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    Analeptic Anti Depression: (Cns Stimulant) and

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    Mohammad Norzaim
    1. Analeptics are central nervous system stimulants used to restore or stimulate activity. Common stimulants include amphetamines, caffeine, and cocaine. 2. Antidepressants work by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit reuptake, while monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) prevent the breakdown of neurotransmitters. 3. Common side effects of stimulants and antidepressants include restlessness, insomnia, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and hypotension. They can also cause mania, confusion, and hallucinations in some cases. Both require careful dosage and have contra

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    Analeptic Anti Depression: (Cns Stimulant) and

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Norzaim
    98 views23 pages
    1. Analeptics are central nervous system stimulants used to restore or stimulate activity. Common stimulants include amphetamines, caffeine, and cocaine. 2. Antidepressants work by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit reuptake, while monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) prevent the breakdown of neurotransmitters. 3. Common side effects of stimulants and antidepressants include restlessness, insomnia, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and hypotension. They can also cause mania, confusion, and hallucinations in some cases. Both require careful dosage and have contra

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    1. Analeptics are central nervous system stimulants used to restore or stimulate activity. Common stimulants include amphetamines, caffeine, and cocaine. 2. Antidepressants work by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit reuptake, while monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) prevent the breakdown of neurotransmitters. 3. Common side effects of stimulants and antidepressants include restlessness, insomnia, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and hypotension. They can also cause mania, confusion, and hallucinations in some cases. Both require careful dosage and have contra

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    98 views23 pages

    Analeptic Anti Depression: (Cns Stimulant) and

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Norzaim
    1. Analeptics are central nervous system stimulants used to restore or stimulate activity. Common stimulants include amphetamines, caffeine, and cocaine. 2. Antidepressants work by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit reuptake, while monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) prevent the breakdown of neurotransmitters. 3. Common side effects of stimulants and antidepressants include restlessness, insomnia, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and hypotension. They can also cause mania, confusion, and hallucinations in some cases. Both require careful dosage and have contra

    Copyright:

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    of 23

    ANALEPTIC (CNS STIMULANT) AND ANTI DEPRESSION

    Alias bin Mahmud Kolej Pembantu Perubatan Ulu Kinta

    DEFINISI
    ANALEPTIC
    RESTORATIVE OR STIMULATING A Medical used as a central Nervous System Stimulant

    STIMULANT
    Drugs that promote the activity of the body system or function. CNS Stimulant increase activity of the brain and spinal cord, producing feelings of alertness

    BASIC PHAMARCOLOGY
    Devided 3 major groups: 1. Psychomotor stimulants create feelings of excitement diminish feeling of tiredness and fatigue increase motor activiti ex: nicotine, caffeine, cocaine, amphetamine, ect.

    2. Convulsants and Respiratory stimulants Stimulate respiration after and overdose of CNS Depressants (Barbiturate abuse) Ex: Doxapram and Nikethamide

    BASIC PHAMARCOLOGI
    3. Psycotomimetic stimulants

    Known as Hallucinogens
    ex: 1. Tetrahydocannabinol (THC) found in marijuana produces feeling of euphoria, sleepiness, delusion, increased appetite, etc 2. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) Induce hallicunations 3. Phencyclidine (PCP) Inhibits re-uptake of Neurotransmitters violant, cramps, slurred speech, etc

    CNS STIMULANTS

    1. Amphetamines
    Methamphetamin, dexedrine, ephedrine

    Street names:
    Black beauties, crosses, hearts etc

    1. Amphetamines
    Mode of action
    Acts by releasing nor adrenaline stored in nerve endings both the CNS and the periphery Become euphoric, confident, initiative, speedy perfomance, anxiaty, nervous, tremours and confusions (large doses) Symptomemetic effect on the heart: palpitations Increase peripheral oxygen, vasoconstriction, restlesness

    1. Amphetamines
    Uses
    Narcolepsy : delays onset of REM sleep Hyperactive children (ADHD) Against fatigue Appetite supression-anorexigenic effect

