MODULE I

Pre-Mid
Introduction
Elements of arts
Methods of Arts Presentation
MODULE II
Midterm
Principles of Arts
Drawing, Painting, Printmaking
Sculpture
MODULE III
Pre-Final
Architecture
Art Criticism
Theatre
MODULE IV
Final
World of Music
Dance

REFERENCE MATERIALS
Ariola, Mariano M. Introduction to Art Appreciation, C&E
Publishing, Inc. 2008
Mitler,
Gene
C.
Understanding
Art.
California
Macmillan/McGraw Hill Publishing Company, 1992.
Chapman, Laura H. Art Images and Ideas. USA, Davis
Publications, Inc. 1992.
Sanchez, Custodio A. Introduction to the Humanities.
Philippines: Rex Book Store, 1998.
Zulueta, Francisco M. The Humanities, National Book Store
Philippines, 2003.
Aguilar, Marlene (2002). Encyclopedia of Phil. Art. Jamyco
Publishing Hous
Duldulao, Manuel D. Twentieth Century Filipino
Artists. Reyes Publishing Incorporation. (1993).
Internet @ Encarta

VALUES COMPETENCIES
Appreciation of a certain art work..
Creativity in performing an art work.
Patience
and
perseverance
in
undergoing all activities.
Willingness to participate in school
activities that involve art.

Module 1

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners must be
able to:
Define and recognize the elements and methods
of presenting the art subjects and art grouping,
Apply colors according to color harmonies
Make an abstract design experimenting with the
elements of art.
Draw an object using realism as the method
Discuss the elements of art
Apply colors according to color harmonies and,
Come up with designs using realism and
abstraction as methods

The Meaning and Importance of

Arts

1. The term humanities is derived from the

Latin word humanus
meaning human,
cultured and refined what humanities believes is
that
man should be humanized,
socialized and educated to respond positively
and rapid changes.
2. Art is derived from the Latin word ars
meaning ability or skill. Art
embraces the
visual arts, literature, music and dance.
3. Art, like love, is very important in our lives as
it is concerned with the
communication of
certain ideas and feelings by means of a sensuous
medium-color, sound, bronze, marble, words,
film, and literature.
4. All arts have functions for people since they
satisfy a particular need for
them.

The Meaning and Importance of

Arts
5. Visual arts, or space arts are those
that we perceive with our eye and
which occupy space.
6. Auditory or time arts are those that
can be heard and are expressed in
time.
7. Combined arts are those that can
be both seen and heard and these
exist in both space and time.

The Nature of Art

Art is very important in our lives. All
the art that we see or hear have a
purpose as well as expression. We
can communicate through paintings,
songs, dances, and dramatic plays to
highlight and heighten the
importance of certain events and to
keep them memorable and
pleasurable.

A Work of Art
A work of art is an activity that involves both imagination
and skill in accomplishing it. It creates aesthetic feelings or
experiences, which delight and satisfy our desire for
beautiful things. It is great when the aesthetic experiences
it creates uplifts us and stays vividly in our minds. Much
more, a work of art is presented in beautiful language,
interesting to read and arouses emotional response.
According to Bogart, a work of art is a record of the artists
unique personality influenced consciously or unconsciously
by factors such as: his environment , traditions, national
traits, religious beliefs, economic conditions, his ideals or
even the climate and geography. A work of art represents
or reflects the individual, the character or the period and
the place it is produced.

Art Appreciation is the ability to

interpret or understand man-made
arts and enjoy them either through
actual and work experience with art
tools and materials or possession of
these works of art for ones
admiration and satisfaction. Art
appreciation therefore deals with
learning or understanding and
creating arts and enjoying them

The Artists in the World of Art

1. The visual arts- include the painter, the
architect and the sculptor. The painter paints
pictures and objects from his own imagination.
He says I think I see. The sculptor draws and
carves from original designs and sketches. He
makes scale model of clay. The architect on the
other hand, plans, designs and constructs public
and commercial buildings, private residences,
theaters, factories, schools and similar structures.
The landscape architect works with lawns, plat
roads and levels of road and bridges, hills and
valleys. Other artists in the visual arts are the
photographers, filmmakers and graphic artists.
Things such as clothes, appliances, furnishings of
homes and schools and buildings are additional
forms of visual arts.

The Artists in the World of Art

2. Music and Dance in the art of music
the artists are the musicians, the singers,
and the composers. The musician is an
artist who is called by other names such
as composer, pianist, violist, flutist,
Harper, trumpeter, bugler and drummer.
He may be a music leader, bandmaster,
choirmaster, concertmaster or song leader.
The choreographer is an artist who
composes or teaches choreography. The
dancer is an artist who moves his body
artistically.

The Artists in the World of Art

3.The literary Artists
The artists in literature are
known as poets, novelists, writers or
authors, playwrights and dramatists. The
poet is a literary artist who puts words
aesthetically together in verse form. The
novelist is a writer of fiction with
originality. He is also known as a writer
of stories. The author is also known as a
writer. The playwright writes plays and
adapts his materials for the stage, radio,
television or motion pictures production.

Major arts include painting,

architecture, sculpture, literature,
music and dance. Minor arts include
the decorative arts, the graphic arts,
and industrial arts.

Grouping of Arts
1.Visual Arts
These art works are perceived by our eyes
which may be classified into graphic arts
and plastic arts.
a. Graphic arts they have flat twodimensional surface such as painting,
drawing, photography and other products
of the printing industry. It covers the
commercial arts like the design of books,
advertisements, signs, posters and other
displays for advertisements.

Graphic arts

b.

Grouping
of
Arts
Plastic Arts- these are visual arts which have three-

dimensional
forms.
Under this grouping are:
architectural designs and construction of buildings and
other structures:
landscapes of gardens, parks,
playgrounds, and golf courses with plants, trees and
vines, interior design for convenience and beauty which
include the furnishings accessories, the door, ceiling and
wall paper or paint; ant the textiles for curtains and
upholstery; sculpture which produces objects and images
out of stones, wood, clay; metal or ivory; crafts or the
designing and making of objects such as jewelry,
ceramics, leather-works, and weaving. Industrial arts
which involve specialized skill in making industrial designs
of automobiles and household appliances; the design of
clothing apparel such as dresses, coats, suits, ties, shoes,
bags; and design for stage production

Plastic arts

Grouping of Arts
2. Performing Arts
These include theatre, play, dance and
music. They involve movement, speaking
and gestures.
3. Literary Arts
These include the short stories,
novels, poetry and dramas.
4. Popular Arts
These include the film, newspaper,
magazine, radio and TV. This group is
characterized as gay and lively.

Performing arts

Literary arts

Popular arts

Grouping of Arts
5. Gustatory Art
This involves skill in food
preparation.
6. Decorative Arts
They are visual objects produced for
beautifying houses, offices, cars and
other structures. They are also called
applied arts.

Gustatory art

Decorative arts

The Elements of Arts

Art is a powerful language. Through
it, artists communicate thoughts,
ideas, and feelings. Like most
languages, the language of art has
its own special vocabulary. It is
made up of visual elements. The
elements of arts include: color, line,
texture, perspective, space, form
and volume.

