Structural Dimension
Structural Dimension
Structural Dimension
DEFINED: 1) social entities 2) goal-directed 3) deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems 4) linked to external environment
CEO
VP Sales
VP Production
VP Finance
Types of Organizations
Small / Large Manufacturing / Service Domestic / Multinational For-profit / Not-for-profit
Structural Dimensions
1) Formalization 2) Specialization 3) Hierarchy of Authority 4) Centralization 5) Professionalism 6) Personnel Ratios
Structural Dimensions
1) Formalization: - the amount of written documentation in the organization - Include procedures, job descriptions, regulations, and policy manuals
Structural Dimensions
2) Specialization: - the degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into separate jobs - Skilled trades often exhibit a high degree of specialization
Structural Dimensions
3) Hierarchy of Authority: - describes who reports to whom and the span of control of each manager - The number of layers of management: tall vs. flat organizations
Structural Dimensions
4) Centralization: - refers to the hierarchical level that has authority to make a decision - Centralized decision making (at top) gives little discretion to lower level employees
Structural Dimensions
5) Professionalism: - is the level of formal education and training of employees - accounting firms have a high level of professionalism
Structural Dimensions
6) Personnel Ratios: - refer to the deployment of people to various functions and departments - Measures include various ratios such as administrative ratio
Contextual Dimensions
1) Size 2) Organizational Technology 3) Environment 4) Goals & Strategy 5) Culture
Contextual Dimensions
1) Size: - is the organizations magnitude as reflected in the number of people in the organization - organization as a social system
Contextual Dimensions
2) Organizational Technology - is the nature of the production subsystem that changes inputs to outputs - Includes assembly lines, classrooms, oil refineries, etc.
Contextual Dimensions
3) Environment: - includes all elements outside the boundaries of the organization - Includes customers, suppliers, competitors, government, etc.
Contextual Dimensions
4) Goals & Strategy: - define the purpose and competitive techniques that set one organization apart from others - Includes mission statements and plans of action
Contextual Dimensions
5) Culture: - is the underlying set of key values, beliefs, understandings, and norms shared by employees - May be observed in stories, symbols, ceremonies, etc.