Standards of Training Certification and Watch Keeping (STCW)

To Be A World Class Maritime Academy
Standards of Training
Certification and Watch
keeping (STCW)
SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 1

OBJECTIVES
General- Familiarization of marine engineers to

STCW

Introduction
 Maritime law
 The ship
 The ocean
 The crew
 Marine Engineers
 Training education and experience
 Technical cooperation
 Port and flag state control

ELEMENTS OF MARITIME LAW
• LABOUR LAW
• SOLAS
• STCW
• MARPOL
• CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY
• MARINE SAFETY
• CARRIAGE OF GOOD




STCW - introduction
• IMO- Safety of ship., equipment and standards of
seafarer
• ILO- IMO and ILO colaboratory work on production of
guidance document and education and training through a
joint committee
• SOLAS- Government to take practical steps to ensure
comprehensive and satisfactory training and education
in the use of navigation aid, ships equipments and use of
safety devices including devices for prevention ,
detection and extinction of fire.
• STCW- 1975,1977 and 1985 amendment and draft
recommendation
• World Maritime University
1978 convention
• Variation in standards and implementation technique
• First attempt towards establishment of minimum
professional standards
• Attended by 72 countries – considered the largest at that
time
• Passed through conventional method of 25 countries
holding 50 percent of merchant fleets.
• Finally accepted by 114 countries holding 95% of world
fleets.
• Expectation towards highest competency standards

STCW 78 Convention
• Technical provision of the convention are divided
into six chapters:
Chapter I - General provisions- Definition and control
Chapter II - Master deck department
Chapter III - Engine department radio department
Chapter IV - Radio Equipments
Chapter V - Special requirements for tankers
Chapter VI - Proficiency of survival craft
++ Resolution 1- 23

Ineffectiveness of 1978 convention

the following are factors undermined Ineffectiveness of STCW 78:
• Lack of precision in standards – i.e. satisfaction of
administration, recommendation of minimum sea time and
specific knowledge without defining the skill and competency
required.
• Inadequate control of mechanism of enforcement
• Only conventional departmental rank and rating systems
• Assessment of competency based mainly on seatime and
knowledge written exams
• Emphasis on paper qualification
• Standard not pitched high enough (to obtain international
consensus)
• Need more detailed study of methods of training ashore/afloat,
including simulation
• Concern on fatigue/manning level and safety
• Other factors that undermined STCW 78

include: crew reduction , faster turn – around ,
more frequent crew changes and the mix of
different education and training background
resulting from multinational manning
• Challenges of fast changes in maritime
economy and , expertise , traditional
organization duties and responsibilities and
fleets expansion.
• Review commenced Dec. 1992. and
completed in may 1995.
• Unprecedented use of consultants to develop
texts
ISSUES BUILDUP
• Loss of reliability
• Loss of credibility of the convention
• Political and public concern and criticism regarding
human factors as related to disaster
• Claim about IMO Ineffectiveness and UN responsive
to safety need and protection of marine environment
from accidental pollution
•







IMO response and resolution

Setting up of working group subcommittee to organize Diplomatic
accelerated conference on comprehensive review that will deal
with :
• Strengthening maritime administration
• Strengthening maritime education and training capabilities –
especially developing countries
• Empower MSC to assess government performance through
standards reporting system
• Recognize importance of training , education and experience
• Promotion of intergovernmental technical cooperation to
facilitate assistance for weaker nations
• Empower World Maritime University to take leading role in
transfer of education and knowledge through networking of
advance training establishment.
**Ease of acceptance reflected the quality of preparatory work

IMO Response and Resolution

Other resolutions adopted by the Conference dealt with:
• training in crisis management and human behavior for

personnel on board ro-ro passenger ships and training of
personnel on passenger ships
• monitoring the implications of alternative certification
• development of international standards of medical fitness for
seafarers
• promotion of the participation of women in the maritime
industry.
Miscellaneous amendment
• STCW-F
• Harmonized interpretation
• Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)
• New text for special training for crew on tanker