COLOR is the decorative element in

art. It refers not only to hue but also
to value, which means the amount of
white or black in the hue and
interesting or brightness. Have you
ever noticed it is harder to see colors
when the light is dim? Color relies on
light. In fact, color is what the eyes
see when light is reflected off an object

Color has three properties, or traits

These are:
Hue. Hue is the name of a color, such as
red, blue, or yellow. Hues are arranged in
a circular format on a color wheel.
Value. Value is the lightness or darkness
of a hue. The value of a hue can be
changed by adding white or black.
Intensity. Intensity is the brightness or
dullness of a hue. Pure hues are highintensity colors. Dull hues are lowintensity colors.

SYMBOLISM OF COLORS
BLACK- is the darkest and dullest of the colors. It
is only considered a color when mixed with other
colors. It suggests despair, gloom, death and
mourning, conceitedness and selfishness.
BLUE- is the color of the sky and of the deep
water. It gives the impression of vastness, and
infinity. It is a symbol of tranquility, calmness,
and peace. It is the coolest color.
GRAY- is the combination of black and white. It
gives the impression of weight, solidity, and
neutrality.

SYMBOLISM OF COLORS
GREEN- is the color of still water and
vegetation. It is a symbol of growth,
freshness, abundance and hope.
ORANGE- is a combination of red and
white and symbolizes love. It is the color
of flame.
RED- is a basic color. It typifies fire, blood,
danger, festivity, bravery, war, passionate
love, energy, and warmth. It is the
warmest color.

SYMBOLISM OF COLORS
VIOLET- is a mixture of red and blue. It
suggests shadows, mourning, penance,
royalty, authority and power.
WHITE- when taken independently is not
considered a color. It is the lightest of all
colors. It symbolizes simplicity, clarity,
purity, and peace.
YELLOW- is the color of light. This is the
color that is often mistaken as a color of
jealousy. It symbolizes life, joy, sunshine,
cheerfulness, warmth, splendor and
hospitality. It is the most brilliant color.

SYMBOLISM OF COLORS
YELLOW- GREEN- is the kind of color
which is hurting to the eyes and
which makes one appear darker. It is
the symbol of jealousy and hatred.
BROWN- is a mixture of red and a
little green. It is said to be the safest
color for all. It suggests humility and
confidence.

Kinds of Hues
1.

Primary Hues (Red, Yellow, and Blue)

These are the basic or fundamental colors from
which all other hues can be made.
2. Secondary Hues (Green, Violet, and Orange)
Or the binaries result of combining any two
colors in equal proportions or amounts.
3. Intermediate Hues (YO, RO, RV, BV, BG, and
YG)
These can be produced by combining in equal
measure a primary hue and a secondary hue.

Kinds of Hues
4. Tertiary Hue (OV, VO, OG)
These can be produced by
combining in equal mixture any two
secondary hues.
5. Quaternary Hues (BVOC
These can be produced by mixing
any 2 tertiary colors in equal
amount.

Prang color chart is composed of 12

colors divided into three primary, three
secondary and 6 intermediate colors.
Primary HuesBlue, Red, and
Yellow
Secondary Hues- Green, Violet and
Orange
Intermediate Hues - Blue- Violet,
Red-Violet, Red Orange, YellowOrange, Yellow
Green and Blue
Green

Primary Hues

Primary Hues

Color Wheel (by Prang)

Color Wheel (by Prang)

color schemes
Monochromatic color scheme. This scheme
uses different values of a single hue. For
example, dark green, medium green, and light
green make a monochromatic scheme.
Analogous color scheme. This scheme uses
colors that are side by side on the color wheel
and share a hue.
Warm or cool color scheme. Warm color
schemes- with red, yellow, and orange colorsremind us of the sun and warmth. Artists use
blue, green, and violet-cool color schemes to
make us think of cool items such as ice or grass.

Cool colors

Warm hues

Color Harmony
Color Harmony- refers to combination of colors
that blend together well. When one decides which
color of bag matches with ones dress or which
shoes to wear with certain pants, he or she is
deciding on a color harmony.
A.
Complementary Harmony is the
combination of 2 opposite colors in the color chart
together with their values and intensities.
B. Double Complementary
- is achieved by
combining of adjacent colors in the color chart
with their complements.

Color Harmony
C. Split- Complementary Harmony 3 colors
together with their values and
intensities are involved.
D. Double Split-Complementary Harmony this
is the combination of any
two sets of split complementary that lie directly,
opposite each other.
E. Triads are said to be the richest of the
harmonies. In the harmony 3 colors together
with their values and intensities are used. It is
three equi-distant point on the color wheel.
Example is the primary triad.

Split- Complementary Harmony

Double split complementary

Secondary triad

1. Create a color wheel and indicate

the color harmonies starting with
color RED.
complementary
double complementary
split complementary
double split complementary
triad
analogous

Activity 1 Coloring and Drawing

2.
Draw your own designs and apply
colors according to what you have learned
about the concept on:
a. complementary
b. double complementary
c. split complementary
d. double split complementary
e. triad
f. analogous
Indicate the kind of harmony used under
each drawing

LINE
Line is an element of art, which is
the path of moving, pointing thou
space or the trace of a moving point.
You can draw lines on paper or
scratch a line in wet clay with a tool.
Lines
can
be
seen
in
your
environment, such as web of a spider
or the railing on a stair.

MAIN KINDS OF LINES

Horizontal Lines- are lines which
run parallel to the ground, appear to
be at rest, and lines of repose and
serenity. They express ideas of
calmness and quiescence. Horizontal
lines are found in reclining persons,
in landscapes, calm bodies of water
and in the distant meeting of the
earth and sky in what is commonly
called the horizon.

MAIN KINDS OF LINES

Vertical Lines- are lines that run up and
down seem to show dignity, formality and
strength, stability and majesty. They are
poised, balanced, forceful, and dynamic. e.g.
A man standing straight, a tall tree, statues of
saints and heroes give an impression of
dignity.
Diagonal
Linessuggest
action
and
movement. They give animation to any
composition in which they appear. e.g. A
running person makes a diagonal line with his
body and legs. The degree of action is shown
by the angle of the diagonal.

MAIN KINDS OF LINES

Curved Lines- suggest movement,
flexibility, joyousness and grace. They
are never harsh or stern since they are
formed by a gradual change in
direction. Curved lines are concave,
convex, spiral and scroll. Curved Lines
express movement in a graceful ,
flowing way
Curved lines (such as scroll, S-lines)
express continuity. Spiral lines suggest
fascination.

concave

Convex

Spiral

Scroll

Vertical lines

Diagonal lines

Horizontal lines

PERSPECTIVE
Perspective deals with the effect of
distance upon the appearance of objects,
by means of which the eye judges spatial
relationships. Kinds of perspective are
aerial and linear. Aerial perspective
means that objects become fainter in the
distance due to the effect of the
atmosphere. Linear perspective means
that objects become smaller as they
recede into the distance.

Aerial Perspective

Linear Perspective

Linear perspective

Linear perspective

Linear perspective

Activity 2 Drawing and Coloring

Draw objects :
1. at eye level
2. above eye level
3. below eye level and apply
appropriate colors.

SHAPE AND FORM

Every object- a cloud, a house, a
pebble has a shape. Shape is an
element of art that refers to an area
clearly set off by one or more of the
other elements of art. Shapes are
limited to two dimensions-length and
width.

two classes of shapes

Geometric shapes look as though they
were made with a ruler or drawing tool.
The square, the circle, the triangle, the
rectangle, and the oval are the 5 basic
geometric shapes.
Organic is called free form. Shapes are
not regular by even. Their outlines may
be curved or angular, or they may be a
combination of both, to make free-form
shapes. Organic shapes, such as clouds
and pebbles, are usually found in nature.

