Eagles of The Empire Series Rules - v3.1
Eagles of The Empire Series Rules - v3.1
Eagles of The Empire Series Rules - v3.1
1
Eagles of the Empire
Series Rules v3.1 (revised 13 Feb 2012)
Copyright © 2012, Compass Games, LLC., All Rights Reserved
TABLE OF CONTENTS
“+” Indicates that the section contains revisions
can happen in more than one Sequence of Play step, or are will contain a set of playing pieces (nominally called counters)
optional rules such as Rout [19.0]. that represent the leaders and military forces that will be
controlled by the player. And lastly, each game will contain this
In general, sections of the rules are numbered starting with 1.0. rulebook, Scenario Folder and/or Cards that provide set-up and
Paragraphs within each section are identified by a second special rules, and possibly playing style cards that describe unique
number, like this: 2.2. When that section contains subsections, conditions or circumstances applicable to the battle.
they are identified like this: 2.24. When the rules refer to
another, related paragraph, they will have the number identifying
2.1 Battle Maps
that rule included in brackets, like this: [2.2]. This will help you
Battle maps are the surface upon which the game is played. They
find that rule for comparison or reference. Some games in the
are divided into numbered areas that define units’ positions much
series also include special rules applicable only to that game.
like squares on a chessboard. The Terrain Effects Chart (TEC)
These are found on the game’s scenario folder or cards (some
explains the effects of various map features on movement and
games may have one or the other or both).
combat.
1.3 Edition/Revisions Design Note: All maps were generated using historical battle maps
[Updated] This is the Third Edition (3.1 revision) of the Eagles and descriptions overlaid upon precisely mapped topological survey
of the Empire game system originally introduced in 1992 by information developed from NASA’s Shuttle Radar Topography
GamesUSA. As such, it is descended from Borodino, Friedland Mission (SRTM) which generated topographical data for 80% of the
(First Edition) and most notably, the Eylau game of 1999 entire earth’s surface. This data was extrapolated back into the
(Second Edition). Changes from the previous revision that may historical period (thus backing out any modern topology changes) and
have an effect on gameplay are indicated by a bracketed converted into map form. The game areas were then aligned from the
description of the change type at the beginning of the paragraph resulting elevation and historical data. It is our belief that these new
such as [Change], [Updated], and [Clarification]. edition maps present the best possible picture of the topology of the
battlefield and to which the battles historical maneuvers highly
1.4 Questions, Comments, & Support conformed.
If any game components are missing or damaged you may
contact us by email at sales@compassgames.com, or by mail at 2.2 Playing Pieces
Compass Games, LLC., PO Box 271, Cromwell, CT 06416, The majority of the counters represent leaders and units that
USA. Please include a self-addressed and stamped envelope if took part or could have taken part in the battle. The sum total of
you have questions. all the leaders and military units is called the Order of Battle, and
the Eagles of the Empire system uses the historical Order-of-
General help or questions on game play may be posted online in
Battle as its basis for command and control. With any historical
the Eagles of the Empire game folder on www.consimworld.com.
information, especially at the lower levels of organized military
formations, there will be conflicting information. While Eagles
2.0 COMPONENTS of the Empire strives to present the Order-of-Battle as
Each game in the Eagles of the Empire series will contain a accurately as possible, there will always be debate on the presence
playing map, playing pieces, cards, and other materials. There will of some units at a particular battle. Such is the nature of the
be at least one map that portrays the topology of the battlefield. endeavor.
In multiple battle titles, there will be a map per battle. Each game
Every unit has a designation that places it, hierarchically, in the or brigades. A bar running the length of a long counter aids in
order-of-battle. In general, the designation will contain a higher unit orientation for purposes of facing and determining flanking
level echelon ID (such as III Corps), and/or a division/brigade and enfilade fire [12.31, 14.21]. Small infantry counters have all-
indicator (such as 2nd Division or 1st Brigade), or, in the case of around facing. Small infantry counters represent reduced size
Cavalry, by Corps / Division / or Squadron, depending upon the remnants of a larger unit, or special units such as Infiltration
historical organization. Players new to the Napoleonic period Light or Grenadier Units.
should be aware that designations vary by Nationality- The
French often use corps/division, the British preferred Artillery: [Change] Artillery units are those units with a graphic
Division/Brigade, while the Austrians at one point used the term of a cannon or other type of artillery piece on it. In general,
Column more-or-less as a Corps. Eagles portrays 4 pounder guns (the weight of shot) and above
and breaks down artillery into five types: Artillery, Heavy
Artillery, indicated by a black circle surrounding their combat
2.21 Unit Ratings
strength, Horse artillery units, indicated by a horse head,
Design Note: Eagles of the Empire takes its approach to enumerating
Mortars/Howitzers marked by a graphic of those types of guns
(factoring) the values of it leaders and combat forces from the time-
(and noted in the scenario book) and Rockets with a picture of a
honored methodologies of miniatures games (given in the Scale [2.4]
rocket battery on it. Note; Horse Artillery is artillery, not cavalry.
section below). Additionally, there are national and individual
quality modifiers applied to the values to derive a reasonable estimate Artillery units in Eagles are usually comprised of the same type
of the strength of the various forces involved. of guns, with artillery having between four and eight 6 to 12
pounder smoothbore guns. Heavy Artillery is comprised of
Combat Strength: The first number on a combat unit, and the
between four and eight 12+ to 24 pounder smoothbore guns,
only number on an artillery piece. A unit’s relative strength when
while Horse Artillery is comprised of three to six 4 to 6 pounder
attacking and defending, expressed in terms of Strength Points
smoothbore guns.
(SPs).
There are two types of high-angle artillery units,
Morale Rating: The second number on an infantry or cavalry
Mortars/Howitzers and Rockets. High-angle fire guns are not
unit. An expression of a unit’s cohesion and experience; higher
affected by the Line-of-Sight rules; all others are. Mortars and
numbers are better. All artillery units have a morale rating of
Howitzers can range from the very small upwards to 12 inch
three (3).
bores. Rockets vary in size and type and are rare. The Russian
Movement Allowance: A measure of the maximum distance a Licorne artillery piece shares characteristics with both artillery
unit may move in a single movement phase, expressed in and howitzers. Consult a Russian battle’s special rules for the
movement points (MPs). Movement in Eagles is standardized presence of these types of guns and differences in use.
and hence not printed on the playing pieces.
Edition Note: This edition of Eagles of the Empire changes the
Command Radius: The first number on a leader counter, and the definition of “heavy” artillery as used in prior editions. For those prior
only number on a headquarters. Command radius is the number editions, when using these rules, artillery marked as “heavy” remain
of areas through which a leader or headquarters can exert “heavy” due, not necessarily to gun size (as it is defined in this rule set)
command. When tracing command radius, do not count the area but to grouping and emplacement.
occupied by the subordinate unit or leader, but do count the area
Cavalry: Cavalry units are those units with a picture of a horse’s
occupied by the commander or leader to which command is being
head. Heavy (Battle) cavalry is indicated by the unit’s name being
traced.
encased in black. There are four general types of cavalry units:
Tactical Ability: The middle number on a leader counter. If two heavy (battle cavalry), medium (most often dismountable
numbers are present, divided by a slash, it is the leader’s rating dragoons), light (pursuit, scouting, or harassment), and irregular
when attacking (first number), and defending (second number). (special units capable of operating much more loosely than
A measurement of a leader’s ability to direct and motivate units, regular cavalry).
and influence combat.
Players should be aware that these designations are somewhat
Command Initiative: The third number on a leader counter. A artificial as heavy cavalry such as cuirassiers, without their cuirass
leader’s ability to place himself and nearby units in command (plate armor for the chest and back) - are really no more than
when out of the command radius of his superior leader(s). When light or medium cavalry in terms of their protection on the
used for an Army Commander, it is the ability to activate Battlefield. Additionally, Eagles of the Empire uses the historical
formations. designations, such as cuirassier, carabineer, hussar, chasseur,
lancer, and such, and special rules in the scenario books may alter
2.22 Unit Types a unit’s designation for that scenario. For the purpose of clarity-
There are five general types of historical units present in the units designated as medium cavalry are treated as light cavalry
game: Infantry, Artillery, Cavalry, Leaders, and Headquarters. unless the scenario directs otherwise.
Infantry: These units are represented by crossed muskets. The Leaders: Leader counters represent a notable named historical
“long” counters represent sizable infantry units, usually divisions person and their immediate staff. Their counters show the
leader’s command radius, which is a reflection of his skill as well Flanking and Enf ilade: [Terminology Change] Refers to when
as his staff and the number of couriers he had. A tactical rating a long counter is attacked through its sides.
is a numeric evaluation of that leader’s overall battlefield skill at
the particular battle that is the topic of the specific game. A command Force: A sub-formation. A force activates along with its parent
initiative enumerates that leader’s personal ability to grasp formation, but is a discrete group of units with its own leader.
situations and seize the initiative when needed. Formation: All units belonging to the same brigade, division,
Leaders have ranks (grades), and seniority. Generally speaking, corps, wing, column, or a headquarters. Units activate by
the ranks of leaders run from Brigadier Generals up to Emperors formation, and usually may only be assisted by their formation’s
and Kings, though some replacement leaders may be colonels. leader.
Leaders who start with the game have “braid” on their national Leader: Units that provide command and direction to combat
colors. This is to differentiate them from replacement leaders, units and other leaders. Leaders consist of the following types:
which do not.
Army Commander: The overall field commander, who is
Headquarters: Headquarters (HQ) represent the army always in command, and unless specified in the scenario
commander’s general staff, couriers, hangers-on, and various rules, is an ultimate command source.
non-military others (of which there where quite a few in some
armies). The value on a headquarters shows its command radius Intermediate Leader: A leader between the Formation
which is a reflection of its organization and courier staff. Leaders and the Army Commander/Headquarters. An
Intermediate Leader may even have units directly assigned.
