Fluoroscopy & Digital Fluoros
Fluoroscopy & Digital Fluoros
Fluoroscopy & Digital Fluoros
&
Digital Fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopy system
Fluoroscopy
A type of radiographic study
Provides a dynamic imaging source
Allows the observer to visualize motility
of organs
Films provide a static image
Contrast media is generally used in
conjunction with fluoroscopy
Static images are obtained on a spot film
History Of Fluoroscopy
Invented in 1896 by Thomas Edison
Original phosphor was zinc-cadmium sulfide
The screen was placed above the patient, the
image was observed by viewing the screen
Dark adaptation was necessary to view images
This type of fluoroscopy was adapted to mirror
optics but only one person could view at a time
In the 1950s, image intensification was developed
In the 1990s, digital fluoroscopy was developed
and is widely used today
Conventional Fluoroscopy
Illumination During
Fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopy is generally visualized in
dimly lit rooms
Capable of limited brightness levels
Image-intensified fluoroscopy is much
brighter than conventional fluoroscopy
Illumination levels are measured in
lamberts
II levels are about the same brightness
as viewing radiographic films
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X-RAY TUBE
PATIENT
IMAGE INTENSIFIER
OUTPUT PHOSPHOR
CAMERA (Viewing
system)
6. MONITOR
Viewing Systems
Image produced at output phosphor
is much smaller, brighter image
Could be viewed directly off output
phosphor
Mirror optics
Television Camera
Plumbicon and vidicon are most often used
Plumbicon - Best for imaging moving organs, i.e.,
heart
Vidicon - Best for imaging stationary organs
Deviation coil
Alignement coil
Input plate
Accelarator grids
Control grid
Electron beam
Iris
Video Signal
Signal electrode
Electron gun
Field grid
Electrode
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INTERLACED
SCANNING
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21
625 lines in 40 ms
i.e. : 25 frames/s
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PROGRESSIVE
SCANNING
Image or TV Monitor
The final component in the II system
Converts the varying voltage from
the Vidicon into a visible image
Elements of the TV Monitor
Cathode ray tube
Electron gun
Focusing coils
Control grids
Lens coupling
Cine
Spot film camera
Static Systems
Cassettes
Spot film camera
Video recorders
Digital fluoroscopy
Videotape Recording
Can record image from TV monitor
Uses VHS in. or U-matic in
recorder
Does not exhibit high resolution
Can provide instant playback of
examination
Does not provide additional dose to
patient
Cassettes
High image quality
High patient dose
Delay of two seconds is required
before cassette can be exposed
Multiple images can be exposed on
one cassette
Provides a familiar format, therefore,
most popular
Video Recorders
Uses a magnetic disk
Usually records single frames
Has a playback mode
conventional TV
cinema
photography
Digital (Computerized)
Fluoroscopy
Developed in late 70s
Images are taken directly from output
phosphor
A video camera and digital image
processor are used to obtain images
The image is converted from analog to
digital
A dynamic recording can be made
Image can be manipulated in many ways
Less radiation is used
Mobile Fluoroscopy
Can provide both static and dynamic
images
Usually connected to a video disk
Can do everything that a fixed unit
can
Generally used in critical care areas
and surgery
Mobile Fluoroscopy
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