Organic Shapes

Form
Form applies to the over all design
of a work of art. Closed form is when
the elements of a painting are
contained with in the frame and lead
the eyes back into the picture. Open
form if facts of figures are to cut of
by frame and we feel that the action
extends out of the picture.

SPACE / VOLUME
All objects take up space. Space is an
element of art that refers to the distance
between, around, above, below, and
within things. In both two-and threedimensional works of art, the shapes or
forms are called the positive area. The
empty spaces between the shapes are
called negative spaces. Volume means
solidity or thickness. It refers to the
amount of space occupied in 3 dimensions.

TEXTURE
Texture is an element of art that
refers to the way things feel, or look
as though they might feel, if
touched. It has to do with the
characteristics of surfaces which can
be rough or smooth, fine or coarse,
shiny or dull, plain or irregular. It is
best appreciated when an object is
felt with the hands.

METHODS OF PRESENTING THE

ART SUBJECTS
Realism is the attempt to portray
the subject as it is. It started in
France in the mid 1800s. It is a style
of art in which everyday scenes and
events are printed as they actually
look. Realists render the exact details
and distortions of a particular object.
The presentation and organization of
details in the art work seem natural.

realism

Gustave Courbet, "Grotto of the Loue", 1864

"Couple in Bed", 1998, Oil on canvas

170cm X 140cm, private collection
By: Raphael Perez

METHODS OF PRESENTING THE

ART SUBJECTS

Abstraction is a work in which the artist used a recognizable

subject that portrays it in an unrealistic manner. Abstractionists
used bright colors, varied brushstrokes and designs with simplified
or rearranged elements.
Ways:
Distortion this is clearly manifested when the subject is in
misshapen condition.
Elongation it refers to that which is being lengthened, a
protraction or an extension.
Mangling this may not be a commonly used way of presenting
an abstract subject, but there are few artists who show
subjects or objects which are cut, lacerated, mutilated or
hacked with repeated blows.
Cubism it stresses abstract form thru the use of a cone,
cylinder, or sphere. It is style in which objects are shown from
several angles at once. (founder Pablo Picasso)

distortion

distortion

abstract

"The Spirit of Reconnection"

Encaustic on Birchwood Panel, 12"h x 24"w, 2009

Abstract expressionism

Willem De Kooning, Woman V, 19521953. De Kooning's series of

Woman paintings in the early 1950s caused a stir in the
New York City avant-garde circle.

Abstract distortion

Trapped With a Drunk

John Stidham

elongation

mangling

Abstract distortion

Abstract

Suicide

Suicide

cubism

Picasso's cubism

masks

METHODS OF PRESENTING THE

ART SUBJECTS
Symbolism - is the symbol of an
image for a quality or an idea. It is a
visible of something invisible such as
an idea or quality. It can be simply
an emblem or sign like: % to
represent percent, a lion to represent
courage, a lamb to represent
meekness.

METHODS OF PRESENTING THE

ART SUBJECTS
Fauvism the first important art
movement of the 1900s. Henry Matisse
led the movement. He chose colors that
communicate a joyous or happy mood.
The artists goal was to express their
feelings through sharply contrasting
colors and heavy outlines. Most of the
artists try to paint pictures of comfort,
joy and pleasure. They used extremely
bright colors. To a fauve, for example, a
tree trunk need not be brown but it could
be red or other colors.

Fauvism

by Henri Matisse

Fauvism

by Henri Matisse

Fauvism

by Henri Matisse

METHODS OF PRESENTING THE

ART SUBJECTS
Dadaism a protest movement in the arts was
formed in 1916 by a group of artists and poets in
Zurich, Switzerland. The dadaist reacted to what
they believed were outworn traditions in art and
the evils they saw in society. They tried to shock
and provoke the writing, poetry, recitals and art
exhibitions. Much dada art was deliberately
chooses because it was nonsensical. Best known
dadaist was the French artist Marcel Duchamp.
The name dada , French word meaning hobby
horse, was deliberately chosen because it was
nonsensical.

Dadaism

Dadaism

Dadaism

METHODS OF PRESENTING THE

ART SUBJECTS
Futurism - it developed in Italy. Futurist
painters wanted their works to capture the
speed and force of modern industrial
society. Subjects included automobile,
motorcycles, and railroad trains subject
vitality of a modern city. Subjects are
related to fantasy, the future and rapid
changes in life. Futurist painters wanted
their works to capture the speed and force
of modern industrial society.

Futurism

Futurism

METHODS OF PRESENTING THE

ART SUBJECTS
Surrealism this movement was
developed in Paris in 1924 by the French
poet Andre Breton. Surrealism uses art as
a weapon against the evils and restrictions
in society. It tries to reveal a new and
higher reality that that of daily life.
Dream-like images are portrayed as if you
could actually see them. This movement
(was influenced) emphasizes the activities
of the subconscious state of the mind.

METHODS OF PRESENTING THE

ART SUBJECTS
Expressionism a style that emphasized
the expression of innermost feelings. The
expressionists ignored the rules of art.
They had the strength to experiment with,
to exaggerated to change, the proportions
of figures. The artists here use brilliant
clashing colors and sharp, twisted shapes.
Van Gogh painted the Starry Night which
depicts his violence and which is the
feature of expressionism.

Expressionism

Expressionism

Expressionism

METHODS OF PRESENTING THE

ART SUBJECTS
Impressionism- portrays the effects pf
experiences upon the consciousness of
the artist and the audience. The artist is
characterized as one concerned more
with the technique of suggesting light
and color to the picture than with the
subject matter.
Leaders of this
movement included Claude Monet who
portrayed landscapes depicting sunlight
playing on water. On the whole, the
Impressionist
shows
features
of
vagueness fleeting and transitory.

Impressionism

Impressionism

Activity 3 Drawing and Coloring

Still Life Drawing
Still Life drawing means drawing
the subjects that are not alive such as
tables, fruits, flower vase etc.
Come up with a still life drawing
of a subject of your choice. Sketch the
outlines first for harmony and
proportion then use crayons for color.

Module 11
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners must be
able to:
Identify the principles of arts .
Name the ways in which drawing, painting and
printmaking media are used in art.
Explain the basic methods of printmaking and
sculpting.
Sketch designs according to subjects and
methods.
Undergo sculpting activities such as: carving,
modeling etc.

THE PRINCIPLES OF ART

Proportion is the principle of art
concerned with the relationship of
one part to another and to the
whole.
The principle of proportion is not
limited to size. Elements such as
color can be used in differing
proportions to create emphasis.

THE PRINCIPLES OF ART

Movement is the principle of art
used to create the look and feeling of
action and to guide a viewers eye
throughout the work of art. Artists
use the principle of movement to
lead the viewers eyes throughout
the work.

MOVEMENT

THE PRINCIPLES OF ART

Rhythm is the principle of art
concerned with repeating an element
to make a work seem active to
suggest vibration.
Sometimes to create rhythm, an artist
will repeat not just elements but also
the same exact objects over and over.
When this is done, a pattern is formed

RHYTHM

DRAWING
Drawing is the art of representing
something by lines mode on a surface or
the process of portraying an art object.
If you have scribbled with a pen or
pencil, you have used drawing media.
Pen, pencil, charcoal, and chalk are some
of the media used to draw. Artists used
drawing for different purposes. One is to
create finished works of art.

drawing

Activity 1 Drawing and Coloring

1.