Unique to some HQs is the Leader designated as The Chief of
Staff. He is a leader who, when present, is the center of planning Formation Leader: A leader in command of a formation,
and the source of written orders. If the Chief of Staff is present such as a Corps, through which command is traced from
in the Headquarters (in the same area), the HQ command radius lower level units to an ultimate source of command.
Formation Leaders may use Command-by-Initiative to
is increased by one.
place himself and lower level units in command.
2.3 Definitions Force Leader: A leader in direct command of (combat) units,
All-Around: [Terminology Change] A unit with all around through which his units trace command to the next higher
facing (cavalry, small counter infantry), has no facing and may source. Force Leaders may use Command-by-Initiative to
defend or attack into any adjacent area. An area may also be place himself and lower level units in command. Force
designated as having all-around defense, in which case units that leaders are generally only part of a formation.
may normally be attacked through flank or rear (artillery,
infantry long counter), are always considered to be attacked [Addition] Division/Brigade Leader: A leader who may
through their fronts while in the area. assume command of a formation if his Formation Leader is
eliminated. The leader’s counter is kept off-map, he is not
Area: The map is subdivided into areas, with each area being eligible to become a casualty, and his ratings are N/A until
numbered. Some areas contain features that affect how units he becomes a formation leader.
move, attack, or defend in that area.
Subordinate Leader: A leader who has no assigned units, and
Combined Arms: [Change] A type of attack featuring all three is present for tactical or other purposes as per scenario rules.
military branches: infantry with attached artillery and cavalry, all This can include unique persons and artillery leaders. A
from the same formation or the same chain of command non-artillery subordinate leader may replace an eliminated
depending upon the type of command structure the owning leader in his formation. Once this happens the Subordinate
army has [See 14.8]. Combined Arms attack benefit from Leader is no longer considered “Subordinate” and assumes
combat modifiers. the correct designation appropriate to the position.
Defensive Stance: A state that an infantry formation may enter Staff Off icer: Staff officers are attached to a formation, and
representing the formation taking measures to improve its are kept off-map until needed to replace eliminated leaders.
defensive capability at the cost to either offensive combat, If the Headquarters is attacked, staff officers may become
mobility, or both. The most notable defensive stance is where the casualties [3.21].
infantry form square to better fend off a cavalry charge. Other
Chief-of-Staff: The leader of the headquarters formation,
such measures include reverse-slope deployments.
whose presence in some scenarios may have varying
Diagonally Adjacent: Map areas are diagonally adjacent if they implications on the HQ, the command structure used, and
share a common border that consists of a single point with not the replacement of the army commander. Not all scenarios
even the smallest amount of straight border between them. have Chief-of-Staffs.
Facing: Long infantry counters and artillery have a front, sides, Line Off icer: Leaders used only for replacement, when other
and a rear. The unit is said to be facing out through its front side leaders are unavailable.
Artillery Leader: A leader with a single value (+1). Artillery 2.4 Scale
leaders may assist artillery units during bombardment and [Clarification] Each turn represents approximately one hour of
movement. An artillery leader may assist artillery from any actual time during daylight, and two hours at night (and thus
formation. inherently takes care of nighttime movement restrictions). Each
Modif ier: Modifications that affect combat results. There are inch represents approximately 370 yards (which is the same scale
two types: as earlier editions modified accordingly to the increase in the size
of the playing pieces) for small battles or upwards to 500 yards
Percentage: Strength is increased or reduced by a certain an inch for larger engagements. Each infantry strength point
percentage. When there are multiple percentage modifiers (SP) represents approximately 1,300 to 1,500 men; each cavalry
they are added together prior to being multiplied by the strength point represents approximately 400 to 600 mounted
nominal combat strength. men. Each artillery unit represents between three and eight guns.
Die roll: After any percentage modifiers have adjusted
2.5 Charts and Tables
combat strength, die roll modifiers are applied to the dice
All charts and tables necessary for play are included either on the
thrown to resolve combat.
map, in the scenario book, or on cards included in the game.
Range: The distance in areas over which artillery may fire - that
is, project its combat strength. The area the artillery is in is not
counted and thus the first area adjacent in any given direction is SECTION B – PLAYING THE GAME
constitutes range 1.
Seniority: Some game functions are limited to the senior leader 3.0 LEADERSHIP AND COMMAND
present. The army commander is senior to all other leaders. Commentary
Intermediate commanders are senior to formation leaders. When War in the Age of Napoleon was as much about leadership as the
leaders of the same grade are present, the owning player chooses Napoleonic Wars themselves were much about the conflict between
which one influences the action. monarchial aristocracies and the emerging idea of the nation state.
The advent of the French Revolution unleashed the potential of men
[Clarification] Steps: Most infantry units and some cavalry and
who otherwise, due to the status of birth, would never have risen to
artillery units are represented at several strength levels; infantry
command, and the promise of equality and egalitarianism brought
units can have several steps; cavalry and artillery units never
forth many fine commanders from among the citizenry. France
more than two. Each increment is called a “step,” and steps may
fielded an officer corps mostly unfettered by the rigid and limited lines
be lost for several reasons, usually as a result of combat. When a
of the aristocracy and with it took on and won battle after battle until
unit suffers step losses, the counter is either flipped to its reverse
the numbing effect of nearly continuous war finally took its toll. The
or replaced with the counter showing the next lower number of
impact of Leadership was clear, and when the rest of Europe learned
steps. Unless the scenario instructions state otherwise, each unit
the lesson, the tide of Napoleon’s France finally turned.
is set up at its greatest strength. Long Counters have capital
letters starting with “A” as the strongest step; the last step’s letter 3.1 Leaders in Combat
is underlined. Short counters with only one or two steps are During assault or cavalry charge combat, each player may add the
labeled with lowercase letters. tactical leadership of one leader present to the combat strength
Terrain: Terrain affects both movement and combat. There are of units belonging to his formation. This is added prior to any
three types of terrain: strength modifications (such as for terrain). A leader may add no
more than the total strength of combat units involved in the
• Area: Terrain affects entire area. combat.
• Boundary: Terrain affects along the boundaries over
which units move and fire. Example: The French player attacks with an infantry division with
• Special: Bridges, fords, defensive works, roads, trails, a strength of two and Marshal Davout, with a tactical leadership of
and any other type described in scenario rules. 3. Davout may only add two to the attack for a total of four. If the
infantry division had a strength of three or more, Davout could add
An area or boundary may contain more than one terrain type. three to the attack.
When these combinations occur, apply the greater movement
penalty of the two types, not both. Combat effects are cumulative
3.11 When attacking, a leader may only add his tactical
for areas with multiple terrain types; the defender chooses one
leadership to units of his formation (army commanders may
benefit when a boundary has multiple terrain types.
assist any unit in the attack). Any leader may assist defending
Unit Conformation: [Terminology Change] Refers to how a long units.
counter is oriented inside an area. See [13.8].
3.12 Subtract two (to a minimum of zero) from the tactical
rating of any cavalry leader if he is assisting infantry units not in
his formation, even if also assisting cavalry units in the same area.
3.13 Lone Leaders the Field Commander must remain in the area with
If a leader is alone in an area and enemy units enter the area for headquarters in order to provide an ultimate source of
any reason, or assault/charge the area, move him to any adjacent command. All other restrictions of Rigid apply.
area (owning player’s choice) that is free of enemy units and Example: Lasalle’s cavalry at Eylau is a force under the
doesn’t contain prohibited terrain. If no such areas are available, formation of Marshal Soult (IV Corps). Under a rigid
eliminate the leader. command structure, Lasalle’s cavalry units may only be
placed in command if within range of Lasalle, and Lasalle
3.2 Leader Casualties may only be placed in command if within range of Soult.
When units in an area containing a leader suffer step losses
(from bombardment, assault or cavalry charge), the owning • Semi-rigid - A unit may be placed in command by its
player rolls two dice for each leader present. On a result of 12, the immediate superior leader or by a leader one higher in
leader is eliminated from play. Apply the following modifiers to the chain of command.
the roll:
Example: Using Lasalle again, Lasalle’s cavalry may only
• +1 if leaders are accompanying charging cavalry [10.2], be in command if in range of Lasalle or Soult. Lasalle may
PLUS only be placed in command if in range of Soult or Napoleon
(or the headquarters).
• +1 if three or more steps were eliminated in the leader’s area,
OR • Flexible - A unit may be placed in command by any
leader in its chain of command.
• +2 if all steps are eliminated in the leader’s area.
Example: Continuing to use Lasalle, Lasalle’s cavalry may
3.21 Each staff officer with the headquarters rolls for casualty be placed in command by Lasalle, Soult, Napoleon, or the
determination if the area containing the headquarters takes headquarters. In none of these examples may La Salle or his
losses. Add one (+1) if the headquarters is eliminated. cavalry be placed in command by Marshals Davout or Ney,
who command different formations.
3.3 Chain of Command
Eagles of the Empire uses a linear hierarchy of command, which is Unless otherwise noted, Formation and Force leaders may always
a tree structure that allows command to flow down from an attempt to place themselves in command through initiative
“ultimate source of command” to every leader and unit. In order [9.3]. If any ambiguity arises as to which command structure to
to capture the differences between various national systems, use, players must use the rigid command structure.
Eagles of the Empire uses three variations of this tree- called
[Change] NOTE: The type of command structure affects an
“Command Structures”, the differentiating aspect between each
army’s ability to use combined arms; see 14.8.
being how far down any one “flow” of command can reach.
Since, from a practical aspect, command is often traced from the
lowest level unit upwards, the descriptions that follow will adopt
a bottom-to-top form.
