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Land Reforms
What is Land Reform?
inheritance of land
Land Reforms
Impediments to Land Reform
initiatives
Implementation Issues
Unorganised Sector
Solution
Effectiveness to be correlated to
productivity rather than area
covered under the law
Productivity
Small and marginal farmers are defined as those with less than
2 hectares of land
In 2002-03, such farmers made up ~80% of all farmers in India
and together they own 43% of total land in the country
Productivity is measured in terms of value of crops, not quantity
of crops
Though a lot of studies have shown the inverse relationship,
there is no concrete proof saying so.
Mechanization increases yield and large farmers tend to use
more mechanization
Average productivity of Indian farmers is much lower than that
of global average
More use of fertilizers may have ecological impacts
Indebtedness
Distress Phenomenon
In most developing economies
including in India, farmers
indebtedness has been treated as
distress phenomenon
Loan taken is used for purposes
other than agriculture related
activities
Tribal is born, bred and buried in debt is a popular saying in tribal areas
Tenancy Reform: -
The land reforms refer to the reforming of defective structure of the land holdings and are a planned and institutional
organization of the relation between man and land
) In the national guidelines the following measures were communicated to the state
governments for incorporation in the state legislation: 1)Security of the tenancy to be conferred on the actual cultivator
2)Fair rent to be fixed between 20 and 25 percent of the gross produce
3)Landowners may be permitted to cultivate land for their personal use
4)The surrender of the tenancy rights with mutual consent
5)In respect of some of the area, the landlord - tenant relationship to be ended and the tenant cultivator be brought directly
into contact with the state
6)Disabled persons, defence personnel and other such exemptions to be allowed to lease their land
7)The term "personal cultivation" should be clearly defined if landlords are allowed to remove tenants in order to resume
cultivation
8)Tenancy records should be corrected and oral tenancies should be abolished