Face Sketch
One subject of interest for drawing and
painting is a persons face. There are different
shapes of peoples faces. There are oval, round,
square and triangle too. Eve, the shape of the
nose, the eyes, the mouth differ also.
Observe the faces of your family. Try to make a
sketch of the faces of your:

father
mother
brother
sister

Begin by drawing the outline form.

Painting
Painting a process of applying pigment
to a surface to secure effects involving
forms and colors. Pigments, Binder and
Solvent
Before a painter begins a work, he or she
chooses a type of paint and an appropriate
surface on which to work. Canvas, paper,
or fabric are three surface materials that
painters use.

three basic parts of paint

Pigment is a finely ground colored
powder that gives every paint its color.
Binder- is a liquid that holds together the
grains of pigment. The binder is what
makes the pigment stick to a surface.
Solvent- is a material used to thin a
paints binder. The thickness or thinness
of a paint depends on the amount of
solvent used. Turpentine is the solvent in
watercolors.

Painting Media
Watercolor. Watercolor as a medium is difficult
to handle because it is difficult to produce warm
and rich tones but it invites brilliance and a
variety of hues. Simple and clear spontaneity is
its principal essence.
Fresco. Fresco is painting on a moist plaster
surface with colors ground in water or a
limewater mixture. The colors dry into plaster,
and the picture becomes a part of the wall.
Fresco must be done quickly because it is an
exacting medium- the moment the paint is
applied to the surface, it becomes an integral part
of the wall.

Painting Media
Tempera. Tempera paints are mineral pigments
mixed with egg yolk or egg white and ore. They
are often used as binder due to its film forming
properties and rapid drying rate and corrections
are difficult to make. It is more deliberate and
technique than oil because it does not possess
the flexibility of oil.
Pastel. It is a stick of dried paste made of
pigment round with chalk and compounded with
gum water. Its colors are luminous, and it is a
very flexible medium.

Painting Media
Encaustic. This is one of the early
mediums used by the Egyptians for
the painted portrait on mummy
cases. This is done by painting with
wax colors fixed with heat. Painting
with wax produces luster and
radiance in the subject making them
appear at their best in portraits.
Oil.

Subjects in Painting
Landscape / Cityscape / Seascape
Still Life (examples: flower, table, fan etc.)
Portrait (faces)
Figure
History and Legend
Religion and Mythology
Dreams and Fantasy
Animals
Everyday Life (examples: planting rice, washing
clothes, feeding the chicken, cleaning etc,)

Everyday life

Everyday life

Everyday life

animal

figure

figure

animal

portrait

portrait

figure

figure

Still life

mythology

religion

Portrait

legend

history

fantasy

fantasy

fantasy

landscape

landscape

City scape

Seascape

Seascape

Activity 2 Painting
Note: Use an illustration board or a
bond paper in each painting.
Using a brush and water color / oil
paint, come up with paintings on the
nine (9) subjects using any of the
methods of presenting the arts such
as Realism, Abstraction etc. Put
a title to your artwork and be ready
to discuss it with your instructor.

Printmaking
Printmaking is a technique in which an
image from a prepared surface is transferred
into another surface such as paper or fabric
Printmaking Methods. There are four main
methods of making prints. These are:
Relief printing the image to be printed is
raised from a background.
Intaglio the images to be printed in
scratched or etch into a surface.

Intaglio: image is etched into the surface, smeared

with ink (which sticks in the recessed areas), and
(using damp paper) put through a press. The ink is
transferred from the recessed areas to the paper.
Relief: Pretty much the opposite; the parts you
don't want are carved away, ink rolled on, and dry
paper pressed onto it. In layman's terms, it's a big
stamp.

In relief printing the image to be

transferred to paper (or other surface) is
raised above the surface of the printing
plate. Ink is applied to the raised surface
then rolled or stamped onto the substrate.
The relief printing process is similar to
using an inkpad and stamp such as
in rubberstamping.

Printmaking

Mount Fuji, from the Thirty-six

Views of Mount Fuji, color woodcut
by Katsushika Hokusai

David Driesbach

Relief Printing

Bite Studio

Intaglio

Amanda Fuller used watercolor in

this spectacular use of color and
value to create a mood.

Tina Edwards evokes the post

impressionist movement in this
oil painting. Note the wonderful
expressions on the subjects.

In relief printmaking, the matrix is a block of

wood or linoleum. Using knives and gouges, the
artist cuts away lines and areas. When the artist
rolls or dabs ink onto the block, the ink adheres
only to the surface, skipping over the cut-away
areas. Intaglio (from the Italian world to carve)
might be considered the reverse of relief printing.
The matrix in intaglio is a thin plate of metal
(usually zinc or copper), plexiglass, or any other
surface in which a line can be engraved. Each
intaglio process uses a different method of
creating permanent marks on the plate.

Etching is the process of using

strong acid or mordant to cut into the
unprotected parts of a metal surface to
create a design in intaglio in the metal
(the original processin modern
manufacturing other chemicals may be
used on other types of material). As
an intaglio method of printmaking, it is,
along with engraving, the most important
technique for old master prints, and
remains in wide use today.

Printmaking Methods
Lithography the art or process of
printmaking from a flat stone or metal
plate. To make a lithograph, the artist
draws image to be printed on a line
stone, zinc or aluminum slab with a
special greasy crayon.
Screen-Printing the artist transfers
the design through various processes on
a silk screen.

Lithography

First Kiss
BLOTTER ART PRINT

Offset lithography art print. 18 inches x

24 inches, printed on Classic Crest
Recycled Bright White 80lb cover stock.

No, they are not all the same, except in the fact
that
they
are printmaking
processes.
The
processes and final effects are totally different.
1) Relief printing: The design is cut into a block of
wood or linoleum, color is rolled over it, an
remained raised. The resulting image is reversed.
2) Lithography: The image is drawn d the
resulting image comes from the surfaces that on a
limestone slab (classically), the slab is treated so
the drawn parts attract ink and the rest doesn't,
and it is sent through a press. The resulting image
is reversed, but is a true image of the drawing on
the slab.

3) Intaglio: This is sort of the

opposite of relief printing: the ink is
pushed into the lines and pits and
wiped off the surface of the plate,
and the resulting image comes from
the ink in the engraved or etched
lines. The resulting image is
reversed.

SCULPTURE
Sculpture is art that is made to stand
out in space. It is the design & the
construction of three-dimensional forms
representing natural objects or imaginary
shapes. All sculpture is of one of two types,
freestanding
or
relief.
Freestanding
sculpture is sculpture surrounded on all
sides by space. It is meant to be seen
from all sides. Relief sculpture, on the
other hand, is sculpture only partly
enclosed by space. It is flat along the back
and is meant to be viewed only from the
front.

A sculpture is a three-dimensional
form made from clay, stone, metal,
and other material. Sculptures can
be large or small and some are
realistic.

Sculpture

Most associate chewing gum with youth and

playful recreation - Maurizio Savini's
sculpture takes that familiar flavor to a
more dramatic, even eerie place. Though it
probably smells somewhat nice.

