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    Anatomi, Eflouresensi Kulit

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    Whydia Wedha Sutedja
    The skin is the largest organ of the body, varying in thickness from 0.5mm to 6mm. It contains many structures within each square centimeter such as blood vessels, nerves, sweat and sebaceous glands. The skin is composed of the epidermis, dermis and subcutis layers and contains keratinocytes, melanocytes and Langerhans cells. The skin has several important functions including protection, sensation, thermoregulation, immunity, vitamin D synthesis and aesthetics/cosmetics. Pathologies of the skin can present as changes in anatomy seen on examination such as hyperkeratosis, acantholysis, acanthosis, parakeratosis and papillomatosis

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    Anatomi, Eflouresensi Kulit

    Uploaded by

    Whydia Wedha Sutedja
    127 views67 pages
    The skin is the largest organ of the body, varying in thickness from 0.5mm to 6mm. It contains many structures within each square centimeter such as blood vessels, nerves, sweat and sebaceous glands. The skin is composed of the epidermis, dermis and subcutis layers and contains keratinocytes, melanocytes and Langerhans cells. The skin has several important functions including protection, sensation, thermoregulation, immunity, vitamin D synthesis and aesthetics/cosmetics. Pathologies of the skin can present as changes in anatomy seen on examination such as hyperkeratosis, acantholysis, acanthosis, parakeratosis and papillomatosis

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    dermatovenerology

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    anatomi, eflouresensi kulit

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    The skin is the largest organ of the body, varying in thickness from 0.5mm to 6mm. It contains many structures within each square centimeter such as blood vessels, nerves, sweat and sebaceous glands. The skin is composed of the epidermis, dermis and subcutis layers and contains keratinocytes, melanocytes and Langerhans cells. The skin has several important functions including protection, sensation, thermoregulation, immunity, vitamin D synthesis and aesthetics/cosmetics. Pathologies of the skin can present as changes in anatomy seen on examination such as hyperkeratosis, acantholysis, acanthosis, parakeratosis and papillomatosis

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    127 views67 pages

    Anatomi, Eflouresensi Kulit

    Uploaded by

    Whydia Wedha Sutedja
    The skin is the largest organ of the body, varying in thickness from 0.5mm to 6mm. It contains many structures within each square centimeter such as blood vessels, nerves, sweat and sebaceous glands. The skin is composed of the epidermis, dermis and subcutis layers and contains keratinocytes, melanocytes and Langerhans cells. The skin has several important functions including protection, sensation, thermoregulation, immunity, vitamin D synthesis and aesthetics/cosmetics. Pathologies of the skin can present as changes in anatomy seen on examination such as hyperkeratosis, acantholysis, acanthosis, parakeratosis and papillomatosis

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 67

    ANATOMI, FUNGSI, PATOLOGI DAN EFLORESENSI

    Organ paling luar, paling luas (1,5 1,75 m2), paling berat (15 % BB)
    Ketebalan sangat bervariasi : paling tebal lk 6 mm (telapak kaki)
    paling tipis 0,5 mm (penis)
    Setiap 1 Cm2 kulit mengandung :
    2 juta sel
    1600 ujung saraf
    5 kel. Sebaseous dan folikel rambut
    30 kel. Keringat
    160 Cm serat saraf
    40 cm pembuluh darah
    Kulit dibentuk oleh beberapa sel : keratinosit, Melanosit, sel Langerhans
    dan tersusun dalam 3 lapis : EPIDERMIS, DERMIS DAN SUBKUTIS

    FUNGSI KULIT
    1. Protection
    The skin acts as a barrier against such things as water
    loss/entry, chemicals, bacteria and fungic as well as against minor
    trauma. This function is served by the lipids and proteins of the stratum
    corneum, the outermost epidermal layer, which is continually sloughed off
    and regenerated.
    2. Sensation
    Elaborate neural receptors and small nerve endings mediate touch, position,
    pressure, temperature, and pain.
    3. Thermoregulation via the eccrine sweat gland apparatus
    4. Immunological

    defense via the Langerhans cells


    5. Vitamin-D synthesis in response to sun exposure
    6. Pigmentation/color for UV protection
    7. Reproductive function: sexual attractiveness may be dependent
    upon appearance and smell of skin

    8. Estetika/Kosmetika

    PATOLOGI ANATOMI KULIT


    Hiperkeratosis

    Acantholysis
    The loss of cohesion between epidermal or adnexal
    keratinocytes.
    Example of acantholysis in Pemphigus Foliaceus.

    Acanthosis
    The increase in the thickness of the stratum malpighii.
    Examples of acanthosis in Psoriasis (top) and Lichen Simplex
    Chronicus (bottom).

