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Durian Harvesting

Durian is a controversial fruit native to Southeast Asia that is harvested manually from trees. The technology describes harvesting durian that has reached maturity, identified by characteristics like a visible abscission layer and hollow sound when tapped. Mature fruits are cut above the abscission layer and placed in baskets to transport to sorting without touching the ground. Proper harvesting allows durian to have a longer shelf life than fallen fruit and supports new orchards with varieties having thin pericarps vulnerable to damage from dropping.

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Kusuma Darma
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172 views

Durian Harvesting

Durian is a controversial fruit native to Southeast Asia that is harvested manually from trees. The technology describes harvesting durian that has reached maturity, identified by characteristics like a visible abscission layer and hollow sound when tapped. Mature fruits are cut above the abscission layer and placed in baskets to transport to sorting without touching the ground. Proper harvesting allows durian to have a longer shelf life than fallen fruit and supports new orchards with varieties having thin pericarps vulnerable to damage from dropping.

Uploaded by

Kusuma Darma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FFTC Practical

Technology
Fruit and Vegetables
PT2001-10

Durian harvesting
D URIAN (Durio zibethius Murr.) has been called the
most controversial fruit in the world because of its
aroma and taste. It is native to Southeast Asia, and is an
a high organic matter content. Soil pH should be
5.5-6.5. The current technology on harvesting
described here can be used on trees which are not
important fruit in the Philippines. very tall.

Adaptability of the Technology Effectiveness of the technology


Durian grows well in the tropics, in countries with a Fruits from large trees are usually not picked or
warm, humid climate. The best temperature range is harvested but are allowed to drop naturally when
o o
from 25 C to 30 C, with 80% relative humidity. ripe. However, recently established orchards are
Ideal rainfall ranges from 1,500-2,000 mm per annum. planted with improved varieties, the fruits of which
Optimum elevation ranges from sea level up to 800 have a thin pericarp. The fruits will be damaged if
m. Elevations higher than 800 m produce trees they drop onto the ground. Thus, they need to be
which bear foliage rather than fruit, have a longer picked from the trees at the right stage of maturity
juvenile stage, and are more susceptible to disease. (Fig. 1). Hand-picked fruits have a longer shelf life
Soil should be deep, loamy, and well drained, with (5-7 days) than fallen fruits (2-3 days).

Fig. 1. Cross-section of ripe durian fruit

Food and Fertilizer Technology Center (FFTC) Cooperating agency for this topic:
14 Wenchow St., Taipei, Taiwan ROC
Tel.: (886 2) 2362 6239 Fax: (886 2) 2362 0478 The Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural
E-mail: fftc@agnet.org Website: www.fftc.agnet.org Resources Research and Development (PCARRD)

FFTC: An international information center for E-mail: pcarrd@ultra.pcarrd.dost.gov.ph


small-scale farmers in Asia Fax: 63-49-536-0016
The technology indices. The peduncle should be cut above the
abscission layer, close to the branch (Fig. 2).
Immature fruits have inferior eating quality. They Harvested fruit should be held at the
lack the characteristic aroma and flavor, and may peduncle and placed in a bamboo basket tied with
not ripen normally. a rope. After the basket is lowered to the ground,
The following maturity indices characterize the the fruits should be transferred to containers for
mature fruit. The abscission layer at the peduncle transport to the sorting shed. The fruits should not
or fruit stalk is visible and pronounced. The fruit come in contact with the soil, to avoid soil-borne
gives an audible dull hollow sound when tapped. infections.
A slight but distinct aroma is exuded by the mature One method of preparing the fruit for
fruit. The spines are pliable when bent. The harvesting is to tie the fruit peduncle below the
pericarp becomes yellowish green or brown, and abscission layer to the whole fruit itself and anchor
grooves among the spine bases expand. Maturity it to the branch.
may occur from 90-130 days after flower opening, When the fruit ripens and is detached from the
depending on the cultivar. branch, it does not drop to the ground. The fruits
When harvesting, the grower should climb the are then collected from the tree, either by climbing
tree and select mature fruits, using the maturity or by using a harvesting pole.

Fig. 2. Durian tree with fruits

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