A sculpture of a naked Paris Hilton, post autopsy and with

removable innards is being used in a Public Service
Announcement to deter prom-goers from drinking and
driving. The sculpture, created by Daniel Edwards. And yes,
just like in real life, both her precious dog, Tinkerbell, and
her cell phone are included in the sculpture.

Sculpting Methods
Carving is cutting or chipping a
form from a mass.
Often, stone or other hard materials
are used in carving.
Casting a melted-down metal or
other liquid substance is poured
into a mold to harden. Bronze is
materials often mold to harden.

Sculpting Methods
Modeling a soft or workable
material is built up & shaped.
Clay is the material used most often
in this sculpting method.
Assembling is gathering &
joining different kinds of materials.

http://thma01.yimg.com/nimage/4b867b73973
413c4

Activity 3 Sculpting
1. Carving
Carving is three-dimensional or made of relief. It
is three-dimensional when the finished work can
be seen from all angles. It is relief when it can
be viewed on one side only. Different materials
for carving can be used such as Perla soap, wax,
big candle and soft wood.
The subject for carving are as varied as those for
painting. It may be a simple house, a shop, a
fish, a fruit, a tooth, or a person. In carving, the
object is made by the process of cutting out or
subtracting parts from the material.

Carving

Pumpkin Carving

Fine Carving Wooden

Masterworks

Materials:

Perla Soap, knife and water colors

Procedure:
Sketch the object you wish to carve within the
area of the soap (or other materials). With a knife
cut out the parts outside the design. If properly
cut, the shape of the design will be exactly like
the original shape. Find out which parts should
be thinner or thicker. Cut little by little to reduce
the parts which should be made smaller. As the
cutting goes on, look at the figure from all angles
now and then.
When the cutting is finished, smoothen the
surface by scraping it little by little with the knife
or rub it with a piece of cotton. The finished
carving may be painted with watercolor or paint.

Activity 3 Sculpting
Modeling is an excellent means of selfexpression as well as of representation in
three-dimensional media.
Materials:
clay or soil
Procedure:
Take some clay . Flatten it on the table. Roll
the clay on flat surface until you form a coil.
Continue the coiling until the shape of the
object can be determined. Press and pinch
the sides until the desired shape is achieved
Modeling

Assignment: (45 points)

Do a research on the following
artists. Give a little background
about each of them and specify some
of their contributions to art history.
Paul Cezanne
Michelangelo Buonarroti
Leonardo da Vinci
Pablo Picasso
Henri Matisse
Vincent Van Gogh
Juan Luna
Fernando Amorsolo

Module 111
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners
must be able to:
Dig out differences of the architecture
according to periods and places.
Discuss the uses of architecture and
basic construction types.
Explain the four-step system of art
criticism.
Engage in art criticism.
Engage in acting.

ARCHITECTURE
Architecture is the planning and
creating of buildings. The success of
a work of it does the job it was
meant to do and partly by its
appearance. Architecture is defined
as the art and science of designing
and erecting buildings.

Architecture

Uses of Architecture
Structures for prayer. The
building of temples, churches, and
other houses of worship dates to the
dawn of history.
Structures for business. With the
spread of civilization in ancient times
came the need for places to carry on
business. In our own time that need
is often met by vertical creations
such as skyscrapers

Structures for prayer

According to the Chinese media reports, this is the world's tallest

stupa. Stupas are Buddhist structures that contain ancient religious
relics. Usually they look more like mounds, and are also very old.
Though this particular stupa has none of those two traits, it does
house a very special Buddhist relic: an actual finger bone to Siddhartha
Gautama, the founder of the religion.

Jubilee Church

Mosque

Paoay Church

Structures for business

Basic Construction Types

Post and Lintel consists of two vertical posts
for support (post) and a horizontal one (lintel). A
better known example of post-and-lintel
construction is the Parthenon in Athens, Greece.
It was built about 454-438 B.B. as temple of the
goddess Athena Parthenon. The post-and-lintel is
generally use d for wooden buildings.
Arch is an architectural form built from pieces
of wood called voussoirs with joints between
them and are arranged in a semi-circle . Since
stone can stand great pressure and is durable,
this method is typical for stone construction. The
dome is an extension of the principle of arch.

Post and Lintel

arch

Coliseum, Rome
Coffers - a sunken panel in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in
a ceiling or vault. A series of these sunken panels were used as decoration
for a ceiling or a vault, also called caissons, or lacunaria, while a coffered
ceiling was sometime called a lacunar.

Arch

The arch is probably on of the most important design discoveries dealing

with math. Its shape allows it to withstand a massive amount of weight
without crumbling. It must be meticulously built in order to not fracture
under stress. A lot of math is involved.

Cantilever-is any structural part projecting

horizontally and anchored at one end only. This
method of construction needs a beam with a
great strength that can be securely fastened at
the supported end. Steel is the best material
here. Other materials such as stone, wood and
concrete can also be used.
Architecture has three main qualities:
structure, texture and aspect. Structuredetermines how the structure reacts to the wind,
floods, water, movement etc. This is a reaction to
stress. Texture has to do with the roughness or
smoothness of the material. This should blend
with the internal structure of the building. Aspect
refers to particular colors and outside skin after
tooling.

Cantilever

The cantilever stone, which can be found just below the summit of
Glyder Fach (994m - roughly translated from Welsh as "Small pile of
boulders") in the Snowdonia National Park, NW Wales.

Activity 1
Discuss the development of
architecture of the following:
Roman Architecture
Greek Architecture
Modern Architecture
Philippine architecture
Give examples of art works and
indicate the artists.

Roman Architecture

Roman architecture. Roman

villa. Roman Forum Amphitheatre
Coliseum

Roman Temple.

Greek Architecture

Modern Architecture

Philippine architecture

ART CRITICISM
Art Criticism is studying,
understanding, and judging work of
art.
In carrying out their work, art
critiques often use a four-step
system. The four steps are
describing, analyzing, interpreting,
and judging.

Art Criticism

Describing the Work of Art

To describe an artwork, the critic must notes
certain key facts. These includes the following:
The size of the work, the medium, and the
process used. The credit line gives the viewer
information about the size of the work and the
medium used. It is also lists the process, such as
serigraph or woodcut.
The subject, object, and details. The subject
is the image viewers can easily identify in an art
of work. The subject answers the question What
do I see When I look at this work

Describing the Work of Art

The elements used in the work.
Line and color are two of the
elements of art that play an part of
this work.
In other words, the critic answers the
questions Who? Where? and
When?.

Analyzing an Art Work

Composition is the key word in analyzing an art
work. When we say composition, it is the way
the art principles are used to organize the art
elements of color, line, shape, for, space and
texture.
Style must be considered also in analyzing an
art work. Style is an artists personal way of using
the elements and principles of art and expressing
feelings and ideas in art. Two questions can be
asked by the critic here such as: What style did
the artist used? and Did the artist use the same
style in other works?

Interpreting an Art Work

The critic must focus on the content in
interpreting an art work. Content is the
message, idea or feeling expressed by an
art work. All critics may interpret an art
work differently according to their
individual feelings. The interpretation of an
art work will be based on ones personal
experiences and opinions. In interpreting
also, the critic needs to determine how
time and place may have affected the
artists style.

