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Trend
Radar
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creating value tomorrow.
Version 2018/19
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Contents
4 Preface 20 In-depth: Social & Business Trends 35 In-depth: Technology Trends 50 References
21 Batch Size One 36 3D Printing
5 Evolution of Logistics 22 Connected Life 37 Artificial Intelligence 53 Further Information
5 Smarter, Faster, More Customer Centric & Sustainable 23 Digital Work 38 Augmented Reality
6 Customer Centricity: Getting Closer to the Customer Through New Business 24 Fair & Responsible Logistics 39 Big Data Analytics 54 Recommended Reading
Models and Solutions 25 Fresh Chain 40 Bionic Enhancement
8 Sustainability: Becoming a Zero-Emissions Industry 26 Green Energy Logistics 41 Blockchain
9 Technology: Catalyzing Innovation with a Cost-Performance Tipping Point 27 Grey Power Logistics 42 Cloud Logistics
11 People: Creating the Collaborative Human-Machine Workforce of the Future 28 Logistics Marketplaces 43 Internet of Things
29 Omni-channel Logistics 44 Low-cost Sensor Solutions
13 Insights & Inspiration 30 Servitization 45 Next-generation Wireless
13 How Did We Arrive at the New Logistics Trend Radar? 31 Sharing Economy 46 Robotics & Automation
15 At a Glance: the Logistics Trend Radar 32 Smart Containerization 47 Self-driving Vehicles
16 Overview: Trends Summary – Social & Business Trends 33 Supergrid Logistics 48 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
18 Overview: Trends Summary – Technology Trends 34 Tube Logistics 49 Virtual Reality & Digital Twins
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Preface
Digitalization. Industry 4.0. Software is eating the world. Regardless of
the terminology that’s being used, by now your organization, like ours, Matthias Heutger
will have felt the challenges of a world embracing the digital revolution. Senior Vice President
As we sit down to reflect on the past, present, and future trends in Global Head of Innovation
DHL Customer Solutions & Innovation
logistics, one truth is now abundantly clear: digital is in full swing.
Private life and business life have and richer customer experiences. To as the sharing economy, blockchain, and
become increasingly characterized by stay ahead and actively shape this artificial intelligence.
an appreciation of and dependence on transformation, logistics professionals
technology, making it a central part of need to continuously identify and We are excited to now invite you to
daily interaction, decision making, and leverage new trends. This is why we review this latest edition covering the
competitive advantage. These changes established DHL Trend Research, a most pressing trends on the horizon
are impacting our industry as well: digital program that helps us to apply a in the logistics industry. We hope that
innovation – from connected warehouses customer-centric, open approach to trend these insights will inspire and assist
to new autonomous last-mile delivery foresight and innovation. you once again in creating, testing,
services – is increasing the relevance and implementing new innovations Dr. Markus Kückelhaus
and presence of logistics in everyday life, DHL Trend Research regularly publishes that advance the industry on its digital Vice President
making headlines and turning an age-old a key instrument for the global logistics journey. Innovation and Trend Research
industry into an exciting place to drive community – the Logistics Trend Radar. DHL Customer Solutions & Innovation
change for the betterment of society. This is a dynamic, living tool that Please join us on our exciting voyage
captures the development of society, to deliver insight today and create value
Looking ahead into the future, we business, and technology trends. It for tomorrow!
believe digitalization represents the has become an industry-acclaimed
biggest opportunity in logistics since benchmark for strategy and innovation
globalization, creating unprecedented and it is further used with industry
opportunities for operational efficiencies, stakeholders to spark deep dives in
sustainability, new business models, specific trends, most recently trends such
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Though logistics has existed for centuries, our industry has rarely
made headlines, and our last great innovation is often regarded
as the shipping container in the 1950s. As digitalization reaches
full swing, logistics has become a hotbed for innovation since
the publication of our last Logistics Trend Radar two years ago.
An ocean of venture capital funding has created a vast expanse
of startups with new cutting-edge business models and logistics-
focused technology products and services. Working more closely
with technology players, as well as guarding against potential
disruption from startups, has become a new reality for established
logistics industry players.
Evolution of Logistics
So then what does this mean for the experience. With the B2B online retail
future? Put simply, we believe there is market expected to reach double the
huge potential for the logistics industry; size of the B2C online market by 20201,
there has never been a more exciting businesses will need to intensify efforts
time to actively contribute to making to tap into new online channels. In
global supply chains smarter, faster, more logistics, key areas of innovation will
customer centric, and sustainable. In the include the development of flexible
following pages, we will review some fulfillment networks (e.g., FLEXE),
of the key trends taking center stage in inventory visibility solutions, proximity-
logistics innovation in the years to come. based cost models for shipping (e.g., Jet.
com) and new last-mile delivery solutions
which are increasingly vital but an
CUSTOMER CENTRICITY: GETTING expensive part of the value chain.
CLOSER TO THE CUSTOMER
THROUGH NEW BUSINESS MODELS New solutions will also need to be
AND SOLUTIONS developed in response to customer
demand for Fresh Chain shipments. The
The adage that the customer is king has possibility to purchase almost anything
never been truer than in today’s digital online is increasing the volumes of
age. Consumers have more buying temperature-sensitive shipments such as
power than ever before. With ecommerce groceries and pharmaceuticals delivered Figure 1
driving demand for transparency, directly to the customer (see figure 2).
affordability, convenience, and speed in Just in the next five years, it is predicted
Figure 1: Delivering the new omni-channel
delivery as well as compelling frictionless that online grocery sales will increase 10 customer experience: anytime, anywhere;
returns, it is essential to create new times faster than in-store sales with 70% Source: DHL
business models and solutions that cater of consumers estimated to do some of
to these needs (see figure 1). their household shopping online.2 New Figure 2: Managing the growth of fresh chain
temperature-sensitive packaging along shipments with innovations in packaging,
Omni-channel Logistics will continue to with network and delivery innovations transport and delivery; Source: AllyouneedFresh
Figure 2
1. https://ww2.frost.com/news/press-releases/global-b2b-e-commerce-market-will-reach-67-trillion-usd-2020-finds-frost-sullivan/
2. https://www.brickmeetsclick.com/online-grocery-forecast--what-s-impacting-how-far-and-fast-it-will-grow Contact us
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3. https://www.forrester.com/report/Forrester+Data+Smart+Home+Devices+Forecast+2017+To+2022+US/-/E-RES140374
4. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/09/countries-are-announcing-plans-to-phase-out-petrol-and-diesel-cars-is-yours-on-the-list/ Contact us
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SUSTAINABILITY: BECOMING A reduction, with policies such as the help to save significant amounts of
ZERO-EMISSIONS INDUSTRY European Union ban on disposable CO2 emissions.6 Innovations in smart
plastic packaging by 2030 demanding facility management and adoption of
Governments, industries, and companies the adoption of eco-friendly solutions.5 renewable energy sources will further
all around the world are making accelerate the green transformation in
sweeping commitments to reduce levels In the past two years, the logistics logistics. The sustainability imperative
of CO2 emission and waste. Countries industry has made bold moves to and urbanization are also birthing the
such as France, Germany, India, the reduce its carbon footprint and take creation of new delivery infrastructures
Netherlands, Norway and the UK are greater responsibility for the adverse that address the intertwined issues of
leading the charge in developing policies environmental effects of core activities urban congestion and carbon emissions.
that halt the production and sales of like transportation and warehousing. At In future, we will see the standard
petrol and diesel vehicles over the next DHL, we aim to become a zero-emissions container evolve into a variety of Smart
10 to 20 years.4 Automotive companies logistics company by the year 2050 and Containerization formats that are
are also imposing sustainability as have made significant progress in Green intelligent, modularized, and allow for
the only option for the future, with Energy Logistics through the production more efficient load utilization. Such
companies such as Volvo committing to and distribution of our own electric new formats are already being tested
not developing any new diesel engines delivery vehicle called StreetScooter. for urban logistics (e.g., DHL Cubicycle;
in order to focus on greener alternatives With over 5,000 in deployment and see figure 6) and can be extended to
(see figure 5). New innovations will plans to produce 20,000 annually, the modularizing the container packaging.
also be happening in the area of waste electrification of logistics fleets will
Figure 6
“The logistics industry provides services that no modern society Figure 5: Green fleets will soon become the
can do without. We are a part of this world. That’s why we standard in logistics; Source: DHL
must collectively work to preserve and improve it and ensure Figure 6: New container and packaging formats
our societies and environments prosper. Bold aspirations are can increase efficiency in transport and reduce
carbon emissions; Source: DHL
necessary, however, to catalyze this process.“
5. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/news/first-ever-europe-wide-strategy-plastics-2018-jan-16_en
6. http://www.dpdhl.com/en/media_relations/press_releases/2018/deutsche_post_dhl_group_agm_2018.html Contact us
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Figure 7 Figure 8
7. http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/services/portfolio/consulting-services/documents/consulting-services-capturing-ioe-value-aag.pdf Contact us
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A trend having much greater impact on On the horizon is the use of distributed
logistics than expected in the past is ledger technologies such as Blockchain
Artificial Intelligence (AI); it has come to remove significant layers of complexity
roaring out of research laboratories to from global supply chains (see figure
become ubiquitous and ambient in our 10). While blockchain is in its early days
personal lives, so much so that many and successes are still to be proven, it
consumers do not realize they use could potentially add value by facilitating
products and applications that contain greater trust and transparency
AI on a daily basis. As AI adoption leaps between supply chain stakeholders
from consumer segments to enterprises, and by supporting the automation of
key application areas in logistics are administrative and commercial processes
back-office automation (e.g., robotic in logistics.
process automation combined with
AI), the predictive supply chain (e.g.,
DHL Global Trade Barometer; see figure
9), and a new AI-powered customer Figure 9: Predicting global trade using the power
experience. of AI; Source: DHL
Figure 10
DHL Global Trade Barometer – World Dave Sheldon – Head of Global Supply Chain Development
2013-present Nestlé
Figure 9
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PEOPLE: CREATING THE of orders. Such is the case that China, key logistics tasks and create new roles
COLLABORATIVE HUMAN-MACHINE tackling the challenge of an aging in the logistics industry.