3.31 Ultimate Source of Command
In any given scenario there will be at least one “ultimate source
of command” to which units and leaders trace command via one
of the command structures (see 3.32). It is possible to have more
than one ultimate source of command on a side. Unless specified
otherwise by scenario rules, Army Commanders and
Headquarters are ultimate sources of command for units of their
army and nationality (only). If all ultimate sources of command are
eliminated for any reason, and no replacements are specified by the
scenario, then all units and leaders may only be placed in command
through initiative [9.3].
3.32 Command Structures
There are three basic types of command structures, Rigid, Semi-
Rigid, and Flexible. The type of command structure in use will
be specified in the scenario rules. Scenario rules may place
additional abilities or restrictions upon a command structure.
• Rigid - A unit may only be placed in command by its
immediate superior leader in the chain of command. If
a scenario calls for an “Absolute” Command structure,
8.12 If the die roll is greater than the initiative, the player may 9.0 COMMAND DETERMINATION
activate no formations this phase and passes. SEGMENT
8.13 If a player fails to activate any formation, and the opposing Command determination is made once per formation, each turn,
player similarly fails to activate any formation on the next at the moment that formation is activated. Units can be put into
activation, the turn ends. command by one of two methods: by tracing command as per
[9.2], or through Command Initiative as described in [9.3].
8.14 Once a formation is activated, the owning player may go
through the Action Phase with that formation. If more than one
GENERAL RULE
formation was activated at the same time, all must go through At the start of the activation phase, after a player has announced
the Action Phase at the same time. which formation(s) is/are being activated, the player determines
the command status of each formation unit being activated.
8.15 A player may not decline to activate a formation, but is not Command must be traced from a unit (in some cases from a
required to move or attack with all (or any) of the units in an leader) upwards to an ultimate source of command via one of
activated formation (in other words, the player activates a three command structures (see [3.32]). The ultimate source of
formation and declares that he passes). A formation may only be command and the command structure to be used are specified in
activated once per turn. the scenario rules.
8.16 If the leader counter of a formation is “Activated” side up, 9.1 Procedure
that formation may not be selected for activation. Command is traced from the unit desiring command to the
ultimate source of command. Command may be traced from an
8.17 When the activation phase is complete, flip the formation area to any adjacent area with which it shares a common, non-
commander(s)’ counters to their reverse “Activated” sides to prohibited boundary. A boundary may consist of a single point or
designate that they are finished for the turn. A formation which corner (diagonally adjacent) provided both flanking areas are free
failed to recover [15.2] during a previous turn (and thus of enemy units. When tracing command, do not count the area
remained activated) may not be activated again until it recovers. occupied by the subordinate unit or leader, but do count the area
occupied by the commander or leader to which command is
8.18 Players may activate a formation that is out of command,
being traced.
but its units are restricted [9.4].
Reminder: As per [9.5] Headquarters constitute a formation. 9.11 Command may not be traced through areas containing
They must be activated in order to move them and/or any enemy units, but may be traced through areas containing only
attached Staff. enemy leaders.
Example: The French player is the first player. He rolls the die with 9.12 Command may be traced through areas containing only
a result of three (3). His army commander, Napoleon, has an enemy headquarters (with or without leaders) if, on one die roll,
initiative of five (5). 5-3 = 2: The French player may activate two the player rolls less than a 5 (1, 2, 3, or 4 — couriers were daring!).
formations. Following the French activation it is the turn of the
Prussian Player. His army commander, Duke of Brunswick, has an 9.13 The term ‘formation’ is not a rigid structure, and it is
initiative of two (2). possible for one formation leader to be directly subordinate to
another formation leader, or for the Army Commander to also be
The Prussian player rolls a two (2). 2-2=0: The Prussian player may a formation leader.
activate one (1) formation [as per 8.11]. At the conclusion of the
Prussian turn, the French again attempt to activate. The French 9.2 Command by Tracing a Path to an Ultimate
player rolls the die with a result of six (6), which is greater than his Source of Command
army commander, Napoleon’s initiative of 5 so the French player may Leaders and/or units are in command if they lie within the
activate no formations. command radius of a leader capable of placing them in
The Prussian player rolls the die with a result of four (4) which is also command, who must himself be in command. Leaders are in
greater than his army commander‘s initiative of two (2) and thus, the command if they lie within the command radius of their next
Prussian player may activate no formation. Because both failed to level leader, and in turn, that leader is in the command if it lies
activate formations consecutively, the Activation Phase ends as per within the command radius of its next level leader until the
[8.13], with both players beginning the Recovery Phase. ultimate command source of command is reached.
Depending upon which command structure used, it may be
8.2 Action Phase(s) possible for units or leaders to skip some or all of the intervening
The player then proceeds through the six (6) segments of the levels and trace directly to a higher level, even up to the ultimate
Action Phase: Command Determination, Cavalry Charge, source of command, by itself, as long as it lies within the
Assignment, Bombardment, Movement, and Assault. command radius of the leader it is tracing to.
swamp, cross a slope heading uphill, or cross an escarpment. The 10.22 [Clarification] Die Roll Modifiers
terrain effects chart may impose further conditions on charging
units. • Add one (+1) to the die rolls of each cavalry unit that is
elite, lancer, or heavy cavalry. (“or” was substituted for
10.1 Direction and Range “and”.)
Cavalry may not charge units in adjacent areas. Target units must • Add one (+1) to the die rolls of cavalry units involved in a
lie two areas away, counting the target area, but not the area from grand charge [10.82].
which the charge originates. The path taken by charging cavalry • Add one (+1) to the die rolls of cavalry units attacking
must lie along a straight line between the area in which the infantry that failed to form square as per [10.25].
charge begins and the target area. The intervening area must be
empty of all units. All units conducting a charge must originate 10.23 Enfilade Combat
in the same area (exception, see Grand Charge [10.8]). If the cavalry are attacking the flank or rear of artillery and/or an
infantry division, those units may not fire at the charging cavalry.
10.11 [Rule Addition] Cavalry cannot begin a charge if it Cavalry and other infantry in the target area are not affected. See
begins adjacent to an enemy infantry long counter‘s front [See also [10.24] Squares cannot be enfiladed.
Facing 13.9].
10.24 Forming Square
10.2 Procedure If the defending units include infantry and have formed square
The defending player totals the strength of all units in the target [17.1], the infantry and any artillery cannot be enfiladed [10.23,
area plus the tactical leadership of any one defending leader 12.31, 14.21], and the total strength of the charging cavalry is
present. Infantry and artillery unit strengths are halved (total and halved (round any fraction up).
round any fractions up), cavalry unit strengths are doubled.
10.25 Failure to Form Square
The defending player rolls one die for each factor plus the If infantry attempts to form square under duress [17.12] but fails
tactical rating of any leader present. On a result of 6 (no the die roll, add one (+1) to the attack die rolls of the cavalry in
modifiers apply) a hit is achieved. After losses [10.3] are inflicted addition to any other modifiers, since the unit is in disorder.
on the charging cavalry, the attacking player totals the remaining
strength of all participating charging units plus the tactical 10.3 Losses
leadership of the senior surviving cavalry leader present and rolls When a hit is achieved, one unit in the target area loses one step.
one die for each factor. On a modified result of 6 a hit is The owning player chooses which unit loses a step, but no unit
achieved. may lose two steps from a single charge until every unit in the
target area has lost one step from the current attack, no unit may
10.21 Strength Modifiers
lose three steps until every unit in the target area has lost two,
• Reduce cavalry strength by 25% if the target area is at a and so on.
higher elevation.
10.31 The first step loss must be from a long counter if one is
• Adjust as per terrain effects chart. present.
• Increase cavalry strength by 25% if the target is at a
lower elevation. 10.32 [Terminology Change] A player is not required to assign
• See also 10.24 below. any losses to an attached artillery unit until its accompanying
long counter has been eliminated or reduced to a short counter.
10.5 Charge Repelled Example: In situation 1, all units may participate as they are
If the charge does not succeed, it is repelled. adjacent (or in) the area with the leader, and can enter a single area.
In Situation 2, the units in 2C cannot; while they are adjacent to the
10.51 If the charge is repelled, the defending units may fire on leader, they cannot enter area 2D. Conversely, in situation 2, the
the charging cavalry a second time. Artillery units may not fire. leader and his units in 2B could form with the units in 2C and enter
The defending player totals the strength of all other units in the 2D, but the units in 2A would then not be able to participate.
target area. Infantry unit strengths are halved (round any
fractions up). There are no further strength or die roll modifiers.
The defending player rolls one die for each factor. On a roll of 6,
a hit is achieved and a step loss inflicted.
