Immune System Powerpoint
Immune System Powerpoint
Immune System Powerpoint
Provides protection against disruption by pathogens or toxins Helps discriminate between self and nonself Pathogen - Definition:
Any disease causing agent (microorganisms)
Types:
Bacteria Viruses Parasites Fungi
Pathogen Comparison
Bacteria vs. Virus
Are they living? Can they reproduce? Do antibiotics work? How do they attack?
Yes
?
Not a cell DNA+ protein
Yes
Yes Enters body, makes proteins & enzymes that are toxic (antigens)
The Defenses
Non-Specific
Definition:
Agents do not have to recognize a foreign invader to fight it (work by preventing pathogen from entering the body)
Examples:
Skin Tears Saliva Sweat Mucus Macrophage
The Defenses
Definition:
Specific
Types of Cells
Helper T cells
1st line of specific defense Help recruit other immune cells & tell them to attack certain invaders
Killer T cells
Can distinguish virus infected cells from uninfected cells by the unique molecular signals on the infected cells surface
B cells
Told by helper T cells to make antibodies to prevent specific antigens from hurting the body. Memory
Lymphocyte Function
T cell response
Attach to foreign antigen bearing cells and interact directly
Produce antibodies
Proteins Can recognize chemical signals from another cell (pathogen) Self Y shape
Helper T cells
Helper T cells start the immune response by activating B or T cells.
Macrophage
Helper T cell
Antigen-presenting cell
APC
B cell
B cells
Activated when it encounters an antigen that fits its antigen receptor Proliferates (colonial expansion)
Plasma cells->antibodies Memory cells-->future fights
Vaccines
Autoimmune Disorders
Auto = self Definition: a disease in which the immune system attacks the tissue of the body; cause is generally unknown Immune system distinguishes self from non-self Examples:
multiple sclerosis (MS) T cells destroy myelin sheath around neurons
Treatments:
Strep Throat
Antibiotics such as penicillin or erythromycin
Rubella virus
German measles
Rubella
Vaccine
Streptococcus bacterium
Strep throat is an infection of the pharynx caused by streptococcus bacteria.
Influenza
AIDS-HIV