WORKFORCE OF THE FUTURE workforce, has in the past five years
become the world’s largest market for This shift in workforce composition is
Perhaps one of the main elements of industrial robots, accounting for over described through the trend of Digital
digitalization in logistics will be the 30% of the global market.8 Work. This will increase the number of
automation of highly repetitive, labor- technically skilled jobs in logistics (e.g.,
intensive, and in some cases physically Already today, significant strides are programmers and managers of robotics
intensive tasks in operations. While at being made in the area of machine- fleets). Innovative new models of work
first glance this may seem to present a human interaction and collaboration. will be needed for recruitment and
picture of a diminishing human role in Robotics & Automation will become retention of the increasing segments of
logistics, automation will drive creation an integral part of future logistics millennial and Gen Z talent in logistics.
of jobs in entirely new fields in logistics. operations, and in the last two years Here tools such as Virtual Reality can
It is also important to recognize that we have observed the first wave of support operations by enabling workers to
there is a real need to automate due collaborative robots entering the use technology for efficient on-boarding,
to increasing labor shortages especially logistics workforce (see figure 11). More training, and remote collaboration.
in mature markets and the ecommerce advances in technology and affordability
demand for rapid fulfillment and delivery will enable the eventual automation of
Figure 11
8. https://exclusivereportage.com/282885/warehouse-robotics-market-with-in-depth-approaches-of-this-industry-by-2023/ Contact us
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Figure 12
9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAnFAp22ReA Contact us
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Insights & Inspiration So how does one gaze into the future of the logistics industry?
We leverage what we call our four key sources of inspiration.
Surprisingly, for this edition of the Logistics Trend Radar these
sources have not changed; they remain megatrends, microtrends
and startups, industry experts and research partners, and our
customers. Together, these sources continue to provide us with
the most comprehensive, strategically important input on social,
business, and technology trends that will impact the logistics
industry (see figure 13). One thing that has changed since our
previous edition is the role and behavior of these sources in
relation to one another. As a logistics provider, we continue to see
ourselves as an essential contributor participating in and helping to
cultivate a harmonious, innovation industry ecosystem.
From all of these perspectives and And with that remark, we would now
insights, we pieced together a vision for like to introduce you to the new Logistics
the future of logistics. However, as much Trend Radar and hope this serves once
as we aim for an accurate prediction, again as a valuable source of insight
we know from experience the impact and inspiration!
of some trends will not materialize.
Innovation does not follow a linear path;
startups can fail or grow up and become
acquired. Partners can be customers too.
Technologies come and go. Innovation is a
somewhat frenetic, unpredictable practice
that relies on culture and capabilities
as much as it does on breakthrough
technologies and business acumen.
Four Sources Of Inspiration
For Our Logistics Since the last edition of the Logistics
Trend Radar Trend Radar, several trends have merged
or disappeared. For example, one trend
that never truly arrived was de-stressing
the supply chain through tactical slow-
Figure 13 downs to operate more sustainably and at
higher quality levels, as technology made
In the development of this new edition, innovations, we exchanged with startups smarter and faster supply chains a reality.
Figure 13: Key sources of trend identification;
we reviewed global megatrends that will and industry partners that relentlessly Several others have matured and have
Source: DHL
impact the industry in its entirety such develop the new business models and become the ‘new normal’ – for example,
as digitalization, urbanization, aging digital solutions that can drive significant on-demand delivery – no longer qualifying
population, and sustainability. These are transformation when scaled. And to as true trends. What is key and what we
important to monitor as they accelerate understand the future requirements hope you will embrace from reading this
and in some cases mandate change and challenges for logistics services, we study is the importance of exploring trends
in logistics (e.g., global agreements listened, talked, and engaged with our early on. As the saying goes, the best way
on trade or environmental policy). To customers as they will ultimately define to predict the future is to create it.
identify the next generation of logistics the route ahead.
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Sharing Economy Medium <5 years The societal shift from ownership to asset sharing has
been one of the most groundbreaking trends in recent
years. Everything from underutilized parking spaces to
heavy industrial equipment can now be shared via digital
platforms. Logistics providers can help facilitate these
networks and can also participate in sharing platforms to
fully utilize logistics networks and assets, achieving new
levels of efficiency and value creation.
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Artificial High >5 years Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the way Blockchain Medium >5 years Evolving beyond its association with bitcoin, blockchain
Intelligence logistics providers operate as a result of the ongoing and other distributed ledger technologies can remove
trend towards automation and continued improvements significant layers of complexity from global supply chains.
in computing. AI will augment human expertise through It can facilitate greater trust and transparency between
systems that help generate novel insights from big data and supply chain stakeholders, supporting the automation of
eliminate difficult tasks. In logistics AI will enable back- administrative and commercial processes. Smart contract
office automation, predictive operations, intelligent logistics concepts will also create opportunities for new services and
assets, and new customer experience models. business models in logistics.
Augmented Reality Medium <5 years Blurring the lines between the digital and physical worlds, Cloud Logistics High <5 years Ideal for complex, volatile environments, cloud computing
augmented reality (AR) will provide new perspectives in enables a variety of new ‘logistics-as-a-service’ (LaaS)-
logistics planning, process execution, and transportation. based business models. Logistics providers can activate and
By adding virtual layers of contextual information onto deactivate customizable, modular cloud services on demand
a heads-up display or other digital device, AR empowers using a pay-per-use approach. This allows highly scalable
workers by providing the right information at the right time service and management capabilities without requiring the
and in the right place. traditional development, setup, and maintenance costs of
own IT infrastructure.
Big Data Analytics High <5 years Logistics is being transformed through the power of data-
driven insights. Thanks to the vast degree of digitalization,
unprecedented amounts of data can be captured from
various sources along the supply chain. Capitalizing on
the value of big data offers massive potential to optimize
capacity utilization, improve customer experience, reduce
risk, and create new business models in logistics.
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Low-cost Sensor Medium <5 years Sensor technologies that were originally developed for Self-driving High >5 years With technological advancements in AI as well as
Solutions consumer electronics such as wearables, smartphones, and Vehicles increasingly heavy investments in the development of
even gaming consoles enable exciting new applications sensors and vision technologies, self-driving vehicles
within the logistics industry. These low-cost sensor solutions will soon fundamentally transform the way vehicles are
can digitally enhance cumbersome manual logistics assembled, operated, utilized, and serviced. From trucks to
activities. Dimensioning, quality control, and visualization last-mile robots, self-driving vehicles will transform logistics
are some examples of applications bringing new levels of by unlocking new levels of safety, efficiency, and quality.
intelligence, safety, and efficiency to logistics operations.
Unmanned Aerial Medium >5 years Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or ‘drones’ can be
Next-generation Medium >5 years Breakthroughs in existing wireless network technologies Vehicles used to deliver goods in the first and last mile as well for
Wireless and the rise of entirely new networks are accelerating intralogistics and surveillance operations. UAVs will not
IoT applications in both the consumer and enterprise replace traditional ground-based transportation. However,
environments. In logistics, these intelligent networks they will provide value in operating safely in remote,
can enable cost-effective seamless indoor and outdoor potentially dangerous-to-access locations.
connectivity and localization of shipments and assets.
The vision of a connected supply chain with complete Virtual Reality Low >5 years Virtual reality (VR) technology, commercially popularized
transparency and traceability becomes more and & Digital Twins through video games, has since evolved for use in
more tangible. manufacturing, distribution, and supply chains. By enabling
users to design, simulate, and evaluate environments in 3D,
logistics providers can make better-informed decisions for
optimizing material flows and monitoring processes. Digital
twins of logistics operations can further unlock supply
chain optimization.