10.7 Limitations
Cavalry that charged during the Charge Segment may not move
during the Movement Segment or assault during the Assault
Segment.
target area into the next area behind the target area. The 11.0 ASSIGNMENT SEGMENT
charge can continue into that area. Three activities may occur during the assignment segment:
• Return all surviving cavalry to the area from which the
charge was launched. 11.1 Headquarters Assignments
If the headquarters is currently activated (the army commander
10.9 Pursuit if no headquarters is in play) the owning player may assign
Once the enemy were in flight, it became very difficult for reserve units (as listed in the scenario instructions) to formations.
leaders to control their cavalrymen who were in the heat of the
chase. Following a cavalry charge in which defending units were 11.11 The headquarters’ command radius value also represents
forced to retreat [20.0], the charging cavalry units may pursue the number of reserve units that may be assigned to formations
the retreating defenders. The charging player does not make this in one turn. This is raised by one if the Chief-of-Staff is present.
decision, though he may use the tactical leadership of his cavalry
leader to affect it. All surviving non-heavy cavalry units that
11.12 Once a unit is assigned, it belongs to the formation to
participated in the charge must participate in the pursuit, heavy which it was assigned until it is re-assigned. Note these
cavalry may pursue. A maximum of one pursuit per combat is assignments on a piece of paper.
allowed. 11.13 If the formation to which it is assigned has already been
10.91 Procedure activated, the unit may move during the current movement
The pursuing cavalry occupies the area from which the defenders segment as part of the headquarters formation, but may not
retreated. The charging player then rolls one die. If the result is attack.
less than or equal to the morale level [18.0] of the charging units, 11.14 This segment is also used to assign or reassign artillery
all of the units (including any leaders present) pursue the leaders to a formation, but an artillery leader does not have to be
retreating enemy. If the roll is higher, they do not. The charging part of that formation in order to assist artillery units’ attacks.
player may add *OR* subtract the tactical rating of the senior
leader stacked with the pursuing cavalry from the pursuit die
11.2 Artillery Attachment
roll. If the cavalry pursue, the charging player immediately
performs an additional charge combat against the retreating Commentary
units. In order to enhance close assaults, Napoleonic commanders would open
up alleys between brigades or even battalions, and drive artillery
10.92 A cavalry unit may pursue into an adjacent area regardless right up to the front; the crews trundling the guns into position,
of movement point cost unless the terrain is prohibited [10.0], loading them with everything from roundshot to canister. This assault
but otherwise all charge rules apply except the required two area tactic effectively combined artillery with infantry and when executed
charge [10.1]. with precision such a combination could be devastating to the
opposing troops. In Eagles of the Empire, players can implement this
10.93 Retreating units may not fire at the pursuing cavalry. If tactic by “attaching” artillery to a long infantry counter, effectively
the area into which the units retreated is occupied by other units, increasing the combined units attack power.
these other units may fire at the pursuing cavalry as per [10.2].
[Terminology Change] Active artillery may be “attached” to a
10.94 If the pursuing cavalry forces the retreating units to long infantry counter during this phase. The long infantry and
retreat again, the pursuing cavalry may remain in place or artillery unit(s) must occupy the same area. The player places the
advance into the vacated area. If the pursuing cavalry fails to artillery unit on top of the long infantry counter to signify its
cause the retreating units to retreat again, the pursuing cavalry is attached status. The artillery is then considered to be part of the
not repelled [10.5] even if they take losses from additional long infantry unit’s command structure, and part of the infantry
enemy units already in the area. The cavalry units remain in the unit for all game functions.
original target area.
PLAY NOTE: The Line-of-Sight rules (See 12.5) apply to
Example: The Russian player has conducted a successful charge bombarding artillery only. Attached Artillery used in assaults may
against an area held by French infantry, causing them to lose more always fire into the adjacent target area as they are being wheeled
than half their strength points and retreat. He moves the cavalry into right up to the very front of the line, line-of-sight and blocking
the vacated area and determines whether the cavalry pursues. He boundary terrain does not apply.
rolls one die, and since he wants to pursue, subtracts the tactical rating
of the senior cavalry leader from the result. The die roll with the 11.21 [Terminology Change] Heavy artillery may not be
modifier from the leader is less than the morale rating of the cavalry attached to a long infantry unit.
units and they conduct another charge.
11.22 [Terminology Change] Horse artillery may only be
attached to a long infantry unit infantry division if both belong
to the same formation.
11.23 [Terminology Change] A maximum of two artillery described above) it was most commonly found in bombardment
units may be attached to a single long infantry unit, even if the batteries. Emplaced by engineers upon carefully selected heights, and
unit is in an extended line [16.0]. laid with measured and calculated precision, the guns would thunder
into action, often hours ahead of the main battle- to soften up and
11.24 An attached artillery’s strength points are included when deplete enemy ranks. Although less of a killer than when used in
determining stacking limits. point-blank assaults, it could still be the queen of death, unless it was
badly placed, in which case, it was nearly useless.
11.25 [Terminology Change] A long infantry unit with
attached artillery has its movement allowance reduced by one. During the bombardment segment, active artillery units may
bombard enemy-occupied areas that are 1) within range [12.4]
11.26 [Terminology Change] Attached artillery may not and 2) have a line-of-sight to the target [12.5].
bombard, but must participate in all assaults in which the long
infantry unit participates. 12.1 Procedure
The bombarding player indicates the target area, totals the
11.27 [Terminology Change] Movement, advance, or retreat by strength of bombarding units firing from the same area, applies
an long infantry unit through boundary terrain that is prohibited applicable modifiers, and rolls dice equal to the strength of each
to artillery detaches any attached artillery. If this occurs during a artillery unit. Each roll of six (6) achieves a hit.
retreat, the artillery is subsequently eliminated if enemy units
advance into the area. 12.2 Losses
For each hit achieved, one unit in the target area loses one step.
11.28 [Terminology Change] Reduction of a long infantry unit The first step loss must be from a long counter if possible. The
to a short counter ‘detaches’ the artillery since the short counter owning player chooses which unit loses a step, but no unit may
is not considered to be a eligible unit for artillery attachment lose two steps from a single attack until every unit in the target
rules purposes. area has lost one step from the current attack, no unit may lose
three steps until every unit in the target area has lost two, and so
11.29 [Terminology Change] Attached artillery may be
on. ([12.21] and [12.22] are the only exceptions to this rule.)
detached during this segment by moving the artillery off the
infantry long unit. The newly detached artillery has its 12.21 [Terminology Change] A player is not required to assign
movement allowance reduced by one in the upcoming movement any losses to an attached artillery unit until its accompanying
segment. infantry long counter has been eliminated or reduced to a short
counter.
11.3 [Change] Deployments
Certain units are designated as alternate deployable units in 12.22 A player is not required to assign any losses to a
various scenario special rules. If the player chooses to deploy headquarters unless it is the only unit remaining in an area. One
these alternate units, he follows the instructions and adheres to step loss eliminates the headquarters.
the restrictions listed in the scenario being played. 12.23 Any leaders must check for leader loss [3.2] if steps were
lost in their area.
11.31 Deployments may be made during set-up, or during the
assignment segment.
12.3 Bombardment Modifiers
11.32 Deployed units may be ‘re-absorbed’ by their parent Consult the terrain effects chart for percentage modifiers to the
division when they occupy the same area during the Assignment strength of bombarding units, then apply the below die roll
Segment. modifiers.
• The firing units consist of at least two (2) guard artillery 12.41 If the weather is rain, bombardment range for Heavy
units. Artillery is reduced to two (2) areas away.
• An artillery leader is in the area with the firing units.
12.42 If the weather is snow, bombardment range for all
• Napoleon is in or adjacent to the firing units. Artillery except Mortars/Howitzers, is reduced to one (1) area
• The artillery units are French or Russian and are in or away.
adjacent to an area with their HQ with the chief of staff
present. 12.43 The first area through which artillery range is traced must
• The artillery is considered “Massed” [12.7]. be the area which the artillery faces [13.9].
12.32 [Clarification] There are several negative modifiers. 12.44 When determining range, count the target area, but not
Players subtract one (-1) from the die roll for each unit firing the artillery unit’s area.
under the following conditions for a total possible maximum of 12.45 Bombardment may be made across diagonally adjacent
one (-1) after all positive and negative modifiers has been areas.
accounted for.
• The firing unit is horse artillery firing at a target at a 12.5 Line of Sight
range of 2. Commentary
• The firing unit is designated as rocket. Although artillery could fire upwards of 1,800 yards, effective ranges
for most artillery remained under 1,000 yards; this is the governing
• It is a dawn, or night turn. (But not a dusk turn- the
value for normal artillery range in Eagles. Gun sighting and laying
gunners have been looking at the target in the
was done by naked eye and raw muscle power. Often, gunners relied
preceding daylight.)
on first and second “grazes,” that is, skipping round shot, at 300-400
• The weather is rain, fog, or snow. yards, then again at 700-800 yards to mow down infantry. Thus
• As per the terrain occupied by the target (see Terrain battlefield (as opposed to siege) gunners shot at targets that they could
Effects Chart). see with cannon fire rarely exceeding 30 to 60 feet in altitude.
• The target is deployed in a Reverse Slope Defense Line-of-Sight rules govern what artillery units can see, and
[17.2], the firing unit is not a mortar or rocket, and the therefore what targets are eligible to be shot at. Although at first
line of sight passes through the slope or escarpment glance, the rules may seem complex, a quick review with
boundary behind which the unit lies. attention being given to the accompanying illustrations will
quickly show the simple concepts behind the otherwise extensive
12.4 Range words. Bombarding units must have a line-of -sight to their
The following Ranges are in effect: target, and must be facing the target area. The line-of-sight runs
from the center of the area occupied by the artillery unit to the
Mortars/Howitzers may bombard enemy areas two (2),
center of the target area.
three (3) or four (4) areas away and range is never affected
by weather. Mortars/Howitzers are not affected by Line of 12.51 Determining Line of Sight
Sight rules (See 12.57). To determine a line-of-sight, lay a straight edge (a ruler or a
[Rule Addition] Russian Licorns may bombard enemy piece of string pulled taut) between the artillery’s area and the
areas two (2) or three (3) areas away however, range is target area. If any area or boundary between the artillery and the
affected by weather. Licorns are not affected by Line of Sight target area are blocking terrain, the target area may not be
rules when bombarding at three areas (3) away (See 12.57) bombarded by that artillery unit.
but they are affected by line of sight (See 12.5) when Edition Note:
bombarding two (2) areas away. This edition of Eagles features a marker in each area denoting its
Heavy Artillery units (18 pounder and higher guns) may “center”. If playing with a previous version, determine the center as
bombard enemy areas that are up to three (3) areas away. best as possible.
Line of Sight rules apply (See 12.5).
12.52 Blocking Terrain
Artillery units (less than 18 pounder guns) may bombard The following constitute blocking terrain.
enemy areas that are up to two (2) areas away. Line of Sight
• Terrain Elevation [12.55]
rules apply (See 12.5).