1995 Amendments
• Amendment restricted to Annex of the convention – Existing Annex
replaced by new revised annex one.
• Technical contents of the conventions transferred to a new “Seafarer
Training, Certification and Watch keeping Code”- (STCW Code)
-Part A – Contain mandatory standards
-Part B Contains recommended guidance on provisions of the
convention/ Annex
-Para 2 of Reg. I/1 of the revised Annex gives directions on use of
STCW Code
Amendment and new STCW Code adopted by conference of parties to
STCW 78 On 7 July 1995
Amendment due for acceptance through tacit procedure
Amendment to enter force in Feb 1997 if duely accepted in Aug. 1996


STCW 95
• This regulation is regarded as particularly important because it
means that Governments will have to establish that they have the
administrative, training and certification resources necessary to
implement the Convention.
• No such proof was required in the original Convention (or in any

other IMO instrument), leading to complaints that standards
differed widely from country to country and certificates could
therefore not always be relied on.
• Though STCW 95 was adopted, the STCW 78 apply to ships up to

2002

STCW 95
The main aims of the revision were:
1.to transfer all detailed technical requirements to an associated Code

2.to clarify the skills and competence required
3.to require Administrations to maintain direct control over and
endorse the qualifications of those masters, officers and radio
personnel they authorize to serve on their ships
4.to make Parties to the Convention accountable to each other,
through IMO, for their proper implementation of the Convention
and the quality of their training and certification activities
5.to have the amendments enter into force for all Parties to the
Convention with the least possible delay.

•
Articles of STCW 95 Amendment
The articles deal with entry into force provisions, amendment procedures,
denunciation and various other matters.
• article VI requires that they be issued only to those who meet the
requirements of the Convention
• Article VII deal with transitional provision of certification
• Article VIII describes how, in circumstances of exceptional necessity,
dispensations may be granted to enable seafarers to serve in capacities for
which they do not hold appropriate certificates, but no such dispensation is
permitted in the case of a radio officer or operator.
• Article X requires Parties to apply the control measures to ships of all flags
to the extent necessary to ensure that no more favorable treatment is given
to ships entitled to fly the flag of a State which is not a Party than is given
to ships entitled to fly the flag of a State that is a Party
• Article XI of the Convention deals with technical co-operation and it
requires Parties to promote support for Parties which request technical
assistance in such matters as training.
• The Convention also incorporates in article XII a 'tacit acceptance'
procedure similar to that included in the 1974 SOLAS Convention

STCW 95
• The regulation is backed up by section A-I/7 of the STCW Code which requires the
information to be submitted to IMO by 1 August 1998 and says that it must include the
following:
1 the name, postal address and telephone and facsimile numbers and organization chart of the
ministry, department or governmental agency responsible for administering the
Convention;
2 a concise explanation of the legal and administrative measures provided and taken to
ensure compliance, particularly with regulations I/6 (training and assessment) and I/9
(medical standards and the issue and registration of certificates);
3 a clear statement of the education, training, examination, competency assessment and
certification policies adopted;
4 a concise summary of the courses, training programmes, examinations and assessments
provided for each certificate issued pursuant to the Convention;
5 a concise outline of the procedures followed to authorize, accredit or approve training and
examinations, medical fitness and competency assessments, required by the Convention,
the conditions attaching thereto, and a list of the authorizations, accreditations and
approvals granted;
6 a concise summary of the procedures followed in granting any dispensation under article
VIII of the Convention; and
7 the results of the comparison carried out pursuant to regulation I/11 and a concise outline
of the refresher and upgrading training mandated.

STCW 95
• Section A-I/7 also requires the Secretary-General to maintain a
list of competent persons approved by the MSC who may be
called upon to assist in the preparation of the report required
by regulation I/ 7.
• Meetings of those on the list may be held at the discretion of
the Secretary-General and their views shall be taken into
account in the report submitted to the MSC.
• Regulation I/8 of the Convention requires a quality standards
system to be used where training, assessment of competence,
certification, endorsement and revalidation activities are
carried out.
• Further provisions covering this point are contained in Section
A-I/8 of the Code.

