479
-4.29048
4.4e2
Creating and Using

Numbers
$n = 3.14;
$n = round ($n); // 3
$n = 3.142857;
$n = round ($n, 3); // 3.143
$n = 20943;
$n = number_format ($n); // 20,943
$n = 20943;
$n = number_format ($n, 2); // 20,943.00
Arithmetic Operators
Operator
Meaning
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Modulus
++
Increment
--
Decrement
Performing Arithmetic
<?php # Script 1.8 - numbers.php
// Set the variables:
$quantity = 30; // Buying 30 widgets.
$price = 119.95;
$taxrate = .05; // 5% sales tax.
// Calculate the total:
$total = $quantity * $price;
$total = $total + ($total * $taxrate); // Calculate and add the tax.
// Format the total:
$total = number_format ($total, 2);
// Print the results:
echo 'You are purchasing ' . $quantity . ' widget(s) at a cost of $'
. $price . ' each. With tax, the total comes to $' . $total . '.';
?>
Creating and Using

Constants
define ('NAME', value);
define ('USERNAME', 'troutocity');
define ('PI', 3.14);
echo "Hello, USERNAME"; // Won't work!
echo 'Hello, ' . USERNAME;
Quotation Marks
$var
echo
echo
echo
echo
= 'test';
"var is equal to $var";
'var is equal to $var';
"\$var is equal to $var";
'\$var is equal to $var'
Escape Sequences
Code
Meaning
\"
Double quotation mark
\'
Single quotation mark
\\
Backslash
\n
Newline
\r
Carriage return
\t
Tab
\$
Dollar sign
Basic Debugging
Always run PHP scripts through a URL

Know the version of PHP youre using
Enable display_errors
Check the HTML source code
Trust the error message
Take a break!

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VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

PHP and MySQL for

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Create a basic PHP script

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Basic PHP Script

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Running a PHP Script

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Sending Data to the

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Sending Data to the

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Sending HTMLto the

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Creating and Using Strings

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Creating and Using

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Creating and Using

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

LEARN THE QUICK AND EASY WAY!

VISUAL QUICKPRO GUIDE

Double quotation mark

Single quotation mark