• Woods/Forest/Special Foliage areas
Rocket units may bombard enemy areas that are up to two
• Towns or city areas. (not villages or hamlets unless
(2) areas away. Rocket units are not affected by Line of Sight
otherwise specified)
rules (See 12.57).
• Any area containing at least one infantry long counter,
or at least three steps of cavalry.
12.53 Terrain in the target area or the area occupied by the Basic Elevation Targeting Rule
artillery unit never blocks line-of-sight (but may modify the die Artillery may fire to one elevation higher, the same elevation, or
roll). one or two elevations lower.
12.54 Boundary terrain may block a line of sight between • Artillery designated as a Russian Licorn may only fire
adjacent areas under the following conditions: at targets up to (and including) two elevations higher, or
one or two elevations lower.
a) A tree-line (but not a hedgerow) that lies along a
• Heavy Artillery may fire to one elevation higher, the
boundary blocks the line-of-sight.
same elevation, or one, two, or three elevations lower.
b) If a line-of-sight passes down the length of a boundary
• Artillery designated as Mortar/Howitzer may only fire
that separates two areas, and the boundary contains
at targets up to (and including) three elevations higher.
blocking terrain, then the light of sight is considered
blocked. The following rules cover specific elevation conditions at the
c) If a line-of-sight passes down the length of a boundary three possible ranges (see also examples on page 18).
and that boundary does not contain blocking boundary Range to Target: One Area Away (Adjacent):
terrain, but both areas astride it (which it separates)
contain blocking terrain (not the boundary but the areas a) TARGET AT SAME OR HIGHER ELEVATION:
themselves), then the light-of-sight is blocked. Artillery may “shoot into” an adjacent area if the target
area is at the same or no more than one elevation higher
[Change] NOTE: Slopes do not inherently block the line-of-sight; than the area in which the artillery is located.
however, they often demarcate areas that may block the line of sight.
For further discussion, see Rises & Elevations below). b) TARGET AT LOWER ELEVATION: [Correction]
Artillery may “shoot into” an adjacent area if the target
12.55 Terrain Elevation (formerly “Rises”) area is at the same or no more than two elevations lower
Design Note: than the area in which the artillery is located.
Terrain elevation in prior editions was comprised primarily of
Range to Target: Two Areas Away:
declaring an area to be a Rise. During the development of this edition
of Eagles of the Empire, a large number of battles that featured a) TARGET AT SAME OR HIGHER ELEVATION:
significant were surveyed. Combined with player input, and the Artillery may “shoot through” an intervening area if the
prior experience gained from previous titles, it was decided that the intervening area is at the same or lower elevation than
simple Rise approach was, in fact, too simple. This edition introduces the area from which the artillery is firing and the target
a more in depth terrain elevation system, yet- at its heart, it remains area is either at A) the same elevation, B) is only one
a relatively simple way to determine what targets artillery can fire at elevation higher than the area in which the artillery is
given different terrain elevations. located.
Elevation is shown by a plus or minus (+/-) number below the b) TARGET AT LOWER ELEVATION: Artillery may
area ID. If there is no plus or minus (+/-) number below the area “shoot through” an intervening area if the intervening
ID, the area is considered to have an elevation of zero (0). Zero area is at a lower elevation than the area from which the
elevation represents the average elevation of the battlefield artillery is firing and the target area is no more than two
portrayed. Negative (minus) elevations and elevations above elevations lower than the area in which the artillery is
plus-two (+2) are rare. Terrain elevation affects the Line-of- located.
Sight rules below. c) TARGET AT LOWER ELEVATION: Artillery may
NOT “shoot through” an intervening area if the
Edition Note:
intervening area is at the same elevation than the area
For earlier games (Borodino, Friedland, or Eylau) any area marked
from which the artillery is firing, and the target area is
as a “rise” has a plus-one (+1) elevation.
at an elevation lower than the area in which the artillery
12.56 Bombarding Artillery & Heavy Artillery is located.
Line-of-Sight by Range d) INTERVENING AREA HIGHER THAN
TARGET: Artillery may NOT “shoot through” an
[Change] The following Line-of-Sight rules apply to intervening area if the intervening area is at a higher
bombarding Artillery, Russian Licorns that fires at 2 areas, and elevation than the area from which the artillery is firing.
Heavy Artillery only. Artillery used in assaults (attached
e) BLOCKING OBSTICLES: Even if the line-of-sight
artillery) may always fire into the adjacent target area as they are
is not blocked by elevation, if there are blocking
being wheeled right up to the very front of the line, line-of-sight
obstacles (see Terrain Effects Chart) in the area
and blocking boundary terrain does not apply.
between the firing unit and the target, and that area is
at the same elevation as the firing unit, the line-of-sight
is blocked.
f) BLOCKING BOUNDARY: Even if the line-of-sight g) BLOCKING OBSTICLES: Even if the line-of-sight
is not blocked by elevation, if there is blocking is not blocked by elevation, if there are blocking
boundary terrain (see Terrain Effects Chart) on the obstacles (see Terrain Effects Chart) in the adjacent
nearest boundary of area between the firing unit and the area between the firing unit and the target, and that area
target (and through which the artillery is firing is at the same elevation as the firing unit, the line-of-
through), and that area is at the same elevation as the sight is blocked.
firing unit, the line-of-sight is blocked. h) BLOCKING BOUNDARY: Even if the line-of-sight
g) INFANTRY IN INTEVENING AREA: Even if the is not blocked by elevation, if there is blocking
line-of-sight is not blocked by elevation, if are long boundary terrain (see Terrain Effects Chart) on the
counter infantry units (regardless of nationality) in the nearest boundary of adjacent area between the firing
area between the firing unit and the target, and that area unit and the target (and through which the artillery is
is at the same elevation as the firing unit, the line-of- firing through), and that area is at the same elevation as
sight is blocked. the firing unit, the line-of-sight is blocked.
Range to Target: Three Areas Away (heavy artillery only): i) INFANTRY IN INTEVENING AREA: Even if the
line-of-sight is not blocked by elevation, if are long
a) TARGET AT SAME OR HIGHER ELEVATION: counter infantry units (regardless of nationality) in the
Artillery may “shoot over” intervening areas if both adjacent area between the firing unit and the target, and
intervening areas have the same or lower elevations that area is at the same elevation as the firing unit, the
than the area from which the artillery is firing and the line-of-sight is blocked.
target area is either at A) the same elevation, B) is only
one elevation higher than the area in which the artillery 12.57 Bombarding Mortar, Rocket Artillery and
is located. Russian Licorns
b) TARGET AT SAME OR HIGHER ELEVATION: Given that Mortar/Howitzers and Rocket artillery are high-
Artillery may “shoot over” both intervening areas if both angle fire weapons, artillery marked as Mortar, Howitzer, or
intervening areas are either at the same or a lower Rocket ignores line-of-sight rules. These guns can always fire
elevation (but never higher) than the area from which from any elevation to any lower elevation regardless elevation
the artillery is firing, and the target area is only one differences or blocking terrain However, they may only fire at
elevation higher than the area in which the artillery is targets up to (and including) three elevations higher.
located. [Rule Addition] Russian Licorns ignores line-of-sight rules
c) TARGET AT LOWER ELEVATION: Artillery may when bombarding at three areas (3) away.
“shoot over” both intervening areas if A) the first
intervening area is one or more elevation lower than the 12.6 Artillery Restrictions
area from which the artillery is firing and B) the second 12.61 Artillery that bombards may not move in the movement
intervening area is two or more elevations lower than segment or attack during the assault segment. It may defend.
the area from which the artillery is firing, and the target
area is two or three elevations lower than the area in 12.62 A maximum of eight (8) strength points of artillery may
which the artillery is located. bombard a single target area from the same (firing location) area:
d) TARGET AT LOWER ELEVATION: Artillery may see Massed Artillery [12.7] below.
NOT “shoot over” intervening areas if either
Edition Note: For prior editions, 12.62 should read: A maximum of
intervening area is at the same elevation than the area
four (4) strength points of artillery may bombard a single target
from which the artillery is firing, and the target area is
area from the same (firing location) area
at is at an elevation lower than the area in which the
artillery is located. 12.63 [Terminology Change] Artillery attached [11.2] to an
e) TARGET AT LOWER ELEVATION: Artillery may infantry long counter may not bombard (these are the only
NOT “shoot over” intervening areas if A) the first artillery units which may participate in offensive assault combat
intervening areas is one or more elevations lower than [14.1]).
the area from which the artillery is firing and B) the
second intervening area is one elevation lower than the 12.64 Unattached artillery may bombard and defend, but may
area from which the artillery is firing, and the target not conduct assault combat.
area is two or more elevations lower than the area in
which the artillery is located.
12.65 Horse Artillery may not participate in Charges (it is
considered Artillery).
f) INTERVENING AREA HIGHER THAN
TARGET: Artillery may NOT “shoot over”
intervening areas if any intervening area is at a higher
elevation than the area from which the artillery is firing.
12.7 Massed Artillery Note: Even though unmanned (and unable to fire), any collection of
Commentary guns in an scenario designated Artillery Park (reserve artillery) which
Artillery truly comes into its own as an offensive weapon when meet the requirements of 12.72, suffer any combat results as indicated.
massed and both the Russians and the French often emplaced guns to
maximize this effect. However, there were serious drawbacks to 13.0 MOVEMENT SEGMENT
massing artillery in the face of the enemy, the principle problem being [Clarification] During the movement segment, the phasing
the proximity of the guns to each other significantly increasing the risk player may move and/or reface his or her active units that have
to the batteries from the enemy artillery shooting into the not conducted a charge or bombardment. A unit may enter an
emplacement. area containing other friendly units as long as stacking limits
Edition Note: Massed Artillery does not apply to prior editions. [13.6] are not exceeded at any time. Facing [13.9] has no effect
on movement. A unit is not required to move into the area it
12.71 [Clarification] Whenever five or more Artillery type faces (exception, Road Movement [13.3]). Note: in Eagles of the
units (not strength points) fire together at a single target from a Empire, a unit must be able to pay the full movement cost of
single (firing location) area, +1 is added to the bombardment die entry into an area; there is no automatic movement of one area.
roll (in addition to other bonuses).
