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    Reported by Nacito, Julie Ann T. & Tiongson, Annie Joy M

    Uploaded by

    Trixie Marie Sabile Abdulla
    This document provides information about osteoporosis, including that it is a progressive bone disease characterized by low bone mass and density that increases fracture risk. It affects many people worldwide and is more prevalent in Caucasian and Asian women and older adults. Risk factors include genetics, nutrition, medications, lifestyle, and certain health conditions. It is assessed using DXA scans and treated through diet, exercise, calcium/vitamin D supplements, bisphosphonates, and surgery for fractures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Reported by Nacito, Julie Ann T. & Tiongson, Annie Joy M

    Uploaded by

    Trixie Marie Sabile Abdulla
    61 views19 pages
    This document provides information about osteoporosis, including that it is a progressive bone disease characterized by low bone mass and density that increases fracture risk. It affects many people worldwide and is more prevalent in Caucasian and Asian women and older adults. Risk factors include genetics, nutrition, medications, lifestyle, and certain health conditions. It is assessed using DXA scans and treated through diet, exercise, calcium/vitamin D supplements, bisphosphonates, and surgery for fractures.

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    Original Title

    Osteoporosis

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    This document provides information about osteoporosis, including that it is a progressive bone disease characterized by low bone mass and density that increases fracture risk. It affects many people worldwide and is more prevalent in Caucasian and Asian women and older adults. Risk factors include genetics, nutrition, medications, lifestyle, and certain health conditions. It is assessed using DXA scans and treated through diet, exercise, calcium/vitamin D supplements, bisphosphonates, and surgery for fractures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    61 views19 pages

    Reported by Nacito, Julie Ann T. & Tiongson, Annie Joy M

    Uploaded by

    Trixie Marie Sabile Abdulla
    This document provides information about osteoporosis, including that it is a progressive bone disease characterized by low bone mass and density that increases fracture risk. It affects many people worldwide and is more prevalent in Caucasian and Asian women and older adults. Risk factors include genetics, nutrition, medications, lifestyle, and certain health conditions. It is assessed using DXA scans and treated through diet, exercise, calcium/vitamin D supplements, bisphosphonates, and surgery for fractures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Reported by

    Nacito, Julie Ann T.


    & Tiongson, Annie Joy M.
    Osteoporosis

    "porous bones"
    from Greek: ostoun meaning "bone" and
    poros meaning "pore
    is a progressive bone disease that is
    characterized by a decrease in bone mass and
    density which can lead to an increased risk
    of fracture.
    Prevalence

    Is the most prevalent bone disease in the world
    more than 10M Americans have osteoporosis
    It is projected that one of every two caucasian
    women one of every five men will have an
    osteoporosis related fracture.
    The consequence of osteoporosis is bone fracture

    Peak adult bone mass is achieved between the
    ages of 18 and 25 years in both females and
    males
    Failure to develop optimal peak bone mass
    during childhood, adolescence, and young
    adulthood contributes to the development of
    osteoporosis
    It is affected by genetic factors, nutrition,
    physical activity, medications, endocrine status
    and general health.
    Risk factors
    GENETICS
    Caucasian or Asian
    Female
    Family history
    Small Frame
    Predispose to
    low
    bone mass
    AGE
    Post menopause
    Advanced age
    Low testosterone in men
    Decreased calcitonin

    Hormones (estrogen,
    calcitonin and
    testosterone) inhibits
    bone loss
    NUTRITION
    Low calcium intake
    Low vita D intake
    High phosphate
    (carbonated beverages)
    Inadequate calories
    Reduces nutrients
    needed for bone
    remodelling
    PHYSICAL EXERCISE
    Sedentary
    Lack of weight-bearing
    exercise
    Low weight and body
    mass index
    Bones needs
    STRESS for bone
    maintenance
    LIFE STYLE CHOICES
    Ceffeine
    Alcohol
    Smoking
    Lack of exposure to sunlight
    Reduces
    osteogenesis in
    bone
    remodelling
    MEDICATIONS
    Corticosteroids
    Antiseizure meds
    Heparin
    Thyroid hormone
    CORMOBIDITY
    Anorexia nervosa
    Hyperthyroidism
    Malabsorption syndrome
    Renal failure
    Affects calcium
    absorption and
    metabolism
    How does it happen?



    On the board pls.
    Julie its your turn to shine!
    ASSESSMENT & DIAGNOSTICS
    Osteoporosis may be undetectable on routine x-
    rays until there has been 25%-40%
    demineralization resulting in radiolucency of the
    bones.
    DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY (DXA)
    Which provides information about BMD at the spine
    and hip
    BMD testing is recommended for all women older
    than 65 years of age and men older than 70 yrs.
    It is also useful in identifying osteopenic and
    osteoporotic bone in assessing response to therapy.
    MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
    A diet rich in calcium and vita D throughout life,
    with an increased calcium intake during
    adolescence, young adulthood and the middle
    years protects against skeletal demineralization
    Such diet includes 3 glasses of skim or whole vita
    D-enriched milk or other foods high in calcium
    daily (cheese and other dairy products, steamed
    broccoli, canned salmon with bones)
    Regular weight-bearing exercise promotes bone
    formation. 20-30 minutes of aerobic exercise for 3
    times or more per week.

    PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY
    The first line medications used to treat and
    prevent osteoporosis include calcium
    (Caltrate,Citracal) and vitamin D supplements
    and bisphosphonates taken with meals or with
    beverage high in vita C to promote absorption.
    Common side effects of calcium supplements are
    abdominal distention and constipation.
    Vitamin D and calcium supplements should not
    be taken the same day with the bisphosphonates
    and its side effects includes gastrointestinal
    symptoms (dyspepsia, nausea, flatulence,
    diarrhea, constipation)

    Clients who take bisphosphonates must take this
    on an empty stomach with full glass of water and
    must sit upright for 30-60 minutes after
    administration.
    Selective estrogen receptor modulators such as
    raloxifene (Evista) reduces the risk of osteoporosis.
    FRACTURE MANAGEMENT
    Fractures on the hip that occur as consequence
    of osteoporosis are managed surgically by joint
    replacement or by closed or open reduction
    with internal fixation.
    NURSING DIAGNOSIS
    Deficient knowledge about osteoporotic
    process and treatment regimen
    Acute pain r/t fracture and muscle spasm
    Risk for constipation r/t immobility or
    development of ileus (intestinal
    obstruction)
    Risk for injury: additional fracture r/t
    osteoporosis
    NURSING INTERVENTION
    Relieve back pain resulting from compression
    fracture by resting in bed in a supine or side-lying
    position several times a day.
    Knee flexion increases comfort by relaxing back
    muscles
    Intermittent local heat and back rubs promote
    muscle relaxation
    Instruct the patient to move the back as a unit
    and to avoid twisting
    Teach also the patient about body mechanics

    Encourage the patient to do
    walking exercises
    Daily weight-bearing activity
    outdoor
    Avoid sudden bending, jarring, and
    strenuous lifting.
    Improving Bowel Elimination
    Advice high fiber diet
    Increase fluid intake
    It is also a must to monitor the I&O and
    the bowel sounds and activity
    THANK YOU
    FOR LISTENING
    ^_^

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