Joints Anatomy Presentation
Joints Anatomy Presentation
Joints Anatomy Presentation
Dr Khadija Iqbal
DEFINITION
The point where two or more bones meet is called a joint. The other name of joints is arthroses.
FUNCTIONS
Give the skeleton mobility. Hold the skeleton together.
Classification of joints
1) On the basis of structure 2) On the basis of function 3) On the basis of movement
I. II.
Solid joints: the joints without a cavity . Synovial joints: the joints with a cavity between them.
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I.
1) a. Sutures
Skull only Bony fusion
Solid joints
Fibrous joints: the bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers. No synovial cavity
Bound by dense fibrous connective tissue TYPES: Serrate edges are saw-like Denticulate: tooth like processes Squamous suture: bone margins overlap Plane suture: apposition of flat surfaces
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Fibrous jointscontinued
b.Gomphosis
Teeth to gums Peg and socket joint
c.Syndesmoses
bones connected by ligaments
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a.
e.g epiphyseal cartilage of long bones between vertebrosternal ribs and sternum
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e.g.
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Synovial Fluid
Slippery fluid in joint capsule
Ligament
A band of strong fibrous tissue
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Strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Connect muscle to muscle.
Bursa Fluid filled sacs Cushion the joint and act as shock absorbers
Meniscus
White fibrocartilage Improves the fit between bone ends Increases joint stability Reduces wear and tear at joint
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SYNOVIAL JOINT
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Vasculature of joints
Articular arteries from vessels around joints Often these arteries form anastamoses around joints Articular veins accompany arteries Articular veins like articular arteries, are located inside a joint capsule, mostly in the synovial membranes
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Innervation
Rich nerve supply Most articular nerves are branches of cutaneous nerves supplying the muscles that cross and move the joint( obey Hiltons law) In distal parts of limbs( hands and feet) articular nerves are branches of cutaneous nerves supplying the overlying skin
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Innervation continued
Joints transmit a sensation called proprioception Synovial membrane is relatively insensitive Pain fibers are numerous in fibrous layer and associated ligaments causing pain when joints are injured Sensory nerve endings respond to twisting and stretching that occur during sport activities
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Examination of joint
1. Clinical examination 2. Imaging( MRI/CT) 3. Arthroscopy A cannula and arthroscope is inserted in joint cavity For abnormalities such as torn articular discs
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