Ship Handling 1
Ship Handling 1
Ship Handling 1
Science Skill
OR
Art Skill
Shiphandling
Teamwork
?
Appreciating required maneuver and relevant
factors Who should?
Master
Officers
Engineers
Helmsman
Lookout
Crew
Pilot / Harbour master / Mooring crew
TO CONTROL
1. WIND
2.CURRENT
3.SEA & SWELL
4.INTERACTION
5. MOMENTUM
RESOURCES AT
HAND:
1.ENGINES
2.RUDDER
3.THRUSTERS
4.ANCHORS
5.TUGS
6.MOORING
LINES.
7.HUMAN
ELEMENTS
PIVOT POINT
POINT AROUND WHICH THE VESSEL
TURNS DURING A TURN FOR AN
OBSERVER ON THE BRIDGE.
IMMEDIATE AXIS OF TURN.
HAS SHIFTING NATURE
DEPENDANT ON - SPEED-ACCELERATIONDECELERATION-MOMENTUM - WATER
RESISTANCE-CB - DRAFT & TRIM SHALLOW WATER ETC.
At centre of gravity
6 KTS
3 KTS
FINAL STOP
10 CABLES
3 KTS
1KTS
FINAL STOP
10 CABLES
Cargo ship
23,000 dwt
Cont.
30,000 shp
15,000 shp
Tanker
11000 shp
20,000 shp
31,000 shp
TRANSVERSE THRUST
GOING ASTERN
BOW TO STBD
SUBSTANTIAL FORCE.
5 TO 10% OF APPLIED
STERN POWER.
FOR EXAMPLE - 80,000
dwt TANKER - 20,000
SHP - STERN POWER
10,000 SHP - 10% 0F
10,000 SHP IS 1000 SHP
--- ABT. 10T.
LARGE TURNING
LEVER
SMALL TURNING
LEVER
ANCHORS
ANCHORS & CABLES- QUITE RELIABLE.
THE WINDLASS IS NOT.
1000% INCREASE IN TONNAGE IS
MATCHED BY 250% INCREASE IN ANCHOR
GEAR OR POWER.
POWER TO LIFT ANCHOR & 4
SHACKLES WHILE DEAD-STOP IN
WATER.
ANCHOR DREDGING
AMOUNT OF CABLE NOT TO EXCEED 1 1/2
TIMES THE DEPTH.
DESIGN SPEED OF WINDLASS SPEED IS 30
ft / Min. .
30 ft / Min. = 3 MINUTES A SHACKLE = 0.3
KTS ON GROUND.
STATIC HOLDING POWER IS THREE TIMES
HIGHER THAN DYNAMIC POWER.
TURNING
RUDDER FORCE - LATERAL RESISTANCE - PIVOT POINT
INERTIA
1/8 L FROM FWD IS PIVOT POINT AT START.
OPTIMUM RUDDER FORCE.
---------------------------------------------------LATERAL FORCE & RUDDER FORCE
BALANCE EACH OTHER DURING A TURN.
PIVOT POINT MOVES TO 1/2 L.
SKIDDING ON TRACK.
SHALLOW
WATER
LATERAL MOTION
Full bodied ship has large
momentum.
Has large skid and large drift
angle.
Has smaller turning circle.
Fine lined vessel. Small drift
angle Big turning circle.
MOVE ALONGSIDE
KICK AHEAD
APPROACH TO BUOYED
CHANNEL
BETWEEN
BREAKWATERS
TUG
POWER IN SHP = POWER IN Kw x 100 / 74
BOLLARD PULL IN TONNES
100 SHP X K
VALUE OF K
ORDINARY PROPELLER = 1.3
NOZZLE TYPE = 1.6
VOITH SCHNEIDER = 1.0
-------------------------------------------------MOST TUGS POWER RANGE FROM 600 TO 2250 Kw
---------------------------------------------------------
ALLOCATION OF NUMBER OF
TUGS
EUROPORT - TOT. TUG POWER IN
TONNES = VESSEL DISPLACEMENT /
3000.
------------------------------------------------JAPAN - TOT. TUG HORSE POWER = VESSEL
DISPLACEMENT / 10
CONVENTIONAL
TUG
Gob line
CONVENTIONAL TUG
PROPULSION UNIT AFT
TOWING POINT AS FAR FWD AS DESIGN
PERMITS
TUG INTERACTION
INTERACTION AFT
SHEER TO STERN.
INCREASE OF SPEED.
LAND HEAVILY A/S.
GIRTING
EXCESSIVE
STRAIGHT
LINE SPEED
TURNING
QUICKLY AWAY
FROM TUG.
TRACTOR TUGS
MULTI-DIRECTIONAL
PROPULSION.
UNDER THE BRIDGE LOCATION
TOWING POINT AFT.
OUT-BOARD MOTOR TYPES OR
VERTICAL BLADES.
VOITH
SCHNEIDER
SCHOTTEL
DISADVANTAGES.
Susceptible to girting & interaction.
Towing limited to forward position.
Less side-stepping ability.
Squat at stern.
Complex control system.
Propellers susceptible to damage.
HEADWAY
MORE TURNING
LEVER.
FASTER FLOW OF
WATER, CAUSES
LOW PRESSURE