Judging an Art Work

To judge an work is to tell whether
the work succeeds. The critic will
answer
the question Is this a
successful work of art? The critic
needs to notes the arts place in
history. The critic decides whether
the work and the artist of it make an
important contribution to art.

Activity 2 Art Criticism

Study the paintings posted by the
teacher on the board. Do the art
criticism by following the four-step
system of:
describing
analyzing
interpreting and
judging.

Mona Lisa
Mona Lisa, 1503/06 by Leonardo da
Vinci,
Musee
de
Louvre,
Paris.
The mystery surrounding one of the most
famous paintings in the world stems from
the unknown identity of the sitter and the
fact that the artist is one of the most
famous artists of the Italian Renaissance.
Leonardo used a painting technique he
created called sfumato.

Mona Lisa

Edgar Degas

Rehearsal on the Stage

Paul Czanne

The House of Dr. Gachet

in Auvers

Vincent Van Gogh

Irises View of Arles with Irises

Francisco de Goya
The Parasol

The Scream
One of the most famous paintings known to the world is
Edvard Munchs The Scream. This work of art was first
created by Munch in 1893 and was first titled, The Scream
of Nature. Munch went on to recreate a series of this
painting however, using different materials over the next 17
years. In 1895, Munch recreated the painting in lithograph
before repainting it again in 1910 with oil and pastels. The
work has since found a place in our culture, becoming
almost as recognizable to the common person as, perhaps,
the Mona Lisa or Starry Night.
The painting is popular because of its stark, almost
disturbing figure which is standing in the middle of a road,
hands clapped to its face, screaming. The sky is a deep red
and a body of water is in the background. Munch recorded
an incident in his diary in which he was walking with two
friends down a path and, as the sun was setting, the sky
suddenly turned a blood red and Munch suddenly felt a
deep exhaustion, as if he could feel an infinite scream
passing through Nature. This feeling, captured so acutely,
became the painting which is now known as The Scream.
This painting helped to usher in works of art which have
more Expressionistic backgrounds, capturing the feeling of
the moment instead of the sights.

The Scream

Theater
It comes from a Greek word meaning thing
done. It begins in make believe, in the play
acting of children and in the ritual of primitive
religion. When an actor appears on stage, he
makes believe he is someone other than himself,
much as a child does, much as primitive people
will do. Thus, like play-acting and ritual, drama
creates its experiences by doing things than can
be heard and seen.
The magic of theater is its ability to conjure
up- even such incredible characters, depends on
the power of spectacle. When we witness a play,
our thoughts and feelings are provoked such by
the spectacle as by the words themselves.

Theater

Backstage at the Theatre Royal

different types of stage makeup

Ancient wedding traditions

and costumes will come to
life in the stage

The night of the theaters; Stage

plays for May; Summer patios in
Madrid

The costume warehouse at the Tony Award-winning Berkeley Repertory

Theatre

Greek theater

Elements that make-up the

spectacle
1.Setting- this refers to the place/ scene which
reflects the nature of the play. It prepares the
audience to become part in the drama. It
appeals to their imagination.
2. Costuming
3. Props
4. Blocking- the arrangement of characters on
stage.
5. Movement- gestures/ actions/ bodily movement
and facial expressions which bring out the mood
of the character.
6. Intonation
7. Pacing- (tempo and coordination of performance)

setting

costumes

props

props

blocking

movement

The Elements of Drama

Drama like prose fiction, utilizes plot and character,
develops a theme, arouses emotion or appeals to
humor, and may be either escapist or interpretative in
its dealing with life. Like poetry, it may draw upon all
the resources of language, including verse. Much
drama is poetry, but drama has one characteristic
peculiar to itself. It is written primarily to be
performed, not read. It normally presents its action 1)
through actors, 2) on a stage, and 3) before an
audience.
Despite the immense diversity of drama as a
cultural activity, all plays have certain elements in
common. They are 1) plot, 2) character, 3) thought, 4)
language
(dialogue),
5)
theme,
6)
climax/denouement, 7) music and spectacle, 8)
costume and make-up,9) scenery and lighting.

The Elements of Drama

1. Plot. It is the term sometimes used to mean a
summary of a plays story. It is concerned
with what happens in the story.
2. Character. The characters must be shaped to
fit with the needs of the plot, and all parts of
the characterization must fit together.
In addition to understanding what the characters
are like, we should recognize each ones role in
the story. The main character, the person who is
attempting to resolve the problem is called the
protagonist. The conflict he faces, frequently
involves a struggle with some force outside
himself (external conflict) as with an antagonist,
and/or a struggle within himself (internal
conflict).

characters

The Elements of Drama

3.Thought. Every play, even the most
lighthearted comedy, involves thoughts
in its broadest sense. In dramatic
structure, thoughts include the ideas and
emotions implied by the overall meaning
of the play, sometimes the theme. Not all
plays explore significant ideas, but every
play makes some comments on human
experience
either
through
direct
statement or more commonly by
implication

The Elements of Drama

4.Language (dialogue). Language is a means
of expressing the character and the thoughts
dramatically; Language in the theater refers
to the dramatic dialogue, which may be in
prose or in verse. Prose dialogue may be
naturalistic or rhetorical. Naturalistic dialogue
is the actual why people talk, while the
rhetorical dialogue is popularly described as
high flown, florid, oratorical. Verse dialogue
makes used of the conventions of poetry for
the purpose of drama.

` Dialogue is the conversation between 2

or more characters in a play.

The Elements of Drama

5. Theme. It is what a story means. It
is a conviction about the real world
we live in, and it may be stated in
several ways. Theme tends to be
complex,
and
may
include
contradictory evaluations (Colwell,
1986).

The Elements of Drama

6. Climax/Denouement. The climax is the
scene or incident that is the fruition of the
accumulated suspense, and that stirs the
most intense feelings or emotions. It can also
be described as the turning point of the story.
It is very likely to be the most elaborately
presented scene in the play.

Denouement is the working out of the

plot, following the climax. In this final
part of the play, usually briefly but
sometimes a full act, the playwright
brings the conflict to an end and explains
how and why every thing turned out the
way it did.

Denouement

Denouement

The Elements of Drama

Language (dialogue). Language is a means

of expressing the character and the thoughts
dramatically; Language in the theater refers
to the dramatic dialogue, which may be in
prose or in verse. Prose dialogue may be
naturalistic or rhetorical. Naturalistic dialogue
is the actual why people talk, while the
rhetorical dialogue is popularly described as
high flown, florid, oratorical. Verse dialogue
makes used of the conventions of poetry for
the purpose of drama.

` Dialogue is the conversation between 2

or more characters in a play.

Dialoguing

The Elements of Drama

7. Music and Spectacle. Aside from background
music, there is music or speech and of
movements.
Spectacle
intensifies
emotions
whatever these emotions are. In the theater, the
element of a spectacle heightens the atmosphere
whether of vitality or terror or sorrow.
8. Costumes and Make-Up. Every costume
should be comfortable and securely put together
so the performer doesnt have to worry about it
once it is on. Before the dress rehearsal, all the
parts of each costumes should be hung together
and tagged. A dressing crew from the costume
committee should be on hand to help.

Make-up

The Elements of Drama

9. Scenery and Lighting. Scenery and lighting,

furniture-painted backdrops, or large props,
should be real. The scenery may be simple,
for it is supposed only to suggest the scene.

