South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

formally came into existence in 1985 with the adoption of its Charter at the first Summit in Dhaka (7- 8 December 1985). seven South Asian countries Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka Other regional experiences highly successful strengthen their competitive position
OTHER DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)

SAPTA first step towards the transition to a South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) leading subsequently towards a Customs Union, Common Market and Economic Union. The Agreement on South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) was signed on 6 January 2004 during the Twelfth SAARC Summit in Islamabad. The Agreement into force from 1 January 2006 Trade Liberalisation Programme scheduled for completion in ten years by 2016, the customs duties on products from the region will be progressively reduced. under an early harvest programme for the Least Developed Member States, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka are to bring down their customs duties to 0-5 % by 1 January 2009 for the products from such Member States. The Least Developed Member States are expected to benefit from additional measures under the special and differential treatment accorded to them under the Agreement.
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF SAARC

THE COUNCIL (highest policy making body) COUNCIL OF MINISTERS (comprising Foreign Ministers, meets at least twice a year formulating policy, reviewing progress of regional cooperation, identifying new areas of cooperation ) The Standing Committee (comprising Foreign Secretaries, monitors and coordinates SAARC programmes of cooperation, approves projects including their financing and mobilizes regional and external resources. It meets as often as necessary and reports to the Council of Ministers )
PROGRAMMING COMMITTEE (SCRUTINISES AND PREPARES ANNUAL BUDGET )

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE (FORMULATES , IMPLEMENTS AND MONITORS PROJECTS )
CONCLUSION ;
IT is criticised that SAPTA has not been encouraging not been benefiting the menber nations , one of the major reasons for this is the political conflict between India and Pakistan.
Another reason Is that member countries doesnot have potentialities for trade .
International Management
The BRICS Formation
Introduction
Overview
The BRIC Formation The future significance of BRIC Advantages and disadvantages of South Africa joining Conclusion
The BRIC Formation
Relevance of BRIC : WORLD GDP
Source:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/sf.html
BRAZIL
KEY STRENGTHS
Abundant and varied natural resources Relatively diversified economy Favorable labor costs
KEY WEAKNESS
Social infrastructure is lacking (e.g., investment in energy, rail, road, and ports) High public debt has remained high High domestic interest rate
Source: Global Edge Business Review: The BRIC Countries, Thomas Hult: Vol 3, No.4, 2009.
GDP: $ 2.194 trillion GDP Real Growth Rate: 7.5% GDP per capita (PPP): $ 10,900 Source: CIA World Fact Book
RUSSIA
KEY STRENGTHS
Wealth of natural resources Skilled labor force Relative political stability which has strengthened its regional and energy position
KEY WEAKNESS
The investment rate is among the lowest for major emerging countries Industrial sector lacking competitiveness because of pressures associated with the obsolescence ofcapital equipment.
Source: Global Edge Business Review: The BRIC Countries, Thomas Hult: Vol 3, No.4, 2009. GDP: $ 1.477 trillion GDP Real Growth Rate: 3.8% GDP per capita (PPP): $ 15,900 (Source: CIA World Fact Book)
INDIA
KEY STRENGTHS
Private Indian companies are a key asset to the country, benefiting from advantages in several economic sectors (e.g., IT,outsourcing, pharmaceuticals, textiles). High population growth
KEY WEAKNESS
The financial situation in the public sector continues to be India's primary weakness, with debt service draining fiscal revenues to the detriment of development spending.
Source: Global Edge Business Review: The BRIC Countries, Thomas Hult: Vol 3, No.4, 2009. GDP: $ 1.43 trillion GDP Real Growth Rate: 8.3% GDP per capita (PPP): $ 3,400 Source: CIA World Fact Book
CHINA
KEY STRENGTHS
Industrial competitiveness and diversification Strong foreign financial Investment facilitating the countrys strength.
KEY WEAKNESS
Environmental issues are obstacles to sustainable growth Increasing inequality has resulted in growing social tensions overcapacity threatens several industrial and commercial sectors
Source: Global Edge Business Review: The BRIC Countries, Thomas Hult: Vol 3, No.4, 2009.
GDP: $ 5.745 GDP Real Growth Rate: 10.3% GDP per capita (PPP): $ 7,400 Source: CIA World Factbook
The future significance of BRIC
Source:https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/sf.html
Advantages
May serve as gateway for BRIC into rest of SADC / Africa
Enhance trade possibilities with BRIC countries

Significant inflows of FDI to upgrade and expand infrastructure
Opportunities for new global political platform

Opportunity for SA to lead African emergence as global economic force Benefit from fraternal environment, share economic lessons learnt Platform on which to further diversify away from European markets (limits risk)
Disadvantages
Smallest population and economy size ($300 billion) HIV/AIDS pandemic May lose position as Africas biggest economy in future Runs risk of becoming irrelevant (limited power) within BRICS due to her small size compared to BRICS peers Proposed growth policies might achieve the opposite - Weakening the rand -Direct govt intervention in a range of sectors -Reducing international competition
Disadvantages
Unresolved issues (internal conflict) affecting BRIC cohesion
Limited access due to barriers of entry
Conclusion
Investment origin
Informal association BRIC countries will become a dominant force
Pros and cons for South Africa
Demonstrates South Africas growing stature Potential benefits Great opportunity Final outcome is in our hands

South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation

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South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation

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South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

OTHER DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF SAARC

PROGRAMMING COMMITTEE (SCRUTINISES AND PREPARES ANNUAL BUDGET )

The BRICS Formation

The BRIC Formation

Relevance of BRIC : WORLD GDP

The future significance of BRIC

Enhance trade possibilities with BRIC countries

Opportunities for new global political platform

Pros and cons for South Africa

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