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    Audi T Responsibilities

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    aamritaa
    The document outlines the audit process, including client and auditor responsibilities for financial statements, categories of fraud, and auditor responsibility for detecting illegal acts. It discusses testing client assertions regarding transactions and balances. The audit process involves four phases: planning, testing controls and transactions, analytical procedures and testing account balances, and completing the audit and issuing a report.

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    Audi T Responsibilities

    Uploaded by

    aamritaa
    60 views33 pages
    The document outlines the audit process, including client and auditor responsibilities for financial statements, categories of fraud, and auditor responsibility for detecting illegal acts. It discusses testing client assertions regarding transactions and balances. The audit process involves four phases: planning, testing controls and transactions, analytical procedures and testing account balances, and completing the audit and issuing a report.

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    Audi t Responsibilities

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    The document outlines the audit process, including client and auditor responsibilities for financial statements, categories of fraud, and auditor responsibility for detecting illegal acts. It discusses testing client assertions regarding transactions and balances. The audit process involves four phases: planning, testing controls and transactions, analytical procedures and testing account balances, and completing the audit and issuing a report.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    60 views33 pages

    Audi T Responsibilities

    Uploaded by

    aamritaa
    The document outlines the audit process, including client and auditor responsibilities for financial statements, categories of fraud, and auditor responsibility for detecting illegal acts. It discusses testing client assertions regarding transactions and balances. The audit process involves four phases: planning, testing controls and transactions, analytical procedures and testing account balances, and completing the audit and issuing a report.

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    You are on page 1of 33

    Chapter 6 Audit Responsibilities and Objectives

    Presentation Outline
    I. Financial Statement Responsibilities
    II. Categories of Fraud III. Auditor Responsibility for Detection of Illegal Acts IV. Managing the Audit Process

    V. Phases of the Audit Process

    I. Financial Statement Responsibilities

    A. Overall Objective of Financial Statement Audit B. Client Management Responsibilities C. Auditor Responsibilities D. Terminology

    A. Overall Objective of Financial Statement Audit


    The expression of an opinion of the fairness with which they present fairly, in all respects, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with GAAP.

    B. Client Management Responsibilities

    Financial statements and internal control. Sarbanes-Oxley requires CEO and CFO of public companies to certify quarterly and annual financial statements submitted to the SEC. The Act also provides for criminal penalties for anyone who knowingly falsely certifies the statements.

    C. Auditor Responsibilities

    Auditor must plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether caused by error or fraud.

    D. Terminology
    1. Material v. Immaterial 2. Reasonable Assurance 3. Error v. Fraud 4. Professional Skepticism

    1. Material v. Immaterial
    Misstatements are usually considered material if the combined uncorrected errors and fraud in the financial statements would influence a reasonable person using the statements. It would be extremely costly and probably impossible to hold the auditor accountable for immaterial errors and fraud.

    2. Reasonable Assurance
    Auditors can not guarantee that there are no material misstatements because: Auditors use judgment based on samples. Errors in judgment can occur. Accounting presentations are based on complex estimates that involve uncertainty. Fraudulently prepared financial statements are difficult to detect, especially if there is collusion.

    3. Error v. Fraud
    An error is an unintentional misstatement of the financial statements, whereas fraud is intentional. For fraud, there is a distinction between misappropriation of assets and fraudulent financial reporting.

    4. Professional Skepticism
    Audit should be designed to provide reasonable assurance of detecting both material errors and fraud in the financial statements. Although an auditor should not assume that management is dishonest, the possibility of dishonesty must also be considered.

    II. Categories of Fraud

    A. Fraudulent Financial Reporting B. Misappropriation of Assets

    A. Fraudulent Financial Reporting

    Fraudulent financial reporting is often committed by management. Harms users of the financial statements by providing incorrect information. Survey results indicate that some of the most common techniques to misstate financial statements are:
    Recording revenues prematurely Recording fictitious revenue Overstatement of assets such as receivables, inventory, etc.

    B. Misappropriation of Assets

    Often perpetrated by employees and sometimes management. Harms investors because assets are no longer available. Misappropriations often result in fraudulent financial reporting to hide the theft.