Proper lighting can add a great deal to

the realism of the play. Consider
brightness, color, and direction in lighting
the play
Is the scene gay or mysterious? White,
yellow, amber and pink lights brighten
the stage and are happy colors. Blue and
green dull the scene and produce a cold
effect. Red and purple are mysterious.

scenery

Scenery and lighting

Scenery and lighting

Activity 3. Acting
Acting is an act of portraying an individuals
personality. As an actor/actress, you make believe
you are someone other than yourself. Portray the
characters in a minute by expressing lines or by
pantomiming. You will pick 2 characters in rolled
papers prepared by the teacher. List of characters
include:
king, queen, doctor, nurse, teacher,
farmer, fisherman, garbage collector, jeepney
dispatcher, choir conductor, musician, dance
instructor, film director, actor/ actress, traffic
police, soldier, Fashion
model, band master,
majorette,
quack
doctor,
ballet
dancer,
photographer, club entertainer, boxing referee,
midwife, show girl, wrestler, janitor, newscaster,
pilot, driver etc.

Module 1V
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners must
be able to:
Discuss the elements of music and dance.
Differentiate the media in music.
Familiarize the different musical
instruments.
Sing with proper melody, rhythm, tempo
and dynamics.
Perform a dance by pair or by four in a
group.

MUSIC
Music is the art of combining and
regulating sound of varying pitch to
produce melodious harmonic expressive of
the various ideas and emotion. The
primary function of music is to express
joy, pain, etc. & to entertain.
Elements of music
Rhythm This is the over all movement
or swing & is consider the most essential
element of music. Rhythms include meter,
which means measure of rhythm unit.

Elements of music
Melody is the succession of musical
sounds or tones in an orderly manner. A
tone is a sound in music, which
designates the pitch & depends on the
variation rate per sound.
Dynamics This means the force
percussive effect, degree of loudness &
softness.
Harmony This is the simultaneous
sounding of two or more tones.

Elements of music
Texture/Timbre this refers to the
number of tones one is expected to
apprehend simultaneously. This is the
result of the differences in timbre or
quality of tone in variety of voice &
instrument.
Form is the structural organization of a
musical composition. Form could be
simple, larger, free, recapitulation, fugue
& rondo.
Tempo- is the speed of music.

Varying degrees of tempo

1.Adante moderate slow.

5. Allegro fast

2.Adagio slow, at ease.

6. Moderato -moderato

3.Lento slow.

7. Vivace

4. Largo very slow, broad.

quick

8. Presto very fast

Classification of voices
The coloratura soprano is the highest &
lightest of all voices.
The lyric soprano- is less high, flute like.
The voice is suited to sweet a melody in
which beautiful is the predominant
quality.
The dramatic soprano - is heavier than
the lyric soprano and conveys intense
emotions in dynamic situation

Classification of voices
The mezzo soprano this voices
between soprano and contralto in range
& quality.
The contralto- this voice is low and
qualitatively rich.
The tenor the highest type of mans
voice.
The lyric similar to lyric soprano this
voice is particularly suited to sweet
melodies

Classification of voices
The dramatic tenor similar to
dramatic soprano, this voice is
heavier than the lyric tenor, & could
convey intense emotions in
dramatic situations.
The baritone is between tenor &
bases.

Instrumental Medium
Kinds of Musical Instruments
Those, which bowed or plucked are the
string instruments.
Those which are blown are grouped into:
The brass instruments usually made up of
brass.
The woodwinds originally made of wood.
Instruments, which are struck, are called
percussion instruments.

String
Brass
Violin
Trumpet
Viola
French horn
Violoncello
Trombone
Double bass
Guitar
Cornet
Harp
Lute
Ukelele
Banjo

Woodwinds
Piccolo
Flute
Clarinet
Oboe
English horn
Bass clarinet
Bassoon
Contra bassoon

Tuba

Stringed Instruments

Contrabass

Bandurria

Mandolin

Banjo

Guitar
Harp

Woodwind Instruments

Bagpipes

Percussion means striking. All percussion

instruments make a more or less
musical sound when struck by the hands,
by the fingers or by some suitable
instruments. Percussion instruments
include the following:
Drums
bells
gongs
cymbals triangle
xylophone
timpani
tambourines
keyboard instruments include an
electric organ, piano, celesta, etc.

Percussion instruments

percussion instruments made in Indonesia

Keyboard Instruments

Keyboard Instruments

marimba

Keyboard Instruments

accordionccordion

Activity 1. Drawing
Draw at least 4 musical instruments
for each family: String, woodwind,
brass, percussion and keyboard.

Notation
Whole Note Whole Rest
4 beats
Half Note
Half Rest
2 beats
Quarter note Quarter Rest
1 beat
Eight Note
Eight Rest
beat
Sixteenth Note Sixteenth Rest beat

Notation

Activity 3. Filipino Artists

Research on Filipino artists
(composers/ dancers/ singers/
actors/ actresses / instrumentalists
etc.) Give a little background about
each of them and explain why you
idolize them.

DANCE
Dancing is the rhythmical movement of the
usually with music, to express
an idea or
emotion innate a story or simply to enjoy & take
pleasure in the movement itself. It involves a
successive group of bodily motions and steps
rhythmically performed and time to music. It is
said to be the oldest of the arts. Dancing is both
an art an form of recreation. As an art, a dance
may tell a story, set a mood or express an
emotion. As a form of recreation, dancing has
long
provided
fun,
relaxation
and
companionships. At the passing of time and with
the improvement of musical instruments, the
dance evolved from mere tribal rituals and
religious rites to becoming one mans finest
performing arts.

Activity 4. Singing and Song

Composition
a. Compose one song of two three
stanzas (using your dialect) and sing it
before the class. The following criteria will
be observed: Voice quality, Interpretation
(facial expression, dynamics & tempo),
originality and stage presence.
b. Sing a song of your choice (English /
Tagalog) using a microphone. Provide your
own CD. The following criteria will be
observed: Voice quality, Interpretation
(facial expression, dynamics & tempo),
and stage presence.

Kinds of Dances
Natural or untutored dance being a natural
impulse, dance can be enjoyed both by the
trained and the untrained dancer. The untrained
may derive personal pleasure having to obey
the rules, but will be restricted by the lack of
technique, a vocabulary of movement.
Solo or group dance The solo dance
performed by a single dancer is for a specific
purpose to demonstrate a particular technique
or style of dancing. Group dances are
categorized as folk dance, ballroom dancing and
bullet.

Kinds of Dances
Ethnic dance dance that is indigenous to a
certain race or country.
Court dance social accomplishments polished
from material s usually found among folk dance
and used for court entertainment.
Ballroom dance social or popular dance
performed by couples.
Theatrical dance classical dance like ballet,
performed by highly trained and physically, the
most eloquent form of dance.
Modern dance Group dancing as in
discotheque.

Ethnic dance

Maranao dance called Sagayan

Tinikling - Tinnikling is considered the national

folkdance with a pair of dancers hopping between
two bamboo poles held just above the ground and
struck together in time to music. Originated from
Leyte Province, this dance is in fact a mimic
movement of tikling birds hopping over trees,
grass stems or over bamboo traps set by farmers.
Dancers perform this dance with remarkable grace
and speed jumping between bamboo poles.