    Interaction Severe HPT with MAOIs and Beta-adrenocepotor


    blocking drugs

    1. Amphetamines
    Side effects/Adverse reactions Restlessness, diziness, insomnia, generalised
    overstimulation Aggresion, confusion, delusion and hallusination Weigh loss, libido, impotence Palpitation, tachycardia, HPT Dry mouth, diarrhoea/constipation photophobia Ejaculatory failure

    1. Amphetamines
    Contraindication History of drugs abuse angle closure glaucoma

    Cardiovascular disease: Hpt, Angina pectoris


    Diabetes Mellitus

    1. Amphetamines
    Dosage and route of Adminstration
    1. Dextroamphetamine (dexedine, dexedrine, spansule) Obesity : Adult up to 30 mg/d immediate acting 5 10 mg : 30-60 b4 meal ADHD : Children 3-5 yrs: 2.5 mg qid after meal 6 puberty : 5 mg bd/qid

    Narcolepsy: Adult 5-6mg/d in divided dose

    * SPANSULE : one-daily in morning

    OTHER CNS STIMULANTS


    AGENT Caffeine Caffeine Citrate CLINICAL USES Psymotor Stimulant Resp. stimulation in Newborn DOSAGE
    Adult: 100-200 mg Nasogastric 10mg/kg Maintenance dose 2.5 mg/kg/d IM/IV Adult: 500 mg Adult: 2mg/kg rpt 5

    Caffeine Sod. Respiratory stimulant Benzoate


    Doxapram Drug-induced Respiratory depression

    ANTIDEPRESSANTS

    ANTIDEPRESSANTS
    Typical symptoms of Depression
    Apathy Fatigue Thoughts of death Decrease lobido

    Sadness
    insomnia Hopelessness

    Guilt

    ANTIDEPRESSANTS
    1. TRYCYCLIC ANTI DEPRESSANTS
    (prototype: IMIPRAMINE) INHABIT REUPTAKE OF NEUROTRANSMITTER INTO NERVE ENDING CAUSE SEDATION AFTER ADMINSTRATION IMPROVE APPETITE

    ANTIDEPRESSANTS

    ANTIDEPRESSANTS
    INDICATION
    Treat Depression PSYCHOTIC DISORDER (schizophrenia, manic-depression illness) Organic mental syndrome Anxiety with alcoholism

    Preventive therapy for depression

    ANTIDEPRESSANTS
    Side Effects/Adverse Reactions
    CNS Sedation, confusion, delirium
    Eye - Blurred vision, photophobia CVS - Hypotension, Arrythmias, Tachycardia Palpitation

    G/I - Dry mouth, constipation Sweat Gland Decrease sweating Genitourinary - Retention of urine, hesitancy

    ANTIDEPRESSANTS
    2. MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHABITORS Second major class of anti depressions Available agents are: Isocarboxazid(MARPLAN) Phenelzine (NARDIL) Tranylcypromine(PARNATE)

    ANTIDEPRESSANTS
    Normal Nerve

    MAO effects in CNS

    MAO effects in Peripheral nerve

    ANTIDEPRESSANTS
    CLINICAL USES AND ADMINISTRATION AGENT Marplan (Isocarboxazid) Nardil(Phenelzine)
    Parnate (Tranylcypromine)

    CLINICAL USES
    Depression -Refactory to Tricyclic anti depression And ECT Therapy Refractory depression: neurotic(dysthymia) Major Refractory depression

    DOSAGE
    Adult: Start with 30 mg/d in single doses or divided doses. Adult: Start with 15mg mg tds Adult: start with 10 mg bd for 2 weeks

    ANTIDEPRESSANTS
    SIDE EFFECT 1. CNS

    CONTRA INDICATION

    HYPOMANIA

    Schizophrenia

    2.

    Eye

    Blurred vision

    3.

    CVS

    Hypotension

    Hypotension

    4.

    G/I

    Dry mouth, Constipation

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