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Section Contents
21 Batch Size One
22 Connected Life Automotive & Mobility Engineering & Manufacturing
23 Digital Work
24 Fair & Responsible Logistics
25 Fresh Chain
26 Green Energy Logistics Technology Energy
27 Grey Power Logistics
28 Logistics Marketplaces
29 Omni-channel Logistics
30 Servitization
Life Sciences & Healthcare Retail & Consumer
31 Sharing Economy
32 Smart Containerization
33 Supergrid Logistics
34 Tube Logistics
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Batch Size One Redesigning the Textile and Apparel Supply Chain
– SEWBOT by SoftWear Automation
Increasing consumer demand for personalization could lead to the mass
production of highly customized goods, resulting in decentralized ‘batch size one’ ■ SEWBOT is a breakthrough robotics innovation that can automate the
highly complex and manual activity of apparel production
production. Manufacturers can leverage new technologies and business models
■ The solution is capable of producing a t-shirt within 26 seconds; its
to bring the production process as close to the consumer as possible and reduce
planned use is localized manufacturing for some of the world’s largest
lead times. Supply chains will need to accommodate changes in time and place of
fashion retailers
production and integrate new postponement services.
■ Further developments in this technology may enable a leap from
localized mass production to ‘batch size one’ production of apparel
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS and other mobile automation technologies, KEY OPPORTUNITIES
In contrast to the common practice of off- logistics providers can take over final assembly ■ Offers extended warehouse fulfillment service Source: SoftWear Automation
shoring manufacturing to countries such as and/or product customization. They can also use opportunities (e.g., onsite 3D printing)
China, the ‘batch size one’ trend anticipates their global networks to customize stock and
that companies will establish micro-production deliver closer to the point of demand. ■ Achieves individualized product and service
sites closer to demand such as near or within offerings for the end customer
megacities. Answering the need for product Inventory management and replenishment ■ Builds customer loyalty through closer, more
hyper-customization and ever-faster delivery for micro-production sites will need to be carefully direct end-customer relationships
times, these highly automated micro-production forecasted and managed in order to keep just the
sites will utilize cutting-edge robotics, automation right amount of stock in close proximity to each
and 3D printing technologies to rapidly produce site. This may increase the need for flexible, multi- KEY CHALLENGES
personalized goods (e.g., Adidas Speed Factory). user warehouse environments in order to improve ■ Financial feasibility of ‘batch size one’
Manufacturers will be able to react immediately geographical coverage of stock and remain production is yet to be validated
to location-dependent trends, and deliver goods responsive to sudden fluctuations in demand. ■ Difficult to plan and implement logistics
with shorter timeframes with first-movers already
processes in fast-changing environments
testing this. Logistics providers must design flexible Agile ‘batch size one’ delivery concepts
and digitalized processes, revise warehouse are needed to manage the increasing number ■ Complexity in managing supply chain
operations, and utilize new agile delivery concepts of single orders and shorter delivery routes as responsiveness and flexibility in last-mile
Trend Assessment
to maximize operational effectiveness. production becomes more decentralized and delivery Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: Medium Sector Relevance: Below
moves closer to the customer. This may result
New warehouse hyper-customization in more frequent deliveries from more loading
services will answer the future need for speed. points. The use of on-demand logistics services
Warehouses will connect production with and last-mile robotics solutions designed for the
logistics, offering extended postponement transport of small payloads could facilitate ‘batch AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
services on behalf of customers. With 3D printing size one’ shipments.
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KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS Automatic replenishment services are emerging KEY OPPORTUNITIES
Growing adoption of mobile and smart home to meet the growing demand for convenience ■ Increased transparency, traceability, and Source: Amazon
devices reflects ever-connected consumer lifestyles logistics. By 2020, it is estimated that over 50% reliability of logistics operations
both at home and at work. For logistics providers, of everyday essential household consumable
integrating with these connected lifestyles can products will be automatically replenished from ■ Cost savings for retailers, customers, and
enable a whole host of optimized and new logistics the connected home.1 Connected devices such as couriers through successful deliveries
services including improved pick-up and delivery a smart fridge can trigger an automated grocery ■ Reduced environmental footprint with fewer
and automated replenishment services. This can order on detection of low stock. Smart appliances re-delivery attempts
decrease operational costs and increase customer can monitor usage and predict when a reorder
should be placed (e.g., Kwik). This concept can also
■ Improved service quality for the customer
satisfaction through ‘first-time’ delivery and enable
better planning and optimization through customer be applied to businesses that require rapid stock
insights. Looking ahead, effective data privacy and replenishment. KEY CHALLENGES
security will be critical to successful adoption as ■ Privacy and data security concerns about the
well as the integration and management of various Digital logistics service agents embedded as
devices and who is harnessing the data
smart devices within logistics processes. conversational interfaces in smart home devices
(e.g., Amazon Alexa) can assist customers with ■ Slow adoption due to integration complexities
Smart home delivery and pickup utilizes smart, real-time updates on the status of package of multiple IoT platforms, numerous protocols,
interconnected home and personal devices to deliveries, enable rescheduling, and notify of any and large numbers of APIs
Trend Assessment
remove the traditional inconveniences of missed delays. Interacting through voice allows users to ■ Establishing trust and highly secure processes Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: Medium Sector Relevance: Below
deliveries and costly re-delivery attempts. This has seamlessly access logistics data. This can result in
to enable in-home delivery
enabled the relatively recent realization of new IoT- reduced customer support costs, increased user
based delivery concepts, such as secured in-home attention, and wider adoption of IoT (particularly
pick-up and delivery services using smart locks as among the elderly or disabled).
well as parcel delivery into the trunk of smart cars AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
while the car owner or user is at home or at work.
1. https://blogs.gartner.com/robert-hetu/gartner-predicts-2020-50-everyday-essential-products-will-autoreplenished/ Contact us
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KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS with AI can automate many tasks. This enables KEY OPPORTUNITIES
An estimated 49% of activities that people are both time and cost savings, and allows workers to ■ Increase in employee satisfaction through the Source: Kaggle
paid to do today can potentially be automated do more meaningful and skilled activities such as assignment of more challenging tasks
by adapting current, demonstrated technology.2 process innovation.
While digitalization will certainly automate many
■ Technology-aided workforce can improve
logistics processes, it will also relieve increasing Flexible, on-demand workforce models in productivity by automating time-consuming,
labor shortages, particularly in mature markets, logistics will become commonplace as sharing repetitive tasks
and help boost the performance and retention economy principles gain adoption in the enterprise. ■ Greater network and organizational flexibility
of existing workers. This shift will increase the These models appeal particularly to the younger
using on-demand workforce concepts
number of technically skilled jobs in logistics (e.g., generations with 39% of millennials in the US willing
programmers and managers of robotics fleets). to work in a sharing economy model.3 Key concepts ■ Efficiency boost in operational procedures which
Innovative new models of work will be needed include crowd-sourced delivery (e.g., Postmates) also leads to more precision in repetitive tasks
for recruitment and retention of the increasing and on-demand staffing to cover operational peaks
segments of millennial and Gen Z talent in logistics. with unprecedented speed (e.g., Jobdoh).
KEY CHALLENGES
■ Achieve harmonious balance between human
Human-machine collaboration will greatly Training and upskilling will be constantly
required to prepare existing logistics workers for workers and physical/virtual robotics
influence the future of digital work. In operations
robots designed to assist workers with manual changing tasks. Employees will need training on ■ Ensure sufficient wages and job security when
Trend Assessment
handling activities will prove critical to supporting areas of technology, ensuring they understand deploying or utilizing on-demand logistics Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: High Sector Relevance: Below
an aging workforce. Software robotics will be and are capable of using physical and software concepts
essential, particularly in the back office to handle robotics in logistics. Such investments will help
retain the existing workforce while also extending
■ Enable relevant training and upskilling for
significant amounts of manual and repetitive data
entry (spreadsheet data entry, customs document retention of older employees. Training concepts existing logistics workers particularly for
processing, etc.). Here, technologies such as and development plans need to be adapted to technical tasks AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
robotic process automation (RPA) in combination suit individual needs and capabilities.
2. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Global%20Themes/Digital%20Disruption/Harnessing%20automation%20for%20a%20future%20that%20works/MGI-A-future-that-works-Executive-summary.ashx
3. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-06-15/these-charts-show-how-the-sharing-economy-is-different Contact us
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KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS packaging concepts are also key to enabling KEY OPPORTUNITIES
Consumers are increasingly basing their buying efficient, safe transport and storage of used goods ■ New services create sustainable revenue Source: DHL Resilience360
decisions on whether a product was sourced, (e.g., damaged lithium batteries). streams for future growth as well as social and
manufactured, and transported in a fair and environmental value
responsible manner. Recent legislation, such as Fair access to logistics services may foster the
the European Union’s ban on the use of plastic ’go local’ movement and potentially improve ■ Reducing resource consumption and waste
packaging by 20304, and commitments by major living conditions and economies in developing (e.g., from packaging) leads to lower
cities to become carbon neutral5 are further as well as developed regions. Logistics providers operational costs
challenging companies to move from traditional can support local businesses by bringing their ■ Potential to increase customer and shareholder
corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices to fair and regionally produced goods to the global
loyalty and brand perception
place sustainability at the core of their business. marketplace. This could include specialized
Looking ahead, innovation in circular logistics transportation solutions such as first-mile
infrastructure and the adoption of digital collection in hard-to-access areas and new types KEY CHALLENGES
identifiers as well as IoT, blockchain, and other of flexible micro-fulfillment services for local ■ No universal definition for the terms fair and
traceability technologies will further accelerate businesses. responsible
fair and responsible behavior along supply chains.
