The document discusses various aspects of medieval European society such as the three periods of the Middle Ages, feudalism, and the three estates. It provides details on:
1) The three periods of the Middle Ages - Early (500-1000), High (1000-1250), and Late (1250-1500) - and the French historian Marc Bloch who studied feudal society.
2) Feudalism as the economic system of the Middle Ages where peasants lived and worked on manors in exchange for protection from their lord.
3) The three estates of medieval European society - those who pray (clergy), those who fight (nobility), and those who work (peasants).
The document discusses various aspects of medieval European society such as the three periods of the Middle Ages, feudalism, and the three estates. It provides details on:
1) The three periods of the Middle Ages - Early (500-1000), High (1000-1250), and Late (1250-1500) - and the French historian Marc Bloch who studied feudal society.
2) Feudalism as the economic system of the Middle Ages where peasants lived and worked on manors in exchange for protection from their lord.
3) The three estates of medieval European society - those who pray (clergy), those who fight (nobility), and those who work (peasants).
The document discusses various aspects of medieval European society such as the three periods of the Middle Ages, feudalism, and the three estates. It provides details on:
1) The three periods of the Middle Ages - Early (500-1000), High (1000-1250), and Late (1250-1500) - and the French historian Marc Bloch who studied feudal society.
2) Feudalism as the economic system of the Middle Ages where peasants lived and worked on manors in exchange for protection from their lord.
3) The three estates of medieval European society - those who pray (clergy), those who fight (nobility), and those who work (peasants).
The document discusses various aspects of medieval European society such as the three periods of the Middle Ages, feudalism, and the three estates. It provides details on:
1) The three periods of the Middle Ages - Early (500-1000), High (1000-1250), and Late (1250-1500) - and the French historian Marc Bloch who studied feudal society.
2) Feudalism as the economic system of the Middle Ages where peasants lived and worked on manors in exchange for protection from their lord.
3) The three estates of medieval European society - those who pray (clergy), those who fight (nobility), and those who work (peasants).
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THE THREE ORDERS
Dates of the Middle Ages
Early Middle Ages: 500 1000
High Middle Ages: 1000 1250
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
Marc Bloch (1886-1944) French historian
Wrote Feudal Society Killed by Nazis Believed history consists of not only Political history but also Social ,Economic Religious and has geographical dimensions.
feudalism The economic system of much of the Middle Ages (800-1100) Commoners (peasants) lived on a feudal manor. The lord of the manor gave his vassals (the peasants) land to farm. In return, the vassals received protection from roving bandits. Yet they were taxed and had to surrender a portion of their crops to the lord. it was better to be a lord than a vassal! Feudalism is important as it created ties of obedience and fostered a sense of loyalty between the vassals and their lord.
A tenant (vassal) renews his oath of fealty to his lord Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service. Feudal Society Under the feudal system, everyone had a well-defined place in society.
Vassal and Lord Feudalism: Europe between the 9 th and 12 th
centuries Whats in a Word? Feodum: fief feudalism Vertical hierarchies Lord and serf King and subject Horizontal hierarchies Orders of knights Peasant communities Guilds Feudalism Vassals, lords, and counts Contractual Relations Act of Homage and Oaths of fealty Reward of benefices & fiefs Obligations of Service Military & Aids
The Early Middle Ages During this time, Europe was cut off from advanced civilizations in the Middle East, China, and India. Eventually, a new European civilization emerged that blended Greco-Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions: Medieval Civilization
The Three Orders Those who fight Those who work Those who pray Photo source: www.historyguide.org Feudal Europe Power Pyramid The Pope King Lords/Nobles Knights Peasants The 3 Estates in the Middle Ages The idea of estates, or orders, was encouraged during the Age, but this ordering was breaking down. Clergy Latin chiefly spoken, those who pray, purpose was to save everyones soul Nobles French chiefly spoken, those who fight, purpose was to protectallow for all to work in peaceand provide justice Commoners English spoken, those who work, purpose was to feed and clothe all above them
Those who Fight 1) act of homage I promise to be your man
2) Promise of fealty Fidelity, trust and service with His hand on relics or a bible
3) Sealed by a Kiss
**voluntary contract Vassalage Vassalage Oaths of Homage Becoming a vassal Regular commoners could be chosen to become a vassal and would become one at a commendation ceremony A great time of celebration The vassal would pay homage and swear loyalty to the lord Responsibilities of vassals Must promise to supply soldiers to his lord during a time of war and must fight with his troops Would be one of the lords advisors when big decisions had to be made Gave housing to the lord during a time of need
Benefits vassals enjoyed They usually got rich off of the peasants work Owned a huge plot of land Could have vassals of their own to increase the amount of soldiers to support their fief In 12 th century England they could pay money to not fight for their lord, but the lord would use the money to buy mercenaries. Multiple Loyalty Knights Armored warriors that protected the land. They often received fiefs for their service. Chivalry A product of feudalism, chivalry was an idealized system of manners and morals Restricted to nobility The Medieval knight was bound to the chivalric code to be loyal to God his lord his lady Chivalric ideals include... benevolence brotherly love politeness Sir Gawain is an example Manorialism Manorialism refers to a system whereby the land (or manor) was owned by the lord and was parceled out to individual peasants who farmed it. In return for the land, peasants made payments to the lord in the form of money, crops, and services. Manorialism established a social and political order that paralleled hierarchies of feudalism. The Medieval Manor Based on self- sufficiency.
Early Middle Age center for agricultural production. A German Medieval village Feudalism The manor Agricultural improvements Moldboard plow Horse collar 3 field system Saddle and Stirrup: The Equipment of a Knight The manor was the lords estate. The manor system was an economic arrangement between a lord and his serfs. The lord would provide serfs with housing, strips of farmland, and protection from bandits. In return, the serfs tended the lords lands, cared for his animals, and performed other tasks to maintain the estate. The manor was largely a self- sufficient community. Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work The Manor Economy The manor, or lords estate or fief, was the heart of the medieval economy. Peasants and lords were bound by mutual obligation (feudal contracts). The peasant worked for the lord. In exchange, the peasant received protection and a small amount of land to farm.
The Medieval Church The Church and Medieval Life The church was a social center as well as a place of worship.
Christian rituals and faith were part of the fabric of everyday life (sacraments).
Priests guided people on issues of values and morality. Church required people to pay a tithe (10% of their income).
Monks and nuns cared for the poor and sick, set up schools for children, and gave food and lodging to travelers. Friars were monks who did not live in a monastery, but traveled and preached to the poor. The Power of the Church Grows In the centuries after the fall of Rome, the Church became the most powerful secular, or worldly, force in medieval Europe Medieval popes began to claim papal supremacy, or authority over all secular rulers. The medieval Church developed its own body of laws, known as canon law, as well as its own courts. Anyone who disobeyed canon law faced a range of penalties. The Church also had absolute power in religious matters.
Religious Authority Excommunication: Pope forbade people to receive sacraments or a Christian burial Interdict: an order excluding an entire town, region, or kingdom from receiving some sacraments or a Christian burial