STCW 95
• Other important amendments to Chapter I (General Provisions) include the
following:
• · Enhanced procedures concerning the exercise of port State control under

Article X of the Convention have been developed to allow the competence
of seafarers in carrying out watchkeeping to be assessed and to permit
intervention in the case of deficiencies deemed to pose a danger to persons,
property or the environment (regulation I/4).
• This can take place if certificates are not in order or if the ship is involved
in a collision or grounding, if there is an illegal discharge of substances
(causing pollution) or if the ship is maneuvered in an erratic or unsafe
manner, etc.
• · Parties are required to establish procedures for investigating acts by
persons to whom they have issued certificates that endanger safety or the
environment.
• Penalties and other disciplinary measures must be prescribed and enforced
where the Convention is not complied with.

STCW
• · Technical innovations, such as the use of simulators for training and
assessment purposes have been recognized. Simulators will become
mandatory for training in the use of radar and automatic radar plotting aids.
• Parties will be required to ensure that training, certification and other
procedures are continuously monitored by means of a quality assurance
system (regulation I/8).
• · Every master, officer and radio operator shall be required at intervals not
exceeding five years to meet the fitness standards and the levels of
professional competence contained in Section A-I/11 of the STCW Code.
• In order to assess the need for revalidation of certificates after 1 February
2002, Parties must compare the standards of competence previously
required with those specified in the appropriate certificate in part A of the
STCW Code.
• If necessary, the holders of certificates may be required to undergo training
of refresher courses (regulation I/11).
• · Provisions covering the use of simulators, in particular radar and
automatic radar plotting aids equipment, are contained in regulation I/12
(and section A-I/12 of the STCW Code).

STCW Code
• The remaining chapters are as follows:
Chapter II: Master and deck department

Chapter III: Engine department
Chapter IV: Radio communication and radio personnel
Chapter V: Special training requirements for personnel on
certain types of ships.
• Special requirements have been introduced concerning the
training and qualifications of personnel on board ro-ro
passenger ships. Previously the only special requirements in
the Convention concerned crews on tankers. This change was
made in response to proposals made by the Panel of Experts
set up to look into ro-ro safety following the capsize and
sinking of the ferry Estonia in September 1994.Crews on ro-ro
ferries will have to receive training in technical aspects and
also in crowd and crisis management and human behavior.

STCW Code
Chapter VI: Emergency, occupational safety, medical care and survival
functions.
Chapter VII: Alternative certification. Regulations regarding alternative
certification also known as the functional approach) have been included in a
new Chapter VII. This involves enabling crews to gain training and
certification in various departments of seafaring rather than being confined to
one branch (such as deck or engine room) for their entire career. Although it is
a relatively new concept, the Conference was anxious not to prevent its
development. At the sometime, the new Chapter is intended to ensure that
safety and the environment are not threatened in any way. The use of
equivalent educational and training arrangements is permitted under article IX.
Chapter VIII: Watchkeeping. Measures have been introduced for watchkeeping
personnel to prevent fatigue. Administrations are required to establish and
enforce rest periods for watchkeeping personnel and to ensure that watch
systems are so arranged that the efficiency of watchkeeping personnel is not
impaired by fatigue.

STCW Code

STCW- Chapter III- marine

engineering department
This chapter cover:
• Definition engine room personal requirements

• Establishment of watch keeping guideline and procedure
• The purpose of this procedure is to establish the engine room
watch keeping guidelines.
• These guidelines are established within the Standard for
Training, Certification and Watch keeping (STCW).
• Responsibility of the Chief Engineer to assign the engine room
watch keeping assignments and establish the watch keeping
standards.