Responsible end-to-end logistics chains
■ Social benefits vary widely from region to
Circular logistics focuses on the development of incorporate fair production and trade practices region, and are difficult to measure Trend Assessment
new logistics services and infrastructure solutions at each stage of the supply chain. Logistics ■ Shift in business mindset required to perceive Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: Medium Sector Relevance: Below
that enable a circular economy. First ideas providers can drive transparency and traceability it as a profitable venture rather than as a cost
integrate recycling into the logistics infrastructure. by providing services such as identifying
driver or CSR initiative
For example, delivery trucks can pick up recycling responsibility risks, and can certify processes
goods on their return routes and drop these off to confirm they are conducted in a responsible
at warehouses; they require dedicated areas for manner (e.g., labor conditions, environmental AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
inspection, repair and recycling. Sustainable impact).
4. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jan/16/eu-declares-war-on-plastic-waste-2030
5. http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/c40-cities-climate-change-buses-1.4183579 Contact us
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KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS goods or medicines) with scheduled deliveries, and KEY OPPORTUNITIES
Already today in the US, it is estimated that in-home delivery with access enabled by smart locks. ■ New business opportunities for temperature- Source: Die Bauerntüte
almost half of shoppers buy groceries online, with controlled last-mile delivery
the highest adoption by millennials at 61%.6 This End-to-end cold-chain networks are becoming
trend will continue to grow with online shopping more reliable, enabling larger delivery volumes ■ Increases collaboration across the entire
of fast-moving consumer goods projected to of sensitive goods. A prerequisite for customers supply chain to achieve end-to-end cold chain
become a 170 billion-dollar business by 2025.7 will be assurance of product integrity, especially networks
The demand for convenience is adding logistics at critical points such as consignment switches ■ Higher product security through packaging
complexity in the fulfillment of small, time- and from one transport mode to another. Temperature-
innovation and real-time monitoring
temperature-sensitive deliveries of groceries, controlled fleets must demonstrate regulatory
pharmaceuticals, and medical products. Logistics compliance, and this will be enabled by improved
providers will need to continuously advance data transparency, real-time monitoring, and end- KEY CHALLENGES
the supply chain with innovations in packaging, to-end live support (e.g., DHL LifeTrack). Visibility ■ Thermal packaging, in-transit monitoring
tracing, and authenticating cold-chain shipments. and product authentication can be further devices, and intervention services drive up costs
enhanced using IoT and blockchain technologies.
■ Adds complexity to the supply chain (e.g., at
On-demand delivery of fresh goods is
Temperature-controlled packaging critical points, direct-to-consumer model) and
reinventing the B2C relationship with retailers
focusing on easy payment methods and delivery innovations allow goods to be transported to warehouse management Trend Assessment
(e.g., Amazon, JD.com). As logistics networks are via standard parcel networks and last-mile ■ Requires dependable network of cold chain Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: Medium Sector Relevance: Below
increasingly shared, single shipments requiring delivery services, reducing the need for climate- partners to ensure high quality standards and
special conditions (such as cold chain) will be controlled trucks and containers. New concepts
efficient cooperation
bundled to reduce time and cost pressures. New include reusable thermos boxes, smart packaging
models will also include more last-mile delivery solutions controlling oxygen, humidity and/
solutions (e.g., Fresh Turf delivery to storage or pressure, and labeling innovation indicating AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
lockers), automated subscription (to receive fresh “freshness” of each single shipment.
6. https://www.forbes.com/sites/deborahweinswig/2018/03/01/online-grocery-set-to-boom-in-2018-as-amazon-acknowledges-online-grocery-a-tough-market-to-crack/#5dd7446e520b
7. https://www.kantarworldpanel.com/cn-en/news/Globa--e-commerce-grocery-market-grows-30 Contact us
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KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS Electrified last-mile vehicles are a promising KEY OPPORTUNITIES
The growing shift towards sustainability is driven solution to reduce local emissions in cities – with ■ Increase sustainability from emissions reduction Source: Siemens
largely by consumer demand and by regulations no limits on creativity for the electrified fleet: from and greener fleets
requiring companies to reduce carbon emissions handcarts and trikes to medium-size and large
and production waste. Governments are also delivery vans (e.g., DHL StreetScooter). The eco- ■ Savings in fuel and power, and other economic
setting ambitious targets. For example, Germany factor is highest when fleets generate their own factors (e.g., maintenance, wear-and-tear costs)
has launched a campaign to put 1 million power, or their overnight recharging comes solely ■ Quiet, electrified fleet can enable night-time
e-vehicles on the road by 2020.8 Translating this from renewable resources. Due to city center toll delivery
awareness into logistics, renewable technologies charges and vehicle bans, eco-friendly means of
will be leveraged for further ’electrification’ and transportation are becoming increasingly popular.
energy autonomy in the supply chain. Widespread In some European countries, cargo bikes already KEY CHALLENGES
adoption will also soon pave the way for new handle up to 60% of inner-city delivery routes ■ Fragmented e-infrastructure, and limited
smart energy logistics services. (e.g., DHL Cubicycle). e-vehicle manufacturers
■ High capital investment costs and additional
Green highways are becoming reality as large Eco-sustainable facilities result from
supply chain complexity with micro-depots
trucks use eco-friendly fuels to reduce emission improving the ecological footprint through new
and noise levels. With increased battery reach and measures and adjustments, such as switching ■ International e-highway standards need to be
faster battery charging, e-trucks are an attractive to hydroelectric sources or state-of-the-art solar defined (e.g., voltage level, height/spacing of
Trend Assessment
option. Established automotive manufacturers panels with high-frequency battery chargers. wire lines) Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: High Sector Relevance: Below
(e.g., Volvo, Navistar) as well as new market Green warehouses also use intelligent electrical
■ Government and regulatory support required
players (e.g., Tesla, Thor) are developing hybrid and systems with smart motion sensors to illuminate
only areas in use, as well as charging forklifts in to invest in freight e-vehicles and charging
full-electric trucks over the next 5 to 10 years. In
future, e-roads equipped with overhead lines that off-peak hours. stations
transmit electrical energy to trucks are an option AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
for electrification in the realm of road freight.
8. http://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/eine-million-e-autos-bis-2020-merkel-nennt-regierungsziel-unrealistisch/19806768.html?ticket=ST-184059-Set4JKfFbcSfcZyNcBpS-ap4 Contact us
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KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS New value-added last-mile services, which KEY OPPORTUNITIES
The aging population is a major social challenge go beyond traditional delivery services, can be ■ New business opportunities from offering Source: Uber
in decades to come, with the global population offered to support the aging population. This value-added logistics services
above 60 years old jumping from approximately could include services such as scheduled visits
13% to nearly 25% by 2050.9 This growing or check-ups (e.g., 7-Eleven deliveries in Japan), ■ Growth in online shopping platforms for
demographic segment will necessitate new conducting basic cleaning and transportation the elderly could result in increased delivery
channels for special homecare services within services, tech support, and even simple health volumes and individualized delivery schedules
cities as well as in remote areas, and will intensify checks (piloted by DHL). In the future, auto- ■ Use of technologies and solutions to support
labor shortages, particularly in the logistics replenishment of goods will be simpler with smart
the aging workforce can extend retention and
industry. Looking ahead, specialized services that devices (such as fridges and pill boxes) enabling
aid labor shortages
cater to the needs of an aging society will be subscription-based delivery models.
required, such as temperature-controlled delivery
of medicines to homes. Grey power workers – people who continue KEY CHALLENGES
to work beyond their 60s – will require new ■ Business models for new logistics healthcare
Direct-to-patient healthcare services can flexible HR conditions to cope with the upcoming
services are not yet validated
support the everyday life of ‘silver surfers’ labor shortage (e.g., opportunities for part-time
who regularly use the internet to access online employment and flexible hours). This is especially ■ Upskilling of existing personnel to provide
services. With the online pharmaceuticals relevant for logistics where the average age of a adequate healthcare services in the last mile
Trend Assessment
market set to grow to $128 billion by 202310, truck driver in the US is already 49 years old.11 ■ Coping with future personnel shortages, Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: Low Sector Relevance: Below
authenticated online healthcare marketplaces As attracting labor becomes a challenge, the older
especially in seasonal peaks and line-haul
will enable more direct-to-patient deliveries, generation will comprise a majority of the talent
pool. For manual handling activities, it will be transportation
digitalizing today’s process of collecting
prescriptions and medicines at pharmacies. This essential that operations workers are supported
growth will require more cold chain networks to with technologies such as exoskeletons and AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
ensure integrity. collaborative robotics.