    Parakeratosis
    Retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. This is a normal
    finding on mucous membranes.
    Example of parakeratosis in Normal Oral Mucosa.

    Papillomatosis
    Upward proliferation of epidermis and subepidermal papillae causing
    the surface epidermis to show irregular undulation.
    Example of papillomatosis in Verruca Vulgaris (Top and Bottom).

    EFLORESENSI KULIT
    Perubahan kulit dapat dilihat secara obyektif karena
    kelainan patologis

    Efloresensi Primer :
    Efloresensi timbul karena penyakitnya sendiri

    Efloresensi Sekunder :

    Efloresensi primer
    1. MACULE
    A macule is a change in the color of the skin. It is flat, if you
    were to close your eyes and run your fingers over the surface
    of a purely macular lesion, you could not detect it. A macule
    greater than 1 cm. may be referred to as a patch.

    http://www.pediatrics.wisc.edu/derm/tuta/papule.html

    Hiperemia : pelebaran pembuluh darah


    Roseola
    Teleangiektasi

    Hemoragi : perdarahan dibawah kulit


    Ptekhie
    Vibises
    Ekhimosis

    titik-titik perdarahan
    linier
    bercak-bercak perdarahan

    Untuk membedakan dengan hiperemia dilakukan tes DIASKOPI

    Pigmentasi : perubahan warna kulit


    Hiperpigmentasi
    Hipopigmentasi
    Depigmentasi

    2. PAPULE
    A papule is a solid raised lesion that has distinct borders and is
    less than 1 cm in diameter. Papules may have a variety of shapes
    in profile (domed, flat-topped, umbilicated) and may be
    associated with secondary features such as crusts or scales.

    3. PLAQUE
    A plaque is a solid, raised, flat-topped lesion greater
    than 1 cm. in diameter. It is analogous to the geological
    formation, the plateau.

    4. VESICLE
    Vesicles are raised lesions less than 1 cm. in diameter that are
    filled with clear fluid.

    Confluent

    5. BULLAE
    Bullae are circumscribed fluid-filled lesions that are greater
    than 1 cm. in diameter.

    6. WHEAL / URTICA
    A wheal is an area of edema in the upper epidermis.

    7. PUSTULE
    Pustules are circumscribed elevated lesions that contain pus.
    They are most commonly infected (as in folliculitis) but may be
    sterile (as in pustular psoriasis)

    8. NODULE
    A nodule is a raised solid lesion more than 1 cm. and may be in
    the epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous tissue.

    9. TUMOR
    A tumor is a solid mass of the skin or subcutaneous tissue; it is
    larger than a nodule. (Please bear in mind this definition does not
    at all mean that the lesion is a neoplasm.)

    10. CYST KISTA

    Efloresensi sekunder
    1. SCALE / skuama
    Scale consists of flakes or plates that represent compacted
    desquamated layers of stratum corneum. Desquamation occurs
    when there are peeling sheets of scale following acute injury to
    the skin.

    2. CRUST KRUSTA
    Crusting is the result of the drying of plasma or exudate on the skin.
    Please remember that crusting is different from scaling. The two
    terms refer to different phenomena and are not interchangeable. One
    can usually be distinguished from the other by appearance alone.

    3. EROSION
    Erosions are slightly depressed areas of skin in which part or all of
    the epidermis has been lost.

    4. EKSKORIASI

    5. FISSURE -- RHAGADE
    A fissure is linear cleavage of skin which extends into the dermis.

    SUSUNAN LESI
    1. LINEAR LESIONS
    Linear lesions occur in a line or band-like configuration. This
    descriptive term may apply to a wide variety of disorders. (One
    should be certain that the lesions are not following a dermatome.)

    32. KOEBNER PHENOMENON


    The Koebner phenomenon, also called the isomorphic response,
    refers to the appearance of lesions along a site of injury. This
    phenomenon is seen in a variety of conditions; for example,
    lichen planus, warts, molluscum contagiosum, psoriasis, lichen
    nitidus, and the systemic form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

    30. GUTTATE
    Guttate lesions look as though someone took a dropper and
    dropped this lesion on the skin. Guttate lesions are characteristic of
    one form of psoriasis, though that is not the only example.

    25. DISCRETE
    Discrete lesions tend to remain separate. This is a helpful descriptive
    term but has little specific diagnostic significance.

    24. ANNULAR
    Annular lesions are seen in a ring shape. Tinea corporis, erythema
    migrans (the lesion associated with lyme disease), and granuloma
    annulare are three common examples.

    27. CONFLUENT
    Confluent lesions tend to run together.

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