Energy Forms and Changes

Energy:
Forms and
Changes
Vocabulary Words
energy
mechanical energy
heat energy
chemical energy
electromagnetic energy
nuclear energy
kinetic energy
potential energy
gravitational potential energy
energy conversion
Law of Conservation of Energy
Nature of Energy
Energy
is all around you!
You can hear energy as sound.

You can see energy as light.
And you can feel it as wind.
What is Energy?
Energy
can be defined as the

ability to do work.
Work = Force x Distance
Direct connection between energy
and work
Both measured in JOULES (J)
The Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy can be neither created nor

destroyed by ordinary means.
It can only be converted from one form

to another.
If energy seems to disappear, then

scientists look for it leading to
many important discoveries.
Forms of Energy
The main forms of energy are:
Sound
Light
Electrical
Heat
Chemical
Nuclear
Mechanical
Sound Energy
The vibration of matter causes

sound energy
Sound travels as a wave through
matter
Light Energy
Light is a form of
electromagnetic
energy.
Each color of light (Roy
G Biv) represents a
different wavelength of
electromagnetic
energy.
Electrical Energy
Movement of electrons
Heat Energy (AKA Thermal Energy)
Internal motion of the atoms

Moving particles produce heat
Can be produced by friction
Causes changes in temperature and
phase
Chemical Energy
Chemical
Energy is required to
bond atoms together.
When bonds are broken, energy
is released.
Chemical Energy
Fuel
and food
are forms of
stored
(potential)
chemical
energy.
Nuclear Energy
The
nucleus
of an atom is
the source of
nuclear
energy.
Nuclear Energy
Nucleus splits (fission), nuclear

energy released in the form of heat
energy and light energy.
Nuclear energy is also released
when nuclei collide at high speeds
and fuse (fusion).
Nuclear Energy (Fusion)

Fusion Unites
Example The
sun
Nuclear Energy (Fission)

Fission
Splits
Example
Nuclear Power
Plant
Example
Nuclear Bomb
Most of us live within 50 miles of Plant Hatch,
which converts nuclear energy into
electromagnetic energy.
Mechanical Energy
When
work is done to an
object, it acquires energy.
The energy it acquires is
known as mechanical energy.
M.E. = K.E. + P.E.
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion
Kinetic energy depends on both
mass and velocity.
The faster an object moves, the more

kinetic energy it has.
The greater the mass of a moving
object, the more kinetic energy it has.
Potential Energy
Stored energy.
Chemically
Fuel
The nucleus of atoms
Foods.
Stored because of the work done on it

Stretching a rubber band.
Winding a watch.
Pulling back on a bows arrow.
Lifting a brick high in the air.
Potential Energy
Energy that is stored due to being

stretched or compressed is called
elastic potential energy.
Gravitational Potential Energy
Potential energy
that is dependent
on height is called
gravitational
potential energy.
Gravitational Potential Energy
The bigger they are the harder

they fall is not just a saying. Its
true. Objects with more mass have
greater G.P.E.
The formula to find G.P.E. is
G.P.E. = Weight X Height.
Energy Conversion
Energy can be changed from one

form to another.
Changes in the form of energy are
called energy conversions.
Energy Conversions
The most common energy

conversion is the conversion
between potential and kinetic
energy.
M.E. = P.E. + K.E
Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversion

Roller coasters work because of the energy that is
built into the system. Initially, the cars are pulled
mechanically up the tallest hill, giving them a great
deal of potential energy. From that point, the
conversion between potential and kinetic energy
powers the cars throughout the entire ride.
Kinetic vs. Potential Energy
At the point of maximum potential energy, the car has

minimum kinetic energy.
Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversions
As a basketball
player throws the
ball into the air,
various energy
conversions take
place.
Ball slows down
Ball speeds up
Energy Conversions
All forms of energy can be

converted into other forms.
The suns energy through solar cells

can be converted directly into
electricity.
Green plants convert the suns energy
(electromagnetic) into starches and
sugars (chemical energy).
Other energy conversions
In an electric motor, electromagnetic

energy is converted to mechanical
energy.
In a battery, chemical energy is
converted into electromagnetic energy.
The mechanical energy of a waterfall is
converted to electrical energy in a
generator.
Energy Conversions
In an automobile
engine, fuel is
burned to convert
chemical energy
into heat energy.
The heat energy is
then changed into
mechanical
energy.
Chemical Heat Mechanical
Energy Conversions
Heat/Thermal energy is ALWAYS a

by-product of energy conversions
Identify the Energy Conversions
After lunch a boy rides his bike to

his friends house.
A driver fills his car with gas and

then drives three hundred miles.
The electric toaster is plugged into

the outlet and is used to make
dinner.
Sunlight shines on a tree.
Coal is burned in the furnace of a

power plant.

Energy Forms and Changes

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Energy Forms and Changes

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Energy:

is all around you!

You can hear energy as sound.

can be defined as the

The Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy can be neither created nor

It can only be converted from one form

If energy seems to disappear, then

The main forms of energy are:

The vibration of matter causes

Heat Energy (AKA Thermal Energy)

Internal motion of the atoms

Nucleus splits (fission), nuclear

Nuclear Energy (Fusion)

Nuclear Energy (Fission)

The faster an object moves, the more

Stored because of the work done on it

Energy that is stored due to being

Gravitational Potential Energy

Gravitational Potential Energy

The bigger they are the harder

Energy can be changed from one

The most common energy

Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversion

Kinetic vs. Potential Energy

At the point of maximum potential energy, the car has

Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversions

Ball slows down

All forms of energy can be

The suns energy through solar cells

Other energy conversions

In an electric motor, electromagnetic

Chemical Heat Mechanical

Heat/Thermal energy is ALWAYS a

Identify the Energy Conversions

After lunch a boy rides his bike to

Identify the Energy Conversions

A driver fills his car with gas and

Identify the Energy Conversions

The electric toaster is plugged into

Identify the Energy Conversions

Sunlight shines on a tree.

Identify the Energy Conversions

Coal is burned in the furnace of a

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