9. https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf
10. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/epharmacy-market-to-reach-us128-billion-by-2023-transparency-market-research-560938961.html
11. http://www.trucking.org/ATA%20Docs/News%20and%20Information/Reports%20Trends%20and%20Statistics/10%206%2015%20ATAs%20Driver%20Shortage%20Report%202015.pdf Contact us
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KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS Warehousing marketplaces offer flexible, on- KEY OPPORTUNITIES
While freight exchange platforms have existed for demand warehouse space and enable seamless ■ Real-time quoting and flexible execution of Source: DHL
over a decade in logistics, there is a surge in the quote comparisons. This contrasts current transactions
number of cloud-driven marketplaces matching processes which tend to be time consuming
demand and supply in a digitally seamless manner. and typified by long-term contracts with ■ Easier online access to a broader customer and
These will evolve to potentially digitalize the limited flexibility. Similar to the Airbnb concept, supplier base
entire end-to-end logistics process of tendering, warehousing marketplaces offer agile access ■ Flexible sourcing of externally operated
contracting, delivering, and payment. Logistics to space, countering peaks in warehousing services instead of long-term partnerships and
providers can actively drive or participate in these requirements and allowing customers to flexibly
dependencies
platforms, ensuring their services remain price distribute goods across locations.
competitive and highly flexible. ■ Optimized capacity utilization, acquisition of
Last-mile delivery marketplaces offering additional capacity, and reduction of empty rides
Freight marketplaces match companies same-day/same-hour pick-up and other delivery ■ Increased price transparency through multiple
looking to ship freight using one or multiple services are growing due to consumer demand
comparisons in the digital marketplace
modes of transport (road, air, ocean, and/or rail) for convenience. Consumers can compare quotes,
with suppliers or brokers of logistics capacity. book upfront, and receive auction-style bids from
Customers profit from better comparability and on-demand delivery agents. In many of these peer- KEY CHALLENGES
transparency of proposals, optimized price/ to-peer delivery marketplaces, a flexible workforce ■ Security, insurance, liability, and fraud concerns
Trend Assessment
performance ratios, and high security through of private individuals acts as the delivery ■ Difficulties in guaranteeing the quality and Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: High Sector Relevance: Below
member certification and rating systems. Logistics agent. Such platforms require a critical mass of
availability of carrier capacity
providers can use these platforms to digitalize individuals to participate as agents as well as
internal processes as well as maximize cargo sufficient platform volume to ensure a sustainable ■ Forwarding business is potentially too complex
capacity. The integration of logistics marketplaces business model (see shutdown of UberRush). to automate via an online marketplace
with central planning, reporting, dispatching, and AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
tracking tools will further enhance impact.
Contact us
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The next generation of retail (including ‘webrooming’, showrooming, and no-line ■ Platform helps retailers manage and resell returned stock in local
commerce concepts) requires logistics networks tailored to the needs of each markets in a fast, cost-efficient manner
single channel. This new face of retail will require logistics providers to maintain ■ ZigZag grades retailers’ returned products and offers stock consolidation,
refurbishment, local redistribution, recycling, and reselling internationally
an integrated view of all customer channels and inventory, along with dynamic
with a revenue-share model
delivery and fulfillment options and seamless customer service interactions.
■ Returned items are intelligently allocated to one of 200 ZigZag
warehouses globally
■ Estimated to reduce returns cost by 50% and cut waste and CO2
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS and even same-hour delivery). To satisfy customer KEY OPPORTUNITIES emissions by 65%
The convergence of offline and online commerce expectations, companies will have to go beyond ■ Competitive advantage through a seamless Source: ZigZag
has resulted in an ‘anytime, anywhere, from today’s last-mile delivery options and also provide omni-channel supply chain
any device’ mentality for customers expecting a new services that facilitate easy returns as
seamless omni-channel experience. With global well. Growing B2B ecommerce will also require ■ New business opportunities for innovation in
B2B ecommerce sales overtaking B2C sales in specialized last-mile delivery services especially omni-channel warehousing, fulfillment, and
201712, logistics providers need to meet demands for high-value, time-critical deliveries. Already transportation services
for more flexibility and visibility. This will require today innovative concepts are being explored, ■ Cross-channel inventory visibility reduces costs
increasingly faster and varied fulfillment services such as try-and-buy models (e.g., Taykit), delivery
through inventory optimization, and can enable
– especially in terms of last-mile delivery options to car trunks, and smart locks enabling drop-off to
agile logistics networks
and seamless returns processes. houses even if no-one is at home.
Omni-channel warehousing and fulfillment Cross-channel omni-channel platforms shared KEY CHALLENGES
centers will require more flexibility in size, between manufacturers, retailers, and logistics ■ High diversity of concepts targeted at
services, and location to react to demand in providers will be essential to gain complete
integrating online and offline commerce
the shortest amount of time possible. This visibility of customer interactions and – more
could involve logistics providers offering importantly for logistics – a global overview ■ Significant investment to upgrade IT
more postponement services, treating stores of inventory. With the mix between offline and infrastructure across warehouses for real-time
Trend Assessment
as final-mile fulfillment centers (e.g., Jack & online channels, it will be essential for data connectivity and visibility Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: High Sector Relevance: Below
Jones), renting out shared warehouse spaces to and inventory between warehouses and other
■ Enabling ease of returns can add time and cost
cover peaks (e.g., Hollaspace), or even turning platforms to easily shift to meet peaks in demand.
Here, advanced analytics and artificial intelligence pressures to supply chains
warehouses into showrooms (e.g., IKEA).
will play a crucial role in such platforms, allowing
‘Anytime, anywhere’ delivery models will logistics providers to stay agile and shift supply AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
be required to meet the promises made by chain requirements as per anticipated demand.
companies to final consumers (e.g., same-day
12. https://www.statista.com/statistics/705614/global-b2b-e-commerce-gmv-region Contact us
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Servitization is the process of transforming traditional manufacturing strategies ■ Rolls Royce’s “Power-by-the-Hour” service changed the linear,
to focus on delivering product-enabled service models. By moving from a product- transactional purchase of an engine to a ten-year contractual
relationship with customers
based to a services-based business model, servitization creates strategic and closer
■ This is done by guaranteeing the operational time of the engine and
links to the customer while also providing valuable insights into product usage
insuring against downtime from equipment failure
which may not be visible today. To enable servitization concepts, logistics will be
■ Rolls Royce connects with its customers to do remote monitoring and
critical in ensuring product uptime and efficiency.
maintenance and offers further value-added services, including engine
health monitoring using on-board sensors
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS proximity to the manufacturer’s customer. KEY OPPORTUNITIES
Competition from low-cost economies, skills It enables faster responsiveness to conduct ■ More sophisticated, longer, higher-value Source: Rolls Royce
shortages, high-tech automation technologies, maintenance activities and deliver vital parts for contracts with customers based on outcomes
and changing consumer expectations are repairs. Workshops, service centers, and service
■ Less upfront investment needs for customers in
challenging the competitiveness and sustainability technicians must be located near or within
a servitization model
of traditional manufacturing businesses.13 First customer operations. Reviewing workforce
movers are already shifting from being a provider requirements and roles is key to ensuring ■ Strengthens the manufacturer’s customer
of transactional products to being a provider of connection to the customer’s needs. Spare relationships through integration and co-
long-term services, deploying innovative business parts networks need to be redesigned including location with each company’s operations
models (e.g., pay per hours of uptime) and new reviewing inventory positioning and potential ■ Insights for manufacturers on post-purchase
value-added services (e.g., analytics-as-a-service). inventory pooling opportunities. On-demand 3D product usage can be leveraged for further
printing of spare parts could become a viable
product and service innovations
These servitization models require a high degree option for spare parts management as the
of integration into the customer’s operations technology matures. ■ Competitive advantage for manufacturers as
and permeate all aspects of business including services are harder to replicate than products
processes, quality control, and aftersales service Supply chain resiliency and reliability are
and repair. To leverage the full potential of paramount in order to support critical customer KEY CHALLENGES
servitization, supply chains must be adapted and operations. In a servitization model, disruptions can Trend Assessment
■ Vertical operational manufacturer-customer
redesigned. Logistics providers play a critical have a more damaging impact than in a product- integration is costly and complex Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: Medium Sector Relevance: Below
role in ensuring availability and distribution based model as losses stem from failure to deliver
■ Breakdown in service can result in potentially
of inventory to ensure maximum uptime in an on the terms of a services-based contract. This will
require the intelligent use of data to accurately significant losses
advanced services business model.
forecast and plan aftermarket/spare parts demand, ■ Ensuring optimal balance of inventory and
Co-located and distributed service logistics mitigate supply chain risks, and eventually conduct supply chain coverage AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
facilities will be critical to attaining closer predictive maintenance of products. ■ Significant change management required
13. One survey estimated that 77% of surveyed UK CEOs are worried about the relevance of their products or services three years from now. http://www.delivered.dhl.com/en/articles/2017/06/the-challenge-of-responding-to-disruptive-technology.html Contact us
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15. https://logisticsviewpoints.com/2016/08/02/decoding-the-physical-internet/
16. https://blog.bosch-si.com/industry40/container-4-0-smart-transport-high-seas/ Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 33/55
Going beyond 4PL logistics, supergrid logistics will raise a new generation of ■ Within 18 years, Alibaba has risen to become the world’s largest and
logistics companies with primary focus on the orchestration of global supply most valuable retailer with operations in more than 200 countries
chain networks that integrate swarms of different production enterprises and ■ Beyond its ecommerce activities, Alibaba is continuously increasing its
reach into the logistics realm by heavily investing (more than $US 15
logistics providers. This opens up new business opportunities for different
billion within next 5 years) to build a global logistics network17
logistics branches – 4PL providers, companies with special expertise in complex
■ The ambition is to build the most efficient logistics network around the
or specific services, and even small local couriers and startups.