    III. Auditor Responsibility for Detection of Illegal Acts


    SAS 54 defines illegal acts as violations of laws or government regulations other than fraud. A. Direct-Effect Illegal Acts B. Indirect-Effect Illegal Acts C. Evidence Accumulation When There is Suspicion of Illegal Acts D. Auditor Actions for Known Illegal Acts

    A. Direct Effect Illegal Acts


    Certain illegal acts directly affect specific account balances. For example, violation of federal tax laws. Auditor responsibility for direct-effect illegal acts is the same as for errors and fraud.

    B. Indirect-Effect Illegal Acts

    Indirect-effect illegal acts do not affect financial statements directly, but result in potential fines. Auditing standards clearly state that auditors provide no assurance that such illegal acts will be detected.

    C. Evidence Accumulation When There is Suspicion of Illegal Acts

    Auditor should inquire of management at a level above those likely to be involved. Auditor should consult with the clients legal counsel who is knowledgeable about the potential illegal act. Auditor should consider accumulating additional evidence to determine whether there actually is an illegal act.

    D. Auditor Actions for Known Illegal Acts


    Consider the effects on the financial statements. Consider the effect on management representations. Communicate with the audit committee. Report the matter to the SEC after consultation with the auditors legal counsel.

    IV. Managing the Audit Process

    A. The Cycle Approach B. The Testing of Client Assertions

    A. The Cycle Approach


    A common way to divide an audit is to keep closely related types of transactions and account balances in the same segment. The following segments exist in many businesses: Sales and collection Acquisition and payment Payroll and personnel Inventory and warehousing Capital acquisition and repayment

    B. The Testing of Client Assertions


    Management assertions are implied or expressed representations by client management about classes of transactions and related accounts in the financial statements.
    1. Presentation and disclosure 2. Existence or occurrence 3. Rights and obligations 4. Completeness 5. Valuation or allocation

    1. Presentation and Disclosure


    Management Represents Financial statement components are properly combined or separated, described and disclosed. Auditor Tests Auditor tests whether financial statements are presented in accordance with GAAP.

    2. Existence or Occurrence
    Management Represents Existence is concerned with whether assets, obligations, and equities included in the balance sheet actually existed on the balance sheet date. Auditor Tests

    Auditor tests for overstatement of items

    Transactions recorded occurred during the accounting period.

    3. Rights and Obligations


    Management Represents Client organization possesses ownership rights to recorded assets. Client records show liabilities owed as of the balance sheet date. Auditor Tests

    Auditor tests asset ownership and liability claims.

    4. Completeness
    Management Represents All transactions and accounts that should be presented in the financial statements are included. Auditor Tests

    Auditor tests for understatement of items

    5. Valuation or Allocation
    Management Represents Auditor Tests

    All asset, liability, equity, revenue, and expense Auditor tests whether accounts have been account balances are valued included in the financial and allocated in accordance statements at appropriate with GAAP. amounts.

    V. The Phases of the Audit Process


    A. Phase I Plan and Design an Audit Approach B. Phase II Tests of Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions C. Phase III Analytical Procedures and Test of Details of Balances D. Phase IV - Complete the Audit and Issue an Audit Report

    A. Phase I Plan and Design an Audit Approach


    Two key aspects are imperative in the planning process: Obtain knowledge the clients business strategies and processes and assess risks. This is used to help assess the risk of misstatement in the financial statements. Understand internal control and assess control risk. Strong internal controls may justify less accumulation of evidence.

    B. Phase II Tests of Controls and Substantive Tests of Transactions


    Control risk is the risk that internal controls will fail to catch inappropriate information reporting. To justify reducing the planned assessed control risk when internal controls are strong, the auditor must test compliance with controls. Depending on the assessed level of control risk, the auditor will then perform substantive testing of transactions to verify the monetary amounts of transactions.

    C. Phase III Analytical Procedures and Tests of Details of Balances


    Analytical procedures use comparisons and relationships to assess whether account balances or other data appear reasonable. Tests of details of balances involve specific procedures to test for the monetary misstatement of balances in the financial statements. Most of this evidence comes from a source outside of the client.

    D. Phase IV Complete the Audit and Issue a Report


    After completion of the audit work, it is necessary to combine the information obtained and decide if the financial statements are fairly stated. Appropriate report is then written.

    Summary
    1. Client and auditor responsibilities
    2. Fraudulent financial reporting vs. misappropriation of assets. 3. Testing client assertions

    4. Phases of the audit process

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