13.1 Procedure
12.72 Counter-Battery Fire Units are moved from area to adjacent area. Units which begin
[Clarification] Whenever there are five or more Artillery type together and plan to stay together are moved together, otherwise
units (not strength points) in a single area, the opposing player units are moved one at a time. As a unit enters each area, it
may specifically target the massed artillery using Counter- expends movement points (MPs) from its movement allowance
Battery Fire. Only artillery units suffer losses from Counter- as noted on the Terrain Effects Chart (TEC). A unit may not
Battery fire. All losses are doubled. exceed its movement allowance in a single game-turn.
13.11 [Clarified] Units may move across diagonal corners of 13.25 Units that are marked with a Rout marker must conduct
areas when not otherwise prohibited by terrain or enemy units. rout movement as per [19.3].
Diagonal corners can include four, five, or more corners; in all
cases, areas not moved into must meet the rules below. 13.3 Roads and Trails
To obtain the movement benefit of a road or trail, movement
A. The movement is not otherwise prohibited by terrain.
must follow the road or trail across an area boundary containing
B. The movement is not otherwise blocked by other units the road or trail. Moving from one area containing a road or trail
as described below: to another, when the two are not actually connected by that road
• B1. Diagonal movement is blocked if EITHER of or trail, does not count as road or trail movement.
the two (or three or more) diagonally adjacent corner
areas (across the line of intended movement) are 13.31 A unit expends 1/2 MP to enter an area along a road, and
occupied by enemy combat units. 1 MP to enter an area along a trail.
• B2. Diagonal movement is blocked if both (or three 13.32 [Change] Both roads and trails can negate a number of
or more) of the diagonally adjacent corner areas movement penalties (see Terrain Effects Chart).
(across the line of intended movement) are occupied
by one or more friendly combat units AND the 13.33 A unit may follow both a road and a trail during the same
move would violate the stacking limits in BOTH movement segment.
(not just one) of the friendly occupied areas.
13.34 A unit may not use the road movement rate or any
Design Note: although the move is diagonally across (and the movement benefits of road or trail movement to enter an area adjacent to an
point cost paid is only that for the diagonal move), it is assumed that the enemy unit.
moving unit must occupy at some point portions of the diagonally adjacent
occupied area(s) it is moving past, and thus the stacking limits apply; if the 13.35 A long counter unit must be oriented along the road
stacking limits are violated in both friendly areas, the move is blocked.
when using road movement. If a unit did not begin the turn
13.12 A unit may never enter an area containing an enemy oriented along the road it can only end in an area using road
combat unit. movement if it conforms to the area, since facing may only be
changed at the beginning or the end of the movement segment
13.13 During the movement segment, units allowed by scenario [13.9].
rules may enter/leave square formation [17.1], deploy/leave reverse
slope positioning [17.2], or extend/retract their lines [16.0].
13.36 Bridges and fords allow road or trail movement to
continue across a river, minor river, stream or brook. Unless
otherwise noted on the terrain effects chart, crossing at a ford
Leaders 4 costs one (1)additional MP. Attacks across a bridge suffer a 50
Cavalry 3 percent reduction in strength (round total up); all other effects
Horse Artillery 3 are those of the terrain type crossed by the bridge or ford.
Headquarters 2
Infantry 2 13.4 Leader Movement
Artillery 2 Leaders may move when their formation is activated. An army or
Infantry with attached artillery 1 intermediate (only present in some games) commander may
move when any formation they command is activated, but only
once per turn. Leaders pay either infantry or cavalry movement
13.2 Movement Allowances costs, whichever is less.
Movement allowances are standardized as follows:
13.5 Headquarters Movement
13.21 Units that are out of command [3.3] have their A Headquarters may not move unless accompanied by either the
movement allowance reduced by one, but never below 1. chief of staff or the army commander. Headquarters follow all
artillery movement restrictions. A headquarters and any attached
13.22 If the weather is rain, all units have their movement
units are a formation, and must be activated in order to move.
allowanced reduced by one, but never below 1.
13.23 If the weather is snow, all units have their movement 13.6 Stacking
allowanced reduced by two, but never below 1. More than one unit may occupy an area at the same time. This is
called “stacking.” Only a certain number of strength points may
13.24 An artillery leader may increase the movement allowance occupy a single area at one time. Stacking limitations apply at all
of any one non-attached and non-horse artillery unit by 1 by times. Units may move freely through areas occupied by friendly
starting with and moving with it. units as long as they do not exceed the area’s stacking limits. A
long counter may not use road movement [13.3] when entering
an area already containing a long counter.
13.61 Each area on the map has a specific stacking limit. This 13.72 Regardless of other considerations, an infantry long
is the maximum number of strength points that may occupy the counter may never be placed on top of another infantry long
area at one time. A unit’s stacking value equals the number of counter and all long counters must meet the requirements of the
strength points it possesses. Headquarters and leaders have a Unit Conformation rules [13.8].
stacking value of zero.
13.8 Unit Conformation
13.62 Each area also has a threshold of strength points, above The size of an area and that of a long counter are related. A unit
which it is considered to be “densely stacked”. Units in areas that must fit within an area so that it does not extend over the
are densely stacked suffer several penalties and restrictions [12.3 boundary into an adjacent area.
and 19.1].
13.81 A unit which crosses the boundaries of its area to such an
13.63 Stacking Limits extent as it would touch the inner surface of an adjacent area may
Most areas are fairly uniform in the number of strength points not be placed in the area. A unit may overlap water symbols, as
they can hold, even if not uniform in size due to terrain. Some long as it does not cross into the adjacent area.
games may have areas which can hold more, and these are
denoted by a circle in the area containing a “2” or “3” in it, which 13.82 Areas along the edge of the map that are too small to allow
affects stacking and also indicates the number of long counters the placement of long counters, are considered to extend beyond
which may occupy the area. the edge of the map and long counters may be oriented such that
they extend beyond the map edge (but not adjacent areas).
Normal Area Circle 2 Area
13.9 Facing
Maximum: 15 Maximum: 21 Long counters and artillery units must be placed facing a certain
Dense: 11-15 Dense: 15-21 direction during movement (or retreat). Facing is the direction in
which the front of a long counter is pointing. During the
No more than one infantry long No more than two infantry long movement phase, the phasing player may change the facing of
counter may occupy the area. counters may occupy the area. any active unit at the beginning OR end of the unit’s movement,
but not both. The owning player may change the facing of units
which advance [14.5] or retreat [20.0] during the combat phase.
When setting up the game, the owning player determines unit
Circle 3 Area Town or City facing.
Maximum: 25 Maximum: 12 13.91 [Terminology Change] The line running lengthwise
Dense: 18-25 Dense: N/A across an infantry long counter or artillery counter separates the
No more than three infantry No more than one, two or three unit’s front from its back. Any adjacent area that lies wholly in
long counters may occupy the infantry long counters may front of this line is in the division’s front. Any area bisected by an
area. occupy the area (per number extension (left and right) of the command line is on the long
indicated on the map). counter’s flank. Any area that lies wholly behind the line is in the
unit’s rear. Units which are attacked from their flank (enfiladed)
or rear are at a severe disadvantage.
13.64 Any number of leaders may be placed on top of an Example: [Terminology Change] This infantry long counter’s line
infantry long counter. Up to two artillery units may be stacked if has been extended to show which areas it bisects. Those areas are on
attached to the long counter [11.2]. All other units may be the long counter’s flanks. All areas in front of the line are frontal and
stacked freely in one pile as long as that pile fits into the area and all areas behind the line are in the long counter’s rear.
meets both the stacking limitations and the conformation rule.
Leaders may be placed on either the “long” or the “short” counter
stacks.
13.92 [Terminology Change] Infantry long counter and artillery Example: [Terminology Change] A French 4-4 long counter and a
in an area containing a hexagon symbol (All-around defense) Spanish 3-2 long counter are both in woods area which give a -25%
face in all directions. modifier to attacker strength. If the French assault the Spanish the
French strength is reduced to three (3), though the French gain a +1
13.93 [Terminology Change] If more than one infantry long modifier to each die for having a morale level twice that of the
counter occupies the same area, they may face in different Spanish. Spanish fire is unaffected.
directions as long as they meet conformation requirements
[13.8]. 14.13 Multiple Areas: Attacking units in multiple areas may
assault one area. In such a case, all modifiers and morale levels are
13.94 Cavalry and infantry units on short counters face in all calculated separately. For instance, if one area has combined arms
directions. bonus and the other does not, only the area with it gains that
modifier. Units may not “split” its strength to attack more than
one target area during a single assault (exception: Extended
14.0 Assault Segment Lines [16.0]).
Commentary
Napoleonic tactics usually defines two types of infantry combat, Fire- 14.2 Modifiers
musket and occasionally rifle arms fire conducted by infantry in
multiple ranks, and Assault Combat, wherein infantry, also in ranks, 14.21 Strength Modifiers [Clarification]
marches forward into close contact with the enemy, often, but not
always, leading to hand-to-hand fighting. Because Eagles scale is at • Reduce strength by 25% if weather is rain or snow
the Divisional (and sometimes Demi-Brigade/Brigade) level, and (unless the infantry is listed as rifle equipped in the
because an Eagles turn is one-hour, both fire and assault combat by scenario book).
infantry is collected into a single form of combat, called Assault • Reduce strength by 25% if the unit’s target is at a higher
Combat. Thus, in Eagles, Assault Combat includes the weapons fire elevation than the unit.
of linear infantry (principally, the musket) and the subsequent
• Reduce strength by 50% if the unit is in square [17.1].
advance into close contact with the enemy to engage in hand to hand
combat. Additionally, Assault Combat is most effective when stiffened • [Terminology Change] Reduce defending artillery and
by artillery emplaced within the assaulting force (attached artillery) infantry long counter strength by 50% if they are being
and supported by cavalry in a “Combined Arms” attack. attacked through flank.