world, heading towards a supergrid approach
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS Global players will focus primarily on cross-border KEY OPPORTUNITIES
Customers can increasingly choose from a large integration, premium services, and orchestration ■ New business opportunities for global players Source: Alibaba
variety of logistics services globally, thanks to of regional and local service providers to enhance their networks and service levels
the cloud-powered online marketplaces and (cooperative competition) in a global supergrid.
startups that are unbundling traditional logistics
■ Increased B2B and B2C relationships and
integrators. A logistics supergrid concept Interoperability is a main driver of supergrid higher product security through enhanced data
spanning the entire globe can smoothly and logistics due to the need for a modularly transparency and traceability
flexibly integrate all parties along multiple supply configurable logistics service portfolio. Internally ■ Reduction of infrastructure and service
chains enabling collaboration of modular services operated or external services can be seamlessly
development costs, rapid time-to-value, and
for all types of customer, maximizing efficiency selected, orchestrated, and executed on demand.
scalability of services
and reducing costs. Looking ahead, this will Based on logistics-as-a-service (LaaS) models,
require standardized service modularization and smart business networks can be created ■ Faster and cost-efficient configuration of
seamless information management to enable an and individual intermodal, multimodal, and customized solutions
orchestrated ad-hoc coupling and de-coupling of synchromodal solutions can be executed quickly
logistics partners. Blockchain technology can also and cost efficiently.
improve transparency and security with new trust- KEY CHALLENGES
building measures in global supergrid networks. Logistics ’eforwarders’ can offer customers ■ Easy interoperability of services from different
end-to-end logistics services through broker providers is still a major challenge; only a few
Trend Assessment
Market segmentation splits the logistics platforms or similar concepts to connect shippers standards exist Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: High Sector Relevance: Below
provider market into new actor categories and carriers. Services with high complexity and
■ There are currently only a few cross-company,
such as service specialists, users, configurators, development costs (e.g., risk management/
security, customs clearance, compliance) will be cross-industry supergrid pilots
orchestrators of logistics solutions, and service
mall owners. Logistics malls will establish a new developed by only a few specialists. Premium ■ Full logistics-as-a-service or related business
degree of market transparency and give small eservices (ebilling, ecompliance, eclearance) will models are yet to be validated AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
local companies access to the global market. develop as new critical differentiators.
Propelled by technological progress in driving systems as well as growing ■ Delft Hyperloop was the winner of the SpaceX Hyperloop competition –
congestion in megacities, there is renewed interest in the use of existing and new it can reach speeds of over 1,2000 km/h and can carry both passengers
and freight
tube infrastructures for cargo transportation. Innovations such as the Hyperloop
■ Aim of the Hyperloop project is to significantly reduce travel time
could one day provide rapid cargo transit within and between cities for express
between two locations and be more cost effective than other means of
shipments or even passenger traffic.
transportation
■ DHL was the logistics partner and assisted Delft University to determine
the potential impact of Hyperloop on the logistics industry
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS Underground urban freight systems consist of KEY OPPORTUNITIES
Tube logistics is a visionary trend which has special, dedicated freight pipeline networks that ■ Express delivery between and within cities Source: DHL
received increased media attention in recent are either newly built or integrated into modified for urgent goods without relying on costly air
years mainly due to key announcements to build and existing pipes. Driverless freight pods can
freight options
a Hyperloop network between San Francisco be loaded with euro-pallets or parcels and can
and Los Angeles in which passengers and freight run autonomously in dedicated tracks (e.g., ■ Underground concepts reduce the land demand
would be transported in pods propelled at between consolidation centers located in the for road freight lanes, parking lots, and other
supersonic speeds. The 600-km journey could outer rim of cities and to inner city nodes). This facilities
take less than 30 minutes.18 Furthermore, cities, enables high-volume movement of freight into ■ Systems could operate around the clock
startups, retailers, and postal providers such as highly congested areas with no impact on surface
without impacting noise levels, and also
Swiss Post are also exploring underground cargo transportation systems (see Mole Solutions).
Further benefits can be reaped from reductions in reducing accident risk
alternatives due to slowing and more expensive
road transport in urban areas. Logistics providers noise and air pollution. ■ Environmentally friendly
could soon utilize these breakthroughs for faster
modes of inner- and intercity transportation. Utilizing capacity on public metro systems
to transport goods is already happening in KEY CHALLENGES
Long-distance Hyperloop systems can megacities such as Tokyo and New York City.19 ■ Tube logistics systems are still difficult and
accelerate capsules in a tube using magnetic During off-peak hours, for example during the expensive to build
Trend Assessment
propulsion technology to potentially reach speeds night, freight capsules or existing trains can be ■ Depots and storage premises would be needed Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: Low Sector Relevance: Below
of over 1,200 km per hour. A similar technology is loaded with cargo for delivery. This is especially
wherever the tubes surface
already being successfully used in Maglev trains. practical in cities where night-time street-level
The spread of these systems could one day enable delivery is not permitted due to noise pollution. ■ Tube systems require additional first- and last-
ultra-express delivery between major cities (e.g., mile delivery services; these create additional
for medical deliveries). transportation costs AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
18. http://www.techtimes.com/articles/99369/20151027/elon-musks-ultra-high-speed-hyperloop-bullet-train-to-begin-construction-in-november.htm
19. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/94fall/p94au21.cfm Contact us
Contents Page 35/55
Section Contents
36 3D Printing
37 Artificial Intelligence Automotive & Mobility Engineering & Manufacturing
38 Augmented Reality
39 Big Data Analytics
40 Bionic Enhancement
41 Blockchain Technology Energy
42 Cloud Logistics
43 Internet of Things
44 Low-cost Sensor Solutions
45 Next-generation Wireless
Life Sciences & Healthcare Retail & Consumer
46 Robotics & Automation
47 Self-driving Vehicles
Technology Trends
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Contents Section Contents Page 36/55
Encouraged by opportunities for greater customization, less waste, and more ■ As part of its aftersales services, Daimler offers 3D-printed spare parts for
selected vehicles
localized manufacturing and delivery, 3D printing will impact logistics by adding
new diversity to manufacturing strategies. Some companies may stop traditional ■ Currently over 30 units of 3D-printed parts are available for high-grade
plastic components, expanding to metallic parts as well
fabrication, but most will combine 3D printing with mass production techniques.
Customers are guaranteed rapid supply of each part even after several
Logistics providers can orchestrate complex hybrid manufacturing networks and ■
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS B2B 3D printing services can enable new KEY OPPORTUNITIES
3D printing has become a trusted technology logistics services especially in aftermarket supply ■ Logistics providers can become orchestrators of Source: Daimler
across various sectors, from printing of chains (the warehousing and distribution of spare complex and fragmented supply chains for raw
customized pills and medical devices to the parts). Instead of managing multiple warehouses
materials and end products
manufacturing of aviation components. As the stacked with spare parts that are typically rarely
technology continues to develop and, more ordered, logistics providers can set up a global 3D ■ New business opportunities (e.g., on-demand
importantly, overcomes challenges surrounding printing infrastructure coupled with a software spare parts printing and delivery)
liability and certification, the 3D printing market database of digital models. Parts can then be ■ Reduce transport costs and time by creating
is expected to grow tremendously with some printed only on demand at the nearest 3D printing
products closer to the point of use
estimates projecting the industry to be worth facility (e.g., airport hub) and be delivered to the
$550 billion by 2025.1 right location. Enabling parts to be manufactured
on demand ensures speed of delivery, reduces KEY CHALLENGES
3D printing will be highly applicable in areas such lead times, and cuts inventory costs. ■ Restrictions on materials and the speed of
as spare parts production and will significantly 3D printing could delay full adoption of this
impact related logistics services and volumes. A Hyper-personalization can be accelerated by technology
comprehensive ‘dematerialization’ of physical flows logistics providers offering postponement services
by operating local distribution centers equipped
■ Authors of digital design templates could
of manufactured goods is, however, still far off.
with 3D printers (see Batch Size One). The final be targeted by hackers and incur copyright Trend Assessment
Regional logistics networks will become more configuration of goods can be achieved by on- infringement Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: High Sector Relevance: Below
complex with an increasing shift from off-shoring demand 3D printing, enabling shorter lead times ■ Need to solve the certification and liability of
to near-shoring strategies, impacting regional/ for highly individualized products (e.g., customizing
3D printed parts
local supply chains and distribution. The varying and assembling products closer to demand).
degree to which industries apply 3D printing will
make it necessary to carefully evaluate the impact AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
on a company’s supply chain strategy.
1. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/3-d-printing-takes-shape Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 37/55
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS with planning forecasts to proactive operations KEY OPPORTUNITIES
Performance, accessibility, and costs of AI with predictive intelligence. An example is ■ Competitive advantage through data-driven Source: DHL
continue to improve thanks to major advances in predictive demand planning using data from online decision making and shift towards a predictive
big data, algorithmic development, connectivity, shops and forums to predict unexpected volume
AI-powered supply chain
cloud computing, and processing power. AI will spikes for trending products. Logistics providers
enable a more proactive and predictive approach and suppliers can then avoid costly overstocks or ■ Reduction in costs through highly efficient and
to help amplify the human components of global out-of-stock situations that result in lost sales for effective processes
supply chains. Networks can be orchestrated to both the supplier and the consumer. ■ Increase customer satisfaction through the
an unparalleled degree of efficiency, redefining personalization of services using AI
industry behaviors and practices. Looking ahead, Seeing, speaking & thinking logistics assets
IoT will be a key trend that feeds critical data empowered by AI can greatly relieve the physical
into AI-based systems. Business, society, and demands of modern logistics work. Applications KEY CHALLENGES
government bodies must develop standards and include the use of AI-powered robotics solutions ■ High capital costs and requirements for AI
regulations to ensure positive use of AI. and AI-based computer vision systems which can implementation including substantial data
augment much of today’s logistics operations such sets, computing power, and highly specialized
Back-office AI presents a significant opportunity as material sorting, handling, and inspections.
personnel skills in AI
to streamline the internal functions of logistics
corporations such as accounting, finance, human AI-powered customer experiences can further ■ Ethical concerns regarding the use of AI Trend Assessment
resources, and IT. Here, cognitive automation personalize customer touch points, drive shipment ■ Resistance from regulatory bodies and Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: High Sector Relevance: Below
can be applied to critical logistics tasks such as volumes, and increase customer loyalty and workforces affected by automation
ensuring the most updated customer addresses to retention. For example, the use of conversational
bolster successful deliveries. AI interfaces (e.g., Amazon Alexa) can enable
logistics providers to streamline interactions and
Predictive logistics can be enhanced by AI to be more attuned to their customers’ needs and AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
shift the logistics industry from operating reactively developments.
Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 38/55
Blurring the lines between the digital and physical worlds, augmented reality ■ First vision picking deployment at DHL completed with customer Ricoh
(AR) will provide new perspectives in logistics planning, process execution, and demonstrates a 25% performance increase when using smart glasses in
logistics
transportation. By adding virtual layers of contextual information onto a heads-
■ Benefits come from real-time connectivity of the devices to the WMS, the
up display or other digital device, AR empowers workers by providing the right
innovative user interface, and hands-free operation
information at the right time and in the right place.
■ Smart glasses are now being used in several operations globally
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS time operations. User-friendly interfaces can also KEY OPPORTUNITIES
AR enables its users to intelligently understand incorporate elements of gamification (e.g., virtual ■ Hands-free operation (e.g., barcode Source: DHL
their surroundings by integrating contextual scores for successful picks) to speed up processes recognition) results in higher efficiency and
information into their field of view through smart and increase job satisfaction.
error-free processes
glasses. “Vision picking” (order picking using
smart glasses in warehouse operations) will be a Safer and smarter driving can be achieved ■ Reduces costs while simultaneously improving
key application area for AR as first deployments for vehicle operators by utilizing AR as the next quality and performance
have already demonstrated significant potential. generation of navigation and driver-assistance ■ Faster training due to user-friendly interface
With the latest developments in contextual systems. Windshields can be used as heads-up
and language flexibility; potential for
computing and enterprise AR devices, AR is displays to project virtual layers of navigation
gamification of work
becoming an attractive tool to increase process information, as if this data is overlaid on the real
efficiency and quality in complex logistics environment. AR can also highlight road hazards
activities. Breakthroughs in the robustness and to the driver. KEY CHALLENGES
image recognition capability of AR hardware ■ Integration into existing warehouse
will enable wider adoption of this technology Intelligent last-mile operations can use
management systems (WMS) requires new
in logistics. smart glasses for the entire delivery process.
Workers equipped with smart glasses can conduct standards and interfaces
AR-powered warehouse operations utilize completeness checks of each shipment using ■ Customer-defined requirements of standards
Trend Assessment
smart glasses for the hands-free operation of object-recognition technology. AR can also be and disclosure are difficult to meet with current Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: Medium Sector Relevance: Below
various tasks within a warehouse such as product utilized to virtually highlight inside a vehicle to solutions
picking, packing, sorting, and even assembling. display the optimal internal loading sequence of
each shipment (taking account of route, weight,
■ Robustness and reliability of current AR devices
Already today, smart glasses have the ability
to display task information, read barcodes, and fragility, etc.). On delivery, AR can help in last- and systems needs to be further explored
support indoor navigation, and can be integrated meter navigation to correctly locate entrances. AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
into warehouse management systems for real-
Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 39/55
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS Smarter forecasting of demand, capacity, and KEY OPPORTUNITIES
Big data has already begun to make inroads in labor through big data analytics can significantly ■ Enhanced operational efficiency, visibility, and Source: ClearMetal
the logistics industry by turning large-scale data optimize planning and resource utilization, control over supply chains, assets, and staff
volumes into a valuable asset. Moving forward, process quality and performance, and can reduce
harnessing the full potential of big data will unnecessary costs in the supply chain. ■ New business opportunities through data-
require mastering the integration of structured based intelligence services
and unstructured data (social, images, video, etc.) Anticipatory shipping can be used by online ■ Increased customer satisfaction due to
from multiple data streams. Here, data lakes will retailers who have analyzed their customers’ individual and data-driven logistics offers
play an important role in enabling easy access purchasing behaviors to predict an order before
and services
of enterprise data especially in fragmented it occurs. This can then be used to move goods to
IT landscapes. Furthermore, the advancement distribution centers that are closer to a customer ■ Greater added value can be achieved by
of analytics and computing technologies (see who is likely to purchase the products. It can combining different data streams
Artificial Intelligence) will unlock exciting new enable retailers to offer same-day or even one-
ways to monetize data-driven operating and hour deliveries.
KEY CHALLENGES
business models. ■ Strong business and IT alignment is required
End-to-end supply chain risk management
can be improved by evaluating current conditions for implementation
Dynamic, real-time route optimization
through the intelligent correlation of data streams with existing data pools. Big data can be used ■ Anticipatory service requires open data
Trend Assessment
(shipment information, weather, traffic, etc.) can to mitigate risks by detecting, evaluating, and exchange between the logistics provider and Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: High Sector Relevance: Below
enable more efficient scheduling of assignments, alerting all potential disruptions on key trade customer
optimization of load sequences, and ‘down-to- lanes, caused by unexpected events such as
growing port congestion or high flood risks. This
■ Privacy concerns regarding data collection and
the-minute’ prediction of the estimated time of
arrival (ETA). can be further enhanced through the integration protection
of data from IoT devices. ■ Data quality and appropriate data science skills AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 40/55
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS Exoskeletons are robotic suits that boost the KEY OPPORTUNITIES
Aging workforces and labor shortages in mature wearer’s strength and endurance, greatly reducing ■ Increased efficiency through real-time Source: Samsung
markets are driving the need for exoskeletons the physical strain of manual handling activities. operational analytics from wearables, enabling
with the market projected to exceed a billion They are becoming increasingly applicable and
proactive correction
dollars within the next decade, up from demanded in logistics to replace bulky tools to lift
around $200 million in 2017.2 Initial logistics heavy objects. Various solutions focusing on parts ■ Revolutionary potential for hands-free task
use cases will focus on improving health and (or all of) the body are being developed for mass execution through gesture and thought-control
safety, particularly in reducing the stress and adoption (e.g., Panasonic Power Loader Suit). technologies
strain caused by repetitive movements in ■ Significant reduction and even elimination of
manual handling activities. This is a key issue in Human augmentation is the use of technology
work-related injuries, raising health and safety
transportation and warehousing which has one to boost the physical and cognitive abilities
of humans and enable new forms of human- standards
of the highest rates of occupational injury and
illness in the US private sector.3 machine interaction. Smart contact lenses and
smart chip implants can be used for security KEY CHALLENGES
Beyond exoskeletons, breakthroughs in sensors procedures as well as access control. Advanced ■ No cost/benefit indicators available so far
and nanotechnologies have allowed for chips are also being used to “connect” humans
as this trend is, at best, in its early stages of
previously unimaginable bionic solutions. Initial for exchanging concepts without the necessity
industrial trials of advanced solutions in human of speech. Brain-computer interfaces that focus
industrial adoption Trend Assessment
augmentation have become prevalent in the on using brain waves for controlling machines ■ Most bionics are currently immature for Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: Low Sector Relevance: Below
market, such as using implants for security and could potentially enable new ways of immersive enterprise usage but are developing quickly
access control and innovative interfaces that interaction between humans and machines. ■ Ethical challenges with human enhancements
allow for steering computers through brain waves
(e.g., Neuralink). Forward-thinking companies
will utilize bionic enhancements to support the AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
workforce in coming decades.