Pandanggo sa Ilaw - The word pandanggo

comes
from
the
Spanish
dance
fandangocharacterized with lively steps and
clapping while following a varying beat.
Pandanggo requires excellent balancing skill to
maintain the stability of three tinggoy, or oil
lamps, placed on head and at the back of each
hand. This famous dance of grace and balance
originated from Lubang Island, Mindoro.

Philippine Folk Dances

Allay a dance in the Tagalog region
performed as an offering to a special guest or
honorable as a welcome gesture. Allay means
an offering. The girl wears balintawak-style
costume and step-ins or coredo while the boy
wears barong tagalog, white or colored pants
and slippers.
Escotis a Visaya folk dance performed in any
social gathering of the people inhabiting the
mountain of Capiz and the town of Panay. The
girl wears a siesgo skirt while the boy wears
Camisa de Chino and pants of any color. Both
girl and boy are barefooted.

Philippine Folk Dances

Kinotan a folk dance from the Ilocos Region.
This comic dance depicts the movement of a
person bitten by ants. In social gatherings of
friends and relatives, this dance presented to
make the people merry. The dancer is a male
dressed in Ilocano present costume with a buri
hat. He is barefooted.
Kumakaret a courtship dance in Pangasinan.
Kumakaret is a person who makes wine, tuba or
vinegar form sasa. The dancer performs the
dance with the use of glasses half-filled with
tuba. The girls wear a siesgo chino and colored
pants. Both girls and boy are barefooted.

Philippine Folk Dances

Lagundi another Visayan dance which originated
in Iloilo. Lagundi is a medical plant used as a cure
for stomach ache, rheumatism, headache and all
other ailment common to old people. The steps
used in the dance depict the stiff knee and the
dragging foot of the
dancer suffering from
rheumatism, The girl wears patadyong , kimona
and soft penuelo over the left shoulder while the
boy wears barong and any colored trousers.
Palakis a courtship dance from Western Bontoc
performed at wedding celebration and during
festival like the Canao and Bengnas. The dancers
are dressed in the traditional Bontoc costume. Each
dancer has a piece of brightly colored cloth, about
a meter square. This cloth is held or shaken in such
a way as to convey the dancers sentiments
flirtation, appeal and so on.

Philippine Folk Dances

Pangalay a popular festival dance in Sulu and
performed in wedding celebrations and at big
social affairs. Well known dancers perform the
dance while the feasting is going on to the
music of the kulintangan, Janggay-extended
metal fingernails in each finger.
National Rice Festival depicts the different
steps in the growing as practiced in the different
region in the Philippines. Different regions may
differ in their ways of doing the work, but they
have a common traditional way of planting ,
harvesting, threshing, airing, pounding and
winnowing. Dancers are dressed in ordinary
working costume. Head cover may be worn and
legging made of cloth may be used.

Philippine Folk Dances

Singkil this dance originated from Lanao del
Sur. To the rhythmic clapping of bamboo poles,
the dancers weave bamboos, the ladies dressed
in elegant Muslim costume, waving and the
men flipping brightly colored handkerchiefs,
right and left. The dancers wear solemn faces
and maintain a dignified poise. The movements
of the dancers are lively from beginning to end,
to the rhythmic clapping of the bamboo poles.
The girl wear balintawak while the boy wears
camisa de
chino and kundiman pants.

Philippine Folk Dances

Jotabal is derived from the words jota and
valse. Jota is a popular dance introduced in the
Philippines by the Spaniards. Valse means
waltz, a step or a dance in the time. This
lively festival dance originated in camohaguin,
Gumaca, Quezon.
Sakuting is a folk dance of the Ilocanos
usually performed during Christmas. Groups of
boys and girls performed from house to house
receiving many gifts in return. Two sticks are
used to produce rhythmic sound.

Philippine Folk Dances

Bilaan is a dance that depicts the
lively, simple movement of birds in
flight, beautifully portrayed by tribal
maidens with costumes typical of ethnic
tribe, Bilaan, from Cotabato.
Pagdiwata is a dance originating from
the Tagbanua tribe of Palawan which
depicts ritual after a rice harvest. These
rites are held as part thanksgiving and
part as an appeal for continued
protection.

Philippine Folk Dances

Sua-sua is dance from Jolo, Sulu. It is a
courtship of a lover to his lady love,
accompanied by a song, comparing her to the
delicate, little white blossom of the pomelo.
Balangbang is a native victory dance of the
mountain province, Phil.
Itik-Itik is a native dance interpreting the
playfulness of ducklings wading in the river.
Kumintang The graceful hand movement
from the wrist going clockwise or
counterclockwise while dancing. This is a typical
characteristic movement of the hands in
Philippine

Philippine Folk Dances

Nasudi an Ilocano dance which depicts the
prime industry of the region weaving. The
movement of the arms and bodies of the
dancers suggest the arm and body in motion of
weavers in the process of weaving.
Salakot Dance from the Tagalog Region. The
dance gives importance to the headwear usually
used by women called Salakot. It is made of
bamboo and nipa fashioned as a hat to protect
the weaver from the heat of the sun and/or the
cold of the rain.

Philippine Folk Dances

Maglalatik a dance from Tagalog Region. It
depicts the intricate process In the making of a
native delicacy: the Latik a mixture of thick
coco milk and molasses by constantly stirring
over slow fire.
Pandanggo Sa Sambalilo is a flirtatious
dance from Bulacan. It shows a barrio swain and
his lady love play and dance with a native hat.
He tries to show off by picking the hat from the
ground without using his hands.
Sayaw Ed Tapew Na Bangko a couple
showing off their skills while dancing on top of
a long and narrow bench.

Philippine Folk Dances

Banga - Literally means clay pot, used as
water or food containers. These clay pots
are balanced on the head of Igorot
women as they wind up and down the
mountain trail.
Tinikling is our national dance, all
attired in native apparel, the balintawak
and barong Tagalog, the onlookers cheer
as a couple dance,
skipping between
bamboo
poles,
imitating
the
lively
movements of the
tickling birds.

Philippine Folk Dances

Alcamfor is a dance that suggest
the exotic aroma of scented kerchiefs
with which the ladies tease the
gentlemen. The dignified movement
is reminiscent of the French Minuet.

Elements of dance
Movement is the action of dancers as
they use their bodies to create organized
pattern. Body movement can be divided
into steps, gestures of arms and hands,
and facial expression. Steps cover leaps,
turns, and runs.
Technique This is skill in executing
movement. A technically proficient
dancer has complete control over the
muscles of the body.

Elements of dance
Music it is something melodic and
harmonious usually used as an accompaniment.
Music motivates the movements of the dancers.
Most of the time music serves as background
music the dancer motivates the spectators.
Costumes and properties the visual
elements of costumes and properties also
contribute to dance. The type of dance
performed and the costumes worn at any stage
of the history relate closely to the costumes
beliefs, and environment of the people. Hand
properties, like costumes, enhance the effect of
the dance.

Elements of dance
Choreography dance during the
ancient times were disorganized. The
people danced impulsively; dance were
usually associated with intense
excitement, or how to go about doing the
dance. Today, dances are performed in
an organized manner, following steps and
movements.
Scenery the setting or background
establishing the place of action of any
dance is important to make the dance
more realistic and beautiful .

Activity 5. Dancing
Choose one only from the following
dances: modern, ballroom, ethnic
and folk dance. Perform a dance by
pair or by group of four members.
The following criteria will be
observed: timing and coordination,
choreography, stage performance
and costume.