• Adjust as per terrain effects chart.
Assault combat occurs between adjacent opposing units during
the Combat Segment. Assault is always voluntary. The active • Increase strength by 25% if the unit’s target is at a lower
player is the attacker and his or her opponent is the defender. elevation than the unit.
• [Omission in 3.0] A cavalry unit’s strength is reduced
14.1 Procedure 50% in assault Combat.
14.11 [Clarified] Retreat Before Assault
An area containing only Cavalry units, including horse artillery 14.22 Die Roll Modifiers [Clarification]
and leaders, may retreat one area to avoid an assault that contains Players add one (+1) to the assault die roll(s) if any of the following
no cavalry (that is, by infantry alone, or infantry with attached conditions occur, to a total possible maximum of two (+2).
artillery). The assaulting units may occupy the vacated target
• Add one (+1) to each die from units that are elite
area.
(applies to both attacker & defender)
14.12 In an assault, both the attacking and defending units fire • Add one (+1) to each die when the attacking units
simultaneously. Only activated units may attack, and each cavalry include infantry, cavalry, and artillery that meet the
unit participating in assault combat has its strength halved (total combined arms requirement of [14.8]. (attacker only)
and round any fraction up). The attacking player totals the • [Terminology Change] Add one (+1) to each die for
strength of all participating attacking units and adds the tactical units who assault from a defending infantry long
leadership of any one leader present (owning player’s choice), then counter’ flank or rear.
applies any modifiers (below). This total is the number of dice
rolled by the attacking player. On each result of 6 a hit is achieved. • Add one (+1) to each die for units assaulting an area
whose morale [18.0] is twice that of the enemy.
The defending player then chooses one area from which the • Add one (+1) for infantry and artillery defending
attack was launched as the target of his or her fire, and repeats against a Massed Column Assault.
the procedure, with the exception that the terrain from which the
attacker is assaulting does not modify the defender’s fire. As • Add two (+2) for long counter infantry conducting a
assault results take effect simultaneously, any losses caused Massed Column Assault.
during the attacking player’s assault do not alter the defender’s
capabilities until after the assault has been resolved.
the compactness of the troops and their inability to maneuver save in Semi-Rigid: The units involved in the combined arms attack
the direction that the column was moving. must all belong to formations belonging to the next higher leader
in the chain of command.
When permitted by scenario, a player may declare a Massed
Column assault against an area containing enemy long counter Flexible: The units involved in the combined arms attack must
infantry that is at least one area away. The declaration is made all belong to formations that belong to any leader in the same
during the movement segment, and the assaulting unit(s) is chain of command and can include the Army Commander.
moved adjacent to the target area.
14.81 In the case of combined arms attacks conducted under
14.71 [Terminology Change] Artillery cannot be attached to Semi-Rigid and Flexible command structures, all units involved
infantry long counters conducting Massed Column Assaults, nor must also be within the command radius of an appropriate leader
can infantry units conducting a Massed Column Assault ever in the correct chain of command.
benefit from combined arms attack.
15.2 Recovery 15.33 Although a formation leader, the chief-of-staff may only
[Change] [Terminology Change] During the recovery phase, be replaced by a staff officer (line officer if no staff officers are
infantry long counters (only) which have suffered casualties may available). This replacement officer does not extend the
attempt to regain strength. Units attempting to recover must be: command radius [9.5] of the headquarters as does the original
chief-of-staff.
• At least two areas from any enemy long infantry
counter, and out of the range and line of sight of any 15.34 A force leader may be replaced by any non-artillery
enemy artillery units. subordinate leader within the formation, or by a staff or line
• Non-adjacent to any enemy cavalry units. officer as desired.
• In the same area as a leader who is in unit’s chain of 15.35 Subordinate leaders may not be replaced.
command (the force leader, formation leader, any
intermediate leaders, or the army commander). 15.36 If there are no remaining combat units in a force or
• In command. formation, the leader commanding it may not be replaced.
• Not routed.
15.4 Conclude Turn
Procedure Players advance the turn marker and begin the sequence of play
The owning player rolls one die for each infantry long counter for the next turn.
attempting to recover steps. If the result is less than or equal to
the infantry’s current morale level, the unit regains one-step.
SECTION C – ADDITIONAL RULES
15.21 Limits. An infantry unit may never be recovered to the
strength level at which it began the scenario (usually the “A” level).
16.0 EXTENDED LINES
15.22 Recovered steps are not considered eliminated for victory [Change] As per scenario rules, “extended line” markers allow an
conditions purposes unless stated otherwise by the scenario’s infantry long counter to occupy more than one area. Extended
victory conditions. line markers act as infantry long counter, with some restrictions.
Activated infantry long counter that are in command may extend
15.3 Replacement (Leaders) their lines during the movement segment. The infantry long
The player may designate division, staff, or subordinate leaders to counter expends movement points as if the entire unit were
replace eliminated and/or promoted army commanders, moving into the area into which an extension is formed.
formation leaders, and force leaders within the limitations of the Retraction of an extended line is performed in the same manner,
scenario rules and below. with the addition that a line may also be retracted through a
15.31 If the army commander has been eliminated, he may be retreat (one section retreats into the area occupied by the other).
replaced by any formation leader. The formation leader may 16.1 Strength
retain direct command of his formation or be replaced in turn by [Terminology Change] An extended line marker represents the
another leader at player discretion. fraction of the infantry long counter’s strength shown on the
15.32 A formation leader may be replaced in accordance with marker. The long counter itself retains any fraction.
the following priorities: Example: The Russian player deploys a “1/2” extended line marker for
A. [Terminology Change] If a lower level leader is available a 5-6 infantry long counter. The marker has a strength of 2, and the
within a formation, that lower level leader (the player’s long counter a strength of 3.
choice when more than one is available) must be elevated
to command the formation. He is placed in an area 16.2 Morale
containing an infantry unit of his command. There is no [Change] The extended line marker and infantry long counter
effect on his command (whatever it is, i.e. a division, a retain the morale of the infantry long counter.
brigade, a regiment) as it is assumed a competent
subordinate has taken command of the division. 16.3 Movement
[Change] An infantry long counter and extended line marker
B. [Terminology Change] When no lower level leaders
may move normally, but they must always occupy adjacent areas.
are available, any force or non-artillery subordinate
leader in that formation may be elevated to command
the formation.
16.4 Retreat
[Change] An infantry long counter and extended line marker
C. If no other leaders are available, any staff or line officer
retreat normally [20.0], but must always remain adjacent.
may be given command of the formation.
Additionally, one part may always retreat into the area with the
D. If no leaders at all are available, a non-counter leader other, in which case the extended line marker is removed.
with the values of 1-0-1 is assumed.
16.5 Command been the bane of infantry for centuries, the growing power of
[Change] If either the infantry long counter or an extended line gunpowder, and the development of ever more deadly arms was
marker is out of command [9.4], all are out of command. already taking its toll on the traditions of linear warfare. More and
more, troops, particularly in the Peninsular (Spain) War, when faced
16.6 Attached Artillery with an overwhelming mass of enemy, would take to firing from
No more than one artillery unit may be attached [11.2] to a behind rises, slopes, berms, and other advantageous terrain, forgoing
single extended line marker. much of the nature of line warfare for improved safety while still
being able to deliver significant arms fire. Although the British were
16.7 Losses best known for it, others used it as well. Square is available to all
[Change] [Terminology Change] If an extended line marker or players (unless prohibited by scenario), while Reverse Slope is
a infantry long counter that has deployed an extended line permitted to players only if the scenario allows it.
marker suffers step losses, the losses are inflicted on the long Units can assume defensive stances. There are two stances:
counter’s total strength. Square and Reverse Slope deployment. Other types of defensive
Example: [Terminology Change] The Austrian player has deployed stance may be defined in scenario rules. Only infantry can form
a “1/2” extended line marker for a 5-5 infantry long counter. It suffers square (unless otherwise stated in the scenario rules) and only
three step losses. The long counter has a total strength of 2, with the Infantry and Artillery Units may deploy on reverse slopes if
long counter and its extended line marker having strength of 1 each. allowed by scenario rules.
If the long counter had taken four step losses, the extended line marker
would be removed and the long counter would have strength of 1. 17.1 Squares [see also 10.24]
Only infantry can form square (unless otherwise stated in the
16.8 Double Extension scenario rules). Units in an area may enter “square” formation as
[Change] A player may extend an infantry long counter into two a defense against enemy cavalry under the following conditions:
adjacent areas with “1/3” strength extended line markers. Both • At least one infantry strength point must be in the area.
markers must be in areas adjacent to the infantry long counter
(not merely adjacent to each other). The infantry long counter • Cavalry and artillery strength points in the area do not
still retains any fractional strength. equal or outnumber infantry strength points.
The player may not elect to extend a single “1/3” strength marker 17.11 Squares by Intent: During the movement segment,
in order to retain “2/3” strength in the infantry long counter, as the player may place units into, or take them out of square at the
extended line markers represent roughly equal distribution of a cost of one movement point.
unit’s strength.
