Welding Terms & Definitions
Welding Terms & Definitions
Welding Terms & Definitions
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Face of weld - The exposed surface of a weld on the side from which
welding was done.
Ferrite Number - an arbitary, standardized value designating the ferrite
content of an austenitic stainless steel weld metal. It should be used in
place of percent ferrite or volume percent ferrite on a direct one to one
placement basis. See the latest edition of AWS A4.2, Standard
procedures for calibrating Magnetic Instruments to measure the delta
Ferrite content of austenitic stainless steel weld metal.
Filler metal - Metal to be added in making a weld.
Fillet weld - a weld of approximately triangular cross section joining two
surfaces approximately at right angles to each other in a lap joint, tee
joint,or corner joint.
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Full fillet weld - a fillet weld whose size is equal to the thickness of the
thinner member joined.
Fused spray deposit (thermal spraying) - a self-fluxing spray deposit
which is subsequently heated to coalesc suence within itself and with the
substrate.
Fusion - The meelting together of filler metal and base metal, or of base
metal only, which results in coalaescence.
Fusion line - In a weldment, the interface between weld metal and base
metal, or between base metal parts when filler metal is not used (also
called bond line).
Gas backing - see backing gas.
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Heat affected zone - that portion of the base metal which has not been
melted, but whose mechanical properties or microstructures have been
altered by the heat of welding or cutting
Induction welding (IW) - a welding process which produces
coalescence of metals through the heat obtained from resistance of the
work to induced electric current, with or without the application of
pressure.
Inertia and continuous drive friction welding - processes and types of
friction welding (solid state welding process) wherein coalescence is
produced after heating is obtained from mechanically induced sliding
motion between rubbing surfaces held together under pressure.
Inertia welding utilizes all of the kinetic energy stored in a revolving
flywheel spindle system. Continuous drive friction welding utilizes the
energy provided by a continuous drive source such as an electric or
hydraulic motor.
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Joint Penetration - the minimum depth a groove weld extends from its
face into a joint, exclusive of reinforcement.
Keyhole - a technique of welding in which a concentrated that source
penetrates completely through a workpiece, forming a hole at the leading
edge of the molten weld metal. as the heat source progresses, the
molten metal fills in behind the hole to form the weld bead.
Lap joint - a joint between two overlapping members.
Laser Beam Welding (LBW) - a welding process which produces
coalescence of materials with the heat obtained from the application of a
concentrated coherent light beam impinging upon the members to be
joined.
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Plug weld - a circular weld made through a hole in one member of a lap or
tee joint, joining that member to the other. The walls of the hole may or
may not be parellel, and the hole may be partially or completely filled with
weld metal. (A fillet-welded hole or a spot weld should not be construed
as conforming to this definition.)
Post heating - the application of heat to a weld or weldment subsequent
to a welding or cutting operation.
Postweld heat treatment - any heat treatment subsequent to welding.
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Pulsed power welding - any arc welding method in which the power is
cyclically programmed to pulse so that effective but shot duration values
of a parameter can be utilized. Such short duration values are
significantly different from the average value of the parameter.
Equivalant terms are pulsed voltage or pulsed current welding. (see also
pulsed spray welding)
Pulsed spray welding - an arc welding method in which the current is
pulsed to utilize the advantages of the spray mode of metal transfer at
average currents equal to or less than the globulat to spray transition
current.
Reinforcement of weld - weld metal on the face or root of a groove weld
in excess of the metal necessary for the specified weld size.
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Single-welded lap joint - a lap joint in which the overlapped edges of the
members to be joined are welded along the edge of one member.Size of
weld
Groove weld - The joint penetration (depth of chamfering plus the root
penetration when specified)
Fillet weld: for equal leg fillet welds - the leg lengths of the largest
isosceles right triangle which can be inscribed within the fillet weld cross
section.
Fillet weld: for unequal leg fillet welds - the leg lengths of the largest
right triangle which can be inscribed within the fillet-weld cross section.
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Undercut - a groove melted into the base metal adjacent to the toe or root
of a weld and left unfilled by weld metal.
Upper transformation temperature - the temperature at which
transformation of the ferrite to austenite is completed during heating.
Weave bead - a type of weld bead made with transverse oscillation.
Weld - a localized coalescence of metal produced either by heating the
materials to suitable temperatures, with or without the application of
pressure; or by the application of pressurealone, and with or without the
use of filler material.
Weld bead - a weld deposit resulting from a pass. (see stringer bead and
weave bead)
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Weld metal - that portion of a weld which has been melted during
welding.
Weld metal overlay - one or more layers of weld metal on the surface of
a base metal to obtain desired properties and/or dimensions.
Welder - one who performs a manual or semiautomatic welding
operation.
Welding operator - one who operates machine or automatic welding
equipment.
Weldment - An assembly whose constituent parts are joined by welding,
or parts which contain weld metal overlay.
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