Engine department
• Regulation III/2- Minimum requirement of chief and second engineer according to
power of engine – 3000kw or more and passing of approved fire fighting course
• Regulation III/3 – for near coaster- 750- 3000kw, same requirement as above except
reduced sea time to 24 month for chief engineer.
• Regulation III/4 – Minimum requirement for certification of watch keeping engineer
which include:
- 18 years and above,
- Adequate 3 years approved training
- Knowledge of maintenance and operations of machineries
- Knowledge of watch keeping routines
- Main and auxiliary machinery
- Pumping systems
- Generating plant safety and emergency procedures
- Anti – pollution procedures
- first aid
Regulation III/5 – Requirement for sustainable proficiency and updating of knowledge
Regulation III/6 – Mandatory minimum requirement for rating
** regulation is a derivative of standards good practice.

Marine Engineering departments

• A common Engineering crew for a ship is:
• (1) Chief Engineer – certification require completion of min 36 month sea
experience while qualify to serve as second engineer
• (1) Second Engineer / First Assistant Engineer – certification require
completion of min of 12 month sea experience. As engineer officer
• (1) Third Engineer / Second Assistant Engineer
• (1-2) Fourth Engineer / Third Assistant Engineer
• (0-2) Fifth Engineer / Junior Engineer
• (1-3) Oiler (unlicenced qualified rating)
• (0-3) Greaser/s (unlicensed qualified rating)
• (1-5) Entry-level rating (such as Wiper (occupation), Utility man, etc)

WATCH KEEPING SYSTEM

At Sea Watches
• The normal at sea engine room watches are
performed on a 4 and 8 watch rotation. Each
watch is 4 hours long.
• Starting at midnight the 2nd Assistant
Engineer and on Oiler have the watch. At 0400
the 1st Assistant Engineer and the senior Oiler
stand the next 4 hours until 0800.
• The 3rd Assistant Engineer and the third Oiler
have the watch from 0800 to 1200. At noon
the rotation resumes again.

In Port Watches
• Normal in port watches start and end at the discretion of the
1st Assistant Engineer and the Chief Engineer.
• The rotation is also at the discretion, though usually will start
with the watch that was due to have the next watch at the last
in port period. In port watches are 24 hours long with the
licensed engineer and an Oiler alternating 6 hours on and 6
hours off.
• The watch stander with the 6 hours off must be aboard and be
on call during the entire watch period.
• The Oiler starts at noon and at midnight. The licensed
Engineer starts at 1800 and 0600. The noon watch change
must be handed over to the licensed Engineer coming on duty
by the Engineer being relieved.


On Watch
• The watch stander’s primary responsibility is to be present

monitoring the engine room from the ECR.
• The engineer and the Oiler should alternate making rounds in
the Auxiliary Machinery Space, Main Machinery Space and
SCR room. The thruster rooms, motor room and fan rooms
should be checked at least once each watch.
• Depending on operations, deck machinery should also be
checked.
• Watch standing is a science as well as an art.
• Watch standers must keep aware of normal machinery sound,
temperatures and vibrations so they can be alert to small
changes form the normal running of the machinery and so
head off larger problems.












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To Be A World Class Maritime Academy

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 1

General- Familiarization of marine engineers to

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 2

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 3

ELEMENTS OF MARITIME LAW

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 4

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 5

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 6

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 7

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 9

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 10

Ineffectiveness of 1978 convention

• Other factors that undermined STCW 78

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 13

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 14

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 15

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 16

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 17

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 18

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 19

IMO response and resolution

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 20

IMO Response and Resolution

• training in crisis management and human behavior for

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 21

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 23

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 24

• No such proof was required in the original Convention (or in any

• Though STCW 95 was adopted, the STCW 78 apply to ships up to

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 25

1.to transfer all detailed technical requirements to an associated Code

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 26

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 27

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 28

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 29

• · Enhanced procedures concerning the exercise of port State control under

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 30

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 31

Chapter II: Master and deck department

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 32

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 33

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 34

STCW- Chapter III- marine

• Definition engine room personal requirements

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 35

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 36

Marine Engineering departments

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 37

WATCH KEEPING SYSTEM

WATCH KEEPING SYSTEM

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 39

WATCH KEEPING SYSTEM

• The watch stander’s primary responsibility is to be present

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 41

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 42

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 43

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 44

SUL MEE 20 / HAZARD ZONE / FEBRUARY 2008 45