17.12 [Terminology Change] Squares under Duress: If an
Example: [Terminology Change] The Prussian player deploys two area with an infantry unit is the target of a cavalry charge, the
“1/3” strength extended line markers on either side of a 5-7 infantry defending player may attempt to have the defenders form square
long counter. Each extended line marker has a strength of 1 and the by rolling a die. If the roll is less than or equal to morale value
long counter a strength of 3. [18.0], of the largest infantry unit in the area (players choice if
there are two equally large units in the area), they have formed
16.9 Restrictions square. For the purpose of forming squares under duress:
Units with extended line markers may not conduct massed
column assault [14.7], form square [17.1] or deploy on reverse • Add the value of the tactical leadership of the senior
slopes [17.2]. non-cavalry/artillery leader present.
• Do NOT add one to the morale value of infantry long
counters if they have attached artillery.
17.0 DEFENSIVE STANCES
Commentary 17.13 Once units have successfully formed square under duress
With cavalry at its zenith, and artillery and infantry fire gaining and the cavalry charge has been resolved, that square is
ever growing potency, Infantry relied on two key methods, one considered to be by intent for any further actions.
ancient, and one of a more recent nature to protect themselves in dire
17.14 Units in squares suffer no penalties from being attacked
situations, or to take advantage of tactical conditions. Squares, the
through flank or rear. In effect, they have ‘all around defense’.
collapsing into a tight formation with pike, lance, or bayoneted
musket thrust outwards, was the principle defense against the charge. 17.15 Units in squares may not move, attack (they may defend),
Its highly dense mass of human flesh inhibited the tendency to flee, and and may not voluntarily retreat. Units in square which are forced
provided a formidable obstacle to a sword armed horseman. Properly to retreat will automatically rout [19.0].
formed, even green troops could fend off all but the most severe of
heavy cavalry charges. Improperly formed, or with raw or exhausted 17.16 Units in square may be brought out of square during the
troops, it could break; a broken square in the path of a thundering movement phase of their formation(s), at the cost of one
charge often spelled disaster for its members. Although cavalry had movement point.
17.17 [Addition for Clarification] Units in an area are either in 18.0 MORALE
square or not (that is, some cannot be in square while others are Commentary
not). Unit’s entering and stopping movement in an area that “Morale is to material as is the ratio of three to one.” So goes a quote
already has units in square must themselves enter square unless often attributed to Napoleon. Essentially, the toughness, mindset, and
the situation permits the player to bring all of units in that area feelings of the army is greater than its material resources. This is a core
out of square [see 17.16]. dictum of any military organization. Regardless of the tactical
situation, the superiority of weapons, or the operational capability of
17.2 Reverse Slopes the force, if the army loses heart, then all is lost. Morale is a key factor
Infantry units (both long and short) and artillery may assume a underlying Eagles. In general, starting morale will be about equal to
Reverse Slope Defense, only if allowed by scenario rules. starting strength. Veteran or elite, or simply units with greater élan,
have higher morale; cavalry tends to have greater starting morale
17.21 During the movement segment, the player may place than infantry. Artillery, the most mechanistic of the arms, is given a
units into, or take them out of a Reverse Slope Defense at the single rating (of 3). As Infantry and Cavalry lose strength- as losses
cost of one movement point. Any attached artillery is considered mount, morale drops. Morale allows units to do things if they pass
as part of the Reverse Slope Defense. Place a Reverse Slope their morale (heart) check- and it allows units to recover from
Marker on the unit. situations. Morale is the lifeblood of a fighting force.
Units eligible to assume a Reverse Slope Defensive position may [Terminology Change] Every unit except for artillery and
do so behind any slope or escarpment boundary. It does not headquarters has a morale value on its counter (All artillery units
matter on which side the unit is. Units in a Reverse Slope have a morale rating of 3). Morale values have an effect on
Defense may take advantage of all slope or escarpment combat [14.22] and a unit’s ability to take losses in lieu of
boundaries in the area in which the unit is. retreating [14.4]. Morale values are determined for each area in
17.22 Effects of Reverse Slope Defense which troops from the same side participate in combat. An area’s
morale value is that of the largest infantry long counter (that
• Add one (+1) to the morale value of its infantry units. with the greatest number of steps) in the area.
• Infantry units add one (+1) to their strength point value
18.1 [Change] If no infantry long counter is present, the value
for the purpose of defensive assault combat only.
is determined by the most common printed value among the
• Gain a benefit from enemy artillery fire coming across steps in the area.
the crest of the slope (except for mortar and rocket, see
[12.32]). 18.2 If there are two values represented by equal numbers of
steps, the lower value is the area’s morale value.
17.23 Units automatically leave Reverse Slope Defense if forced
to retreat.
18.3 [Change] When determining an area’s morale value, add
17.24 Units may be brought out of reverse slope during the one to the morale value of infantry long counters with attached
movement phase of their formation(s), at the cost of one artillery.
movement point.
18.4 Add the tactical leadership of the senior leader present in
the area. The leader must be in the chain of command of at least
one of the formations with units present in the area.
breaks- it routs. Mitigating such an event requires leadership and/or 19.21 Units in the same area from which an infantry division
good morale, the better the Unit’s leadership and/or the higher a unit’s routs must also roll for rout as per [19.1], though the modifiers
morale, the more likely the unit will hold together; thus, veteran units listed there do not count. Instead, modify the die roll as below:
are more like to remain intact over new (or green) units. While a
valid aspect of the Eagles system, it is recognized that Rout requires -1 for non-elite infantry and artillery units.
constant calculation of the steps remaining in units, and as such is -2 for non-elite cavalry.
presented here as an optional rule. However, once players are familiar 19.22 Artillery units (except horse artillery) that rout are
with the basic play, we strongly recommend adding rout to the game. immediately eliminated.
Tournaments should always use Rout.
When a long counter infantry unit sustains a loss of more than
19.23 Units that rout off the map are eliminated from play and
half (fractions rounded up) of its current (not full strength) steps count towards victory conditions as eliminated.
in a single combat segment, the unit may rout. The only time a
short counter may rout is if it has been reduced from a long 19.3 Routed Units in Subsequent Turns
counter, or has succumbed to cascade rout [19.2]. Upon activation in subsequent turns, routed units must make
another die roll as per [19.1] and [19.2] to determine if they
19.1 Procedure remain routed.
To determine if a unit routs, roll a die and compare it to the
current (post combat) morale level [18.0] of the area. Modify the 19.31 Units which remain routed continue to move away from
die roll as below: enemy units in the movement segment, at their normal movement
rate. If no movement is possible which would not result in moving
+1 if the attack that caused the rout check was a combined closer to enemy units, the routed unit dissolves and is eliminated.
arms [14.22] or Massed Column [14.7] assault. Units that remain routed do not cause other units to check for
+1 if the area the unit is in is densely stacked [13.62]. cascade routs. This only occurs in the initial turn of rout.
-1 if the unit is Elite.
-1 if the units are in a defensive stance [17.0] that gives a 20.0 RETREATS
benefit to the type of combat which just occurred (i.e. Units can retreat (voluntary or forced) as a result of charges, or
in square and the combat was a cavalry charge). assaults. The owning player must retreat the units into a single
If the die roll is equal to or less than the morale level, the unit adjacent area not occupied by enemy units governed by the
holds and only the normal effects of the combat take place. following limitations.
Otherwise, the long counter breaks and routs. • A unit may not retreat into an area it would be
prohibited from entering during the movement
19.11 A routing unit is marked with a ‘Rout’ counter and is
segment.
immediately moved two areas from its original position, directly
away from the attacking unit(s) that caused the rout. Ignore terrain • Retreating units may enter an area occupied by friendly
effects on movement unless the terrain prohibits movement. The units, but all stacking and conformation limitations
unit may not be placed in an area that would be densely stacked. apply.
If after moving one area, the unit cannot continue moving away • Units may only be retreated into an area that is adjacent
from the combat area, it may move in a different direction to an enemy-occupied area if no other retreat route is
provided it does not end adjacent to enemy units (not lone leaders) possible.
including units advancing from the current combat. • A retreating unit may enter an area that contains only
19.12 Artillery attached to a routing unit is immediately enemy leaders [3.13].
eliminated. • Retreating units may change facing.
19.13 A routing unit that is unable to move the two areas due 20.1 Elimination by Retreat
to terrain or stacking limits is eliminated. The unit has scattered A unit that is forced to retreat [14.41] but has no retreat route is
in flight. eliminated.
19.14 Leaders with a routing unit may choose to accompany 20.2 Artillery in Retreat.
the unit, but if they do they may not assist units checking for [Terminology Change] Artillery attached to infantry long
cascade rout. counters may retreat if their accompanying long counter retreats
voluntarily [14.4]. Any artillery forced to retreat is eliminated
19.2 Cascade Routs as a Result of Routing Units instead if enemy units advance into the area. If enemy units
Rout has a bad habit of causing more routs. Routing units may decline to advance into the area, the artillery remains in place.
cause a cascade of routs. Cascade Rout can happen to any non-
elite unit (elite units are exempt) the routing unit moves through. 20.21 Horse artillery may always retreat unless otherwise noted.
Leaders and Headquarters are exempt from Cascade Rout.
20.3 Headquarters
Headquarters may not retreat or advance after combat. A
headquarters forced to retreat is eliminated.
Modifiers
CREDITS
Design
Brien J. Miller and Stephen C. Jackson
Additional Design & Development
Markus Stumptner, Edgar Gallego, Matthew Kirschenbaum
Original Eagles Design
Brien J. Miller and Mark Searle (with Arron Monroe)
Artwork
Brien Miller
Produced by
Ken Dingley, Bill Thomas
Playtest
Matt Kirschenbaum, Fen Yan, John Mundie, Chris Shaffer,
John Nebauer, Markus Stumptner, John Steidl, Edgar Gallego
Proofing
Ken Dingley, Stephen Jackson, Ethan McKinney