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    Republic of Chad: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia This Article Is About The Country. For Other Uses, See .

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    Chad is a landlocked country in central Africa. It has a diverse landscape that includes desert in the north, savanna in the south, and the Sahara desert region in between. Chad's capital and largest city is N'Djamena, located on the Chari River. Chad has over 200 ethnic groups and the most common religions are Islam and Christianity. France colonized Chad in the early 20th century and Chad gained independence in 1960, but has experienced political instability and violence since, including a long civil war. Oil production has become Chad's main export since 2003.

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    Republic of Chad: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia This Article Is About The Country. For Other Uses, See .

    Uploaded by

    Mark
    29 views4 pages
    Chad is a landlocked country in central Africa. It has a diverse landscape that includes desert in the north, savanna in the south, and the Sahara desert region in between. Chad's capital and largest city is N'Djamena, located on the Chari River. Chad has over 200 ethnic groups and the most common religions are Islam and Christianity. France colonized Chad in the early 20th century and Chad gained independence in 1960, but has experienced political instability and violence since, including a long civil war. Oil production has become Chad's main export since 2003.

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    Chad1

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    Chad is a landlocked country in central Africa. It has a diverse landscape that includes desert in the north, savanna in the south, and the Sahara desert region in between. Chad's capital and largest city is N'Djamena, located on the Chari River. Chad has over 200 ethnic groups and the most common religions are Islam and Christianity. France colonized Chad in the early 20th century and Chad gained independence in 1960, but has experienced political instability and violence since, including a long civil war. Oil production has become Chad's main export since 2003.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    29 views4 pages

    Republic of Chad: From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia This Article Is About The Country. For Other Uses, See .

    Uploaded by

    Mark
    Chad is a landlocked country in central Africa. It has a diverse landscape that includes desert in the north, savanna in the south, and the Sahara desert region in between. Chad's capital and largest city is N'Djamena, located on the Chari River. Chad has over 200 ethnic groups and the most common religions are Islam and Christianity. France colonized Chad in the early 20th century and Chad gained independence in 1960, but has experienced political instability and violence since, including a long civil war. Oil production has become Chad's main export since 2003.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chad

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


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    This article is about the country. For other uses, see Chad (disambiguation).

    Coordinates: 15°N 19°E

    Republic of Chad

    République du Tchad (French)


    ‫( جمهورية تشاد‬Arabic)
    Jumhūrīyat Tashād

    Flag

    Coat of arms

    Motto:

     "Unité, Travail, Progrès" (French)


     "Unity, Work, Progress"
     "‫ التقدم‬،‫ العمل‬،‫( "االتحاد‬Arabic)

    Anthem:

     La Tchadienne (French)
     ‫( نشيد تشاد الوطني‬Arabic)
     The Chadian Hymn
    Location of Chad (dark blue)

    Capital N'Djamena
    and largest city 12°06′N 16°02′E
     Arabic
    Official languages  French

     30.5% Sara
     9.8% Kanembu/Buduma
     9.7% Arab
     7% Masalit
     5.8% Gorane
     4.9% Masa/Musgum
    Ethnic groups  29.4% Other Chadian
    (2014–15)
    ethnicities
     0.9% Chadians of foreign
    ethnicities
     0.3% Foreign nationals
     1.7% Unspecified

    Demonym(s) Chadian
    Unitary dominant-party presidential
    Government republic (de jure) under totalitarian
    dictatorship (de facto)[1]
    • President Idriss Deby
    • President of the
    Haroun Kabadi
    National Assembly
    Legislature National Assembly
    Independence
    • from France 11 August 1960
    Area
    1,284,000 km2 (496,000 sq mi)[2]
    • Total
    (20th)
    • Water (%) 1.9
    Population
    • 2015 estimate 13,670,084[3]
    • 2009 census 11,039,873[4]
    • Density 8.6/km2 (22.3/sq mi)
    GDP (PPP) 2018 estimate
    • Total $30 billion[5] (123rd)
    • Per capita $2,428[5] (150th)
    GDP (nominal) 2018 estimate
    • Total $11 billion[5] (130th)
    • Per capita $890[5] (151st)
    43.3[6]
    Gini (2011)
    medium
    0.426[7]
    HDI (2015)
    low · 186th
    Currency Central African CFA franc (XAF)
    Time zone UTC+1 (WAT)
    Driving side right
    Calling code +235
    ISO 3166 code TD
    Internet TLD .td

    Chad (/tʃæd/ ( listen); Arabic: ‫ تشاد‬Tashād; French: Tchad pronounced [tʃad]), officially the
    Republic of Chad (Arabic: ‫ جمهورية تشاد‬Jumhūrīyat Tshād; French: République du Tchad lit.
    "Republic of the Chad"), is a landlocked country in north-central Africa. It is bordered by Libya
    to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria
    to the southwest, and Niger to the west. It is the fifth largest country in Africa and the second-
    largest in Central Africa in terms of area.

    Chad has several regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a
    more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named,
    is the largest wetland in Chad and the second-largest in Africa. The capital N'Djamena is the
    largest city. Chad's official languages are Arabic and French. Chad is home to over 200 different
    ethnic and linguistic groups. The most popular religion of Chad is Islam (at 55%), followed by
    Christianity (at 40%).

    Beginning in the 7th millennium BC, human populations moved into the Chadian basin in great
    numbers. By the end of the 1st millennium AD, a series of states and empires had risen and
    fallen in Chad's Sahelian strip, each focused on controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes that
    passed through the region. France conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of
    French Equatorial Africa. In 1960, Chad obtained independence under the leadership of François
    Tombalbaye. Resentment towards his policies in the Muslim north culminated in the eruption of
    a long-lasting civil war in 1965. In 1979 the rebels conquered the capital and put an end to the
    south's hegemony. However, the rebel commanders fought amongst themselves until Hissène
    Habré defeated his rivals. He was overthrown in 1990 by his general Idriss Déby. Since 2003 the
    Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the border and destabilised the nation, with hundreds of
    thousands of Sudanese refugees living in and around camps in eastern Chad. An uneven
    inclusion into the global political economy as a site for colonial resource extraction (primarily
    cotton and crude oil), a global economic system that does not promote nor encourage the
    development of Chadian industrialization,[8] and the failure to support local agricultural
    production has meant that the majority of Chadians live in daily uncertainty and hunger.[9][10]

    While many political parties are active, power lies firmly in the hands of President Déby and his
    political party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Chad remains plagued by political violence
    and recurrent attempted coups d'état. Since 2003, crude oil has become the country's primary
    source of export earnings, superseding the traditional cotton industry.

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