ProjectManagement 1
ProjectManagement 1
ProjectManagement 1
Nature of Projects Project Management Issues Visualizing Projects Project Evaluation & Review Uncertainty Critical Path Management Resource-Constrained Competitive Bidding Project Manager Interactions
Desired Characteristics of
Inputs & resources Outputs
Many Fixed
Inputs & Resources
Transformation System:
Many Variable
Inputs & Resources
PROJECT
Interdependent, simultaneous operations Costless (?) stops Output rate changes by crashing Large variations in production times of different projects Highly skilled labor
Construction PROJECT
Design PROJECT
Advertising PROJECT
EXAMPLE PROJECTS
Infrastructure: Dams, airports, subway sytems Cosntruction: Buildings, factories Transportation: Airplanes, submarines, ships Events: Election campaigns, Olympic campaigns Advertising campaigns New product development New science Management consulting Executive training
Defining Projects
Activities Precedence relationships
Activity X can not start before activity A is completed Activity X can not start before activity A starts Activity X must start within a time window following completion of A Activity X can not finish before activity A is completed Activity X can not finish before activity A starts
Resource utilization
Costs
Duration
pS
pS CO, AR PA fS fD PR QC QC
2
2 4 1 3 7 2 2 1
4
2 1 1 2 2 0.5 2 0.5
Visualizing a Project
NETWORK DIAGRAMS
Activities on Nodes (AON) Diagram Activities on Arcs (AOA) Diagram
GANTT CHARTS
5.
Design
OK
mMS
mMS
OK
Beg
OK OK OK
END
SON
OK
SON
Q B D C
OK OK
U2
End
OK
4.
Each activity is denoted by a unique solid, straight line, directed arc; Each solid, straight line, directed arc must correspond to an activity; Each arc must have a beginning node and an ending node, showing the beginning and the end (respectively) of the activity the arc represents. However, these beginning and ending nodes need not be unique to one activity. To show the precedence relationships the node at the beginning of the arc for an activity X must be separately connected to the nodes at the ends of each of its immediate prerequisite activities.
6.
7.
8.
9.
OK
B
mMS
OK
The same node may act as the ending node of one or more activities while also acting as the beginning node of other activities. A B
A HALL B
R2D2
A HALL B
R2D2
A B
A B
OK
OK
A A
Beg B B
OK
C ZB ZA
OK
ZC
Each activity is shown by a unique, horizontal, directed arc; Each arc must correspond to an activity; The length of each arc is proportional to the duration of the corresponding activity. An activity arc must not start before the ends of the arcs for any of its immediate prerequisite activities.
A B C D E F G H I
4 4 2 2 4 6 2 3 5