Solar System and Solar Electricity: Subject Code: EC 38106
Solar System and Solar Electricity: Subject Code: EC 38106
Solar System and Solar Electricity: Subject Code: EC 38106
Electricity
SSSSE
Subject code : EC 38106
UNITS
UNIT 1 : Introduction to Energy
Sources.
UNIT 2 : Solar Energy.
UNIT 3 : Solar PV Panel.
UNIT 4 : Design of Solar Module.
UNIT 5 : Solar Electric Power and
Government role.
Solar Energy.
1. Earths Geometry.
2. Earth-SUN Details.
3. Solar Energy.
Solar Energy.
Concept of Imaginary lines and
Reference Imaginary Lines.
Concept of Heat Zones of the Earth.
Earths Axis and its tilting Angle.
Types of Motion of Earth
Some facts on the Sun and its
Energy.
Longitudes or Meridians
Prime Meridian.
Eastern Hemisphere.
Western Hemisphere.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Characteristics of Latitudes
1.
2.
3.
Characteristics of
Latitudes
4. The latitudes are circles, which becomes smaller as on moves pole
wards.
5. The Equator is the biggest circle, while the north pole and the
south pole are point circle.
6. The Equator which is the biggest circle is equal to the
circumference of the Earth.
7. The total number of lines of latitudes are equal to 181.
Important Lines of
Latitudes.
3. The Tropic of Capricorn lies to the south of Equator
0
and makes an angle of 23.5 S.
4. The Arctic Circle lies 66.50 N. i.e. North of Equator.
0
Longitudes or Meridians
1. Latitude along cannot locate a place in the
globe.
2. Intersection of latitudes with another set of lines
running from north-south solves the problem!
3. Vertical lines are drawn on the globe from the
North Pole to the South Pole interesting the lines
of latitude.
4. These lines are also called Meridians which is a
Latin word meaning midday.
Longitudes or Meridians
5. Longitude is angular distance of a place from the
centre of the Earth in East or West direction of
the Prime Meridian.
6. The Prime Meridian (Greenwich Meridian)
passes through Greenwich, London, is used as
the zero line from which measurements are made
in degree East and West.
7. It indicates their position in the Eastern or
Western Hemisphere.
Characteristic features of
Longitudes
Characteristic features of
Longitudes
1.
Important Lines of
Longitudes
o
2.
2.
1. There are two temperate Zones on the earth. The North temperate
Zone extends between the Tropic of Cancer 231/20 N and the Arctic
Circle 661/20 N, Tropic of Capricorn 231/20 S and the Antarctic Circle
661/20 S.
2. This zone receives slanting rays of the Sun throughout the year and
therefore is the region of moderate climate; neither too hot nor too cold.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Electromagnetic Radiation
EM is Described in terms of Wavelength or Frequency
Wavelength distance between successive crests or
troughs in km, m, cm, mm
Frequency # {wave crest / time (1sec)} cycles/sec or
Hertz (Hz)
The longer the Wavelength () the lower the frequency
Frequency is inversely proportional to , so higher the
frequency the shorter the wavelength ()
EM Radiation
EM Travel through space
EM In a vacuum travel at the speed of light
EM Passes through liquids, solids, gases
EM radiation can be reflected, refracted
when crossing different mediums, as well as
absorbed
Radiation Laws
Perfect radiator- blackbody
Blackbody- at a constant temperature absorbs ALL
radiation that is incident on it and EMITS all radiant
energy it absorbs
All known objects emit and absorb all forms of EM
radiation
Infra-red Radiation
Turbidity
However,
because
ground
reflected
A. Reflected by atmosphere
: 06%.
B. Reflected by Clouds
: 20%.
1. Absorbed by Atmosphere
: 16 %.
2. Absorbed by clouds
: 03 %.
Diameter
Volume
Mass
about 15 x106 K
6000 K
Energy radiation
3.8 x1026 W.
1.7x1018 W.
Solar energy
Solar radiation is relatively constant outside the earth's
atmosphere.
Local climate influences can cause wide variations in
available radiation on the earths surface from site to site.
(Note :Atmosphere condition can reduce direct bean
radiation on clear day by 10%).
Relative motion of the sun with respect to the earth
will allow surfaces with different orientations to intercept
different amounts of solar energy.
SUNs ENERGY
(albedo),
An
elementary
particle
that
is
the
carrier
of
Generally
available
from
government
owned
Solar Energy
Solar energy can be used through two different
routes, namely,
Solar Thermal Energy and
Solar Electric Energy (Solar Photovoltaic).
(Photo (Light) +Voltaic (Produces voltage) =
Photovoltaic system)
Solar Power
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP): systems
are based on a series of mirrors or reflectors
that focus the sunlight into a central photo
receptor
These systems tend to be very large and
produce hundreds of megawatts of power.
Australia will invest $320 million to construct
the worlds largest solar power plant
The plant, which will be built in Victoria
state, will have a capacity of 154 megawatts
and will be built over the next several years,
with a completion date set for 2013
Parabolic Trough
In 1995 Solar One was converted into Solar Two, by adding a second ring
of 108 larger 95 m (1,000 ft) heliostats around the existing Solar One,
totaling 1926 heliostats with a total area of 82,750 m (891,000 ft)
Solar Dish
Stirling Energy Systems solar dish technology is the worlds most efficient
device for the conversion of solar energy to grid-delivered electricity,
nearly twice as efficient as any alternative solar technology.
Plant Locations
Solar Collector
Solar Thermal is a clean, highly efficient
means of using renewable energy from
the sun to provide hot water for
domestic, commercial and industrial
process . Put in simple terms, if you
place a container full of liquid in the
garden on a sunny day, in a short time
the contents of the container become
warm. Solar Collectors work in much the
same way, but are very more efficient.