Paper Manufacturing Process

PAPER PRODUCTION
BY
MUHAMMAD ASIF KHAN
Introduction
Paper:
Paper is thin flat material which is made from crushed

wood or cloth and is used for writing, printing or drawing on.
The word "paper" is derived from the
word "papyrus
which was a plant found in
Egypt.
Continue
Papyrus usually grow 23 meters (59 ft) tall.
Ancient Egypt used this plant as a writing material
and for boats, sandals, and baskets.

Chemically, papyrus is composed of: 57% cellulose,
27% lignin, 9% minerals, and 7% water.
History
Paper was invented by the Chinese by 105 AD.
It was one of the four great inventions by the
Chinese.
Continue
Xuan paper is probably the best-known paper,
which is mainly used in Chinese painting.

Material used for making paper was such as tree
bark, hemp, rags.

By the end of the 7th century, the papermaking
process reached
Bangladesh.
India,
Nepal,
Pakistan,
and
Paper Size
International standard paper sizes, covered by
the ISO 216 Standard

Specific size of a particular paper format are
A Series Paper Sizes
B Series Paper Sizes
C Series Envelope Sizes
The A series paper sizes are now in common use
throughout the world.
A series paper sizes

A paper sizes is based on the following basis:
The length divided by the width is 1.4142
The A0 size has an area of 1 square metre.
Each subsequent size A(n) is defined as A(n-1) cut in
half parallel to its shorter sides.
The standard length and width of each size is
rounded to the nearest millimeter.
Table of Paper Sizes From 4A0 to A10

Size
Height x Width (mm)
Height x Width (in)
4A0
2378 x 1682 mm
93.6 x 66.2 in
2A0
1682 x 1189 mm
66.2 x 46.8 in
A0
1189 x 841 mm
46.8 x 33.1 in
A1
841 x 594 mm
33.1 x 23.4 in
A2
594 x 420 mm
23.4 x 16.5 in
A3
420 x 297 mm
16.5 x 11.7 in
A4
297 x 210 mm
11.7 x 8.3 in
A5
210 x 148 mm
8.3 x 5.8 in
A6
148 x 105 mm
5.8 x 4.1 in
A7
105 x 74 mm
4.1 x. 2.9 in
A8
74 x 52 mm
2.9 x 2.0 in
A9
52 x 37 mm
2.0 x 1.5 in
A10
37 x 26 mm
1.5 x 1.0 in
Paper Weight
Paper weight is expressed in gramme per square
meter (g/m2 or usually just g) of the paper.

Printing paper is generally between 60 g and 120
g.
Anything heavier than 160 g is considered card.
Paper Weight continue

The weight of a ream therefore depends on the
dimensions of the paper and its thickness
Paper Density
The density of paper ranges from 250 kg/m3 for
tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 for some specialty paper.

Printing paper is about 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/cu ft).
Paper Types and Uses

Carbonless Paper
Used For : Application forms, computer stationery, time saving stationery

Chromo Paper
China clay coated on one side

Used For : Mainly used for self adhesive stickers, calendars , posters, labels
Cinema Poster
Used For : For printing Cinema posters, Wall papers

Clay Coating Base Paper
Used For : Used for coating with Clay for making chromo and art paper
Continue
Copier Paper
Used For : Copying, typing, plain paper faxes, general stationery

Creamwove Paper
Used For : Used for Computer Stationery purposes.

Defence Krafts
Used For : Used for Laminates, tube making and defence applications.
Diary Paper
Used For : Used for making of diaries and sometimes for book printing.
Electrical Insulating Papers
Used For : Used for Electrical insulation.
Material
Following raw materials used in papermaking
Cellulose Fibers the bulk
Fillers Clay, Calcium Carbonate 0 to 25%
Strength Additives Starch
Sizing Agents Rosin + Alum
Wet Strength Additives 0 to 2%
Dyes
Retention Agents
Paper Properties
Whiteness
Whiteness is a measurement of light reflectance across
all wavelengths of light comprising the full visible
spectrum.
Brightness
It represents a more narrow measurement of light
reflectance than whiteness.
Shade
Shade is a measurement of the color of paper.
Shade is defined using a universally accepted color
measurement mode
Paper Defects
Blackened Paper
A defect in paper caused by crushing in the calender
Blade Cut
A blade scratch that cuts deeply into or through the
web.
Alum Spot
Paper sheet having small undissolved alum crystals.
Paper Defects continue

Cockling
When the surface of the paper has wave like
appearance.
Piping
Defect in reels
Slivers
Small splinters of wood in a sheet of paper.

Paper Manufacturing Process

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Paper Manufacturing Process

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Paper Manufacturing Process

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PAPER PRODUCTION

MUHAMMAD ASIF KHAN

Paper is thin flat material which is made from crushed

and for boats, sandals, and baskets.

27% lignin, 9% minerals, and 7% water.

which is mainly used in Chinese painting.

bark, hemp, rags.

the ISO 216 Standard

A series paper sizes

Table of Paper Sizes From 4A0 to A10

Height x Width (mm)

Height x Width (in)

meter (g/m2 or usually just g) of the paper.

Paper Weight continue

dimensions of the paper and its thickness

tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 for some specialty paper.

Paper Types and Uses

Used For : Application forms, computer stationery, time saving stationery

China clay coated on one side

Used For : For printing Cinema posters, Wall papers

Used For : Copying, typing, plain paper faxes, general stationery

Used For : Used for Computer Stationery purposes.

Used For : Used for Electrical insulation.

Paper Defects continue

You might also like