2. https://qz.com/971741/robot-exoskeletons-are-finally-here-and-theyre-nothing-like-the-suits-from-iron-man/
3. www.bls.gov/web/osh/cd_r44.xlsx Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 41/55
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS lading). Industry-wide adoption will have KEY OPPORTUNITIES
Blockchain is a nascent technology which at significant impact, reducing delay, fraud, and ■ Higher levels of transparency can drive internal Source: DHL
its core represents a fundamental shift from a costs across the supply chain. process optimization and better visibility for the
centralized to a decentralized and distributed customer
database system. By sharing information on a Improving traceability and transparency GENUINE
blockchain-based system, the technology can of goods across the supply chain, from point of ■ Process efficiencies and cost savings through
support collaboration and transparency in the origin to last-life will be possible with blockchain the adoption of smart contract principles
highly fragmented logistics industry. The greatest technology. Several initiatives are monitoring ■ New business opportunities and models (e.g.,
application area lies in global trade, where goods provenance, from how they were made to
new track-and-trace capabilities)
solutions that reduce supply chain trade barriers how they are being managed. This data is stored
can increase global GDP by nearly 5% and global permanently and shared across decentralized FAKE
trade by 15%.4 Looking ahead, industry adoption, networks, enabling comprehensive track-and- KEY CHALLENGES
governance of standards, and interoperability trace beyond current capabilities. Users can verify ■ Technical limitations such as scalability and
will be critical to the success of this technology in if products are authentic or have met handling power consumption need to be overcome to
enterprise applications. requirements (e.g., Walmart pilot on food enable sustainable, large-scale deployment
tracking).
■ Industry adoption will be critical which is
Faster and leaner logistics in global trade
using a common blockchain-based system creates Automating commercial processes with difficult to achieve in the fragmented logistics Trend Assessment
transparency for all supply chain parties as they blockchain-based smart contracts can greatly industry Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: Medium Sector Relevance: Below
can view progress of goods, status of customs enhance payment times and reduce invoicing ■ Governance and standards body will
documents, and other data (e.g., Maersk/IBM joint errors through instantaneous payment once
be required to ensure regulations and
venture). Key trade documents such as the bill of agreed conditions are met (e.g., initiating
interoperability
lading can be digitalized with participants issuing, payment as soon as a pallet arrives at the right
transferring, and receiving the original document location). A key application area in future will be AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
through a blockchain network (e.g., ZIM e-bill of machine-to-machine payments (e.g., IoTA).
4. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2013/01/how-can-supply-chains-drive-growth/ Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 42/55
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS well as larger companies to react more flexibly to KEY OPPORTUNITIES
In recent years, logistics providers have begun market volatility, paying only for the services they ■ Agile, flexible, and elastic business models Source: Freightly
to embrace cloud logistics as it enables rapid, actually need and use, instead of having to invest enabled by high on-demand scalability of IT
efficient, and flexible access to IT services for in a fixed-capacity IT infrastructure. Companies services
innovative supply chain solutions. Already today, using cloud-based solutions can budget for this as
■ Improved ability to control supply chain
more than 50% of logistics providers use cloud- operating expenditure.
processes through digitized processes and
based services and a further 20% are planning to
do so in the near future.5 Looking ahead, open and Cloud-powered global supply chains virtualize easily shared real-time data
web-based APIs will form the basis of modular information and material flows by moving all ■ Increased price transparency for users of LaaS
on-demand cloud logistics services, replacing supply chain processes into cloud. With complex software through pay-per-use or renting models
outdated, legacy communication systems (such and fragmented global supply chains, logistics ■ Integration of services in central platforms
as EDIs). Furthermore, edge computing will providers often have to deal with a variety of
using open APIs
continuously enhance cloud logistics by utilizing transactions taking place between multiple
computing power close to the data, drastically parties, using different warehouse and transport
reducing bandwidth requirements. management systems. Cloud allows for the KEY CHALLENGES
coordination and orchestration of this information ■ Data migration and security issues need to be
Modular cloud logistics platforms offer into one integrated view, making it a key enabler verified (e.g., keeping control of sensitive data)
open, web-based access to a choice of flexible, of a virtual ‘control tower’, providing 360-degree Trend Assessment
■ Compatibility and integration of modular cloud
configurable on-demand logistics-related IT management dashboards. Furthermore, cloud
services into supply chain management systems Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: High Sector Relevance: Below
services that can be easily integrated into gives companies more precise control over
remains a challenge
supply chain processes. Cloud-based transport their global inventory levels and the location of
management systems can assimilate orders, shipments and assets. Ultimately, this paves the ■ Performance concerns such as latency triggered
billing, and track-and-trace services in one way for sophisticated supergrid logistics networks. by increased data volumes and real-time
combined platform. Pay-per-use models enable requirements AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
small and medium-sized logistics providers as
5. https://www.logistik-heute.de/Logistik-News-Logistik-Nachrichten/Markt-News/15213/Cloud-Loesungen-werden-fuer-die-Logistik-immer-wichtiger-Studie-Siegeszug-de Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 43/55
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS can also drive higher levels of worker health and KEY OPPORTUNITIES
IoT presents an immense $1.9 trillion opportunity safety through a connected workforce concept, ■ Increases the transparency, traceability, and Source: DHL
in logistics.6 However, until now only a few and may be additionally used to optimize facility reliability of logistics operations
IoT applications in logistics have experienced management through the integration of IoT in the
■ More operational efficiency and less cost with
widespread adoption, due to the total cost of warehouse infrastructure.
automated decisions in complex environments
deployment, security concerns, and an absence
of standards in the fragmented logistics industry. Intelligent transportation solutions can ■ Real-time connectivity helps to improve service
With the global connected logistics market increase transparency and integrity in the supply quality, optimize asset utilization, and increase
estimated to substantially grow to $27 billion chain through innovative smart truck concepts. operational security
at a CAGR of 7.6% until 20237, breakthroughs For example, in-vehicle telematics can collect data ■ Creation of more dynamic and customized
in the development of low-cost IoT networks on movements and idle time to maximize fleet delivery services for customers
(see Next-generation Wireless) and continually and asset utilization as well as dynamic route
falling sensor prices will enable large-scale IoT planning and optimization. IoT can also be used
deployments in logistics. Furthermore, early to reduce vehicle downtime via the prediction KEY CHALLENGES
adopters will have exciting opportunities to of asset failure and automated maintenance ■ High levels of fragmentation within the
develop new, IoT-based business models. scheduling. logistics industry require the development of a
logistics IoT standard
Connected warehouses can increase the The connected consumer and the proliferation Trend Assessment
■ Data and security concerns in the IoT-powered
transparency of all assets through the tagging of smart homes (e.g., smart locks) will enable supply chain Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: High Sector Relevance: Below
of individual items, pallets, and operational new IoT-based delivery concepts such as secured
■ Achieving seamless indoor and outdoor tracking
equipment. These smart items can transmit in-home delivery services. This can offer more
visibility to the consumer and help to avoid and roaming at a low cost of deployment
information about their current task, condition,
and position, enabling powerful analytics to unnecessary deliveries. ■ IoT hardware needs to be further ruggedized
improve planning and visibility, process efficiency for large deployments in logistics, especially in AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
and asset utilization, as well as maintenance. IoT terms of battery life
6. http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/services/portfolio/consulting-services/documents/consulting-services-capturing-ioe-value-aag.pdf
7. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-connected-logistics-market-expected-to-reach-27722-million-by-2023---allied-market-research-675151133.html Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 44/55
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS chain processes such as dynamic load capacity KEY OPPORTUNITIES
The global smartphone population is nearing optimization and volume-based pricing. Consumers ■ Real-time dimensioning has further potential Source: Aquifi
3 billion devices and, with an average of 14 themselves will use similar technology with mobile to develop new services (e.g., volume-based
sensors per device, this has created a mass apps allowing self-preparation of shipments (e.g.,
pricing and billing enforcement) to enhance
market for low-cost sensors as performance measuring parcel dimensions at home).
operational efficiency and quality control
increases with each new smartphone release.8
Consumer electronics sensors (accelerometers, Assisted visual inspections with advanced ■ Sensor-equipped devices are ideal for real-time
gyroscopes, temperature, humidity, etc.) will computer vision will further open opportunities monitoring and control of logistics processes
expand significantly in the future, enabling new to improve accuracy and quality in operations. ■ Cost savings will be achieved compared to
consumer-to-industrial applications. Sensors for With 3D vision and deep learning, operations can
industrial-grade or conventional scanner
depth sensing and imaging (e.g., Intel RealSense, automate inspection of outbound or returned
goods far beyond human capabilities; up to 100 systems
Microsoft Kinect) are already in use with
automated volume-measurement applications. quality parameters can be accurately assessed
Further, smartphones and wearables are bringing in a few seconds. The combination of advanced
KEY CHALLENGES
efficient and cost-effective computing capabilities computer vision and deep learning could also be
■ Scalability of dimensioning solutions will
to more areas of logistics operation. Sensors that used for cycle counting individual items on a shelf.
largely depend on achieving trade certifications
can detect environmental quality and even odors
should be available within the next 5-10 years, Worker wearables are increasingly being ■ Concerns surrounding security and reliability of
Trend Assessment
unlocking further areas for innovation. adopted in the logistics industry to improve cloud-based applications and consumer devices Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: Medium Sector Relevance: Below
health and safety practices and to enable may slow adoption
Dimensioning with the use of 3D camera real-time operational analytics with proactive
technologies and sophisticated software correction capabilities. Successful pilots have
algorithms is being used in a variety of applications tested a range of use cases from smart watches
for the fast and efficient measurement of freight. monitoring worker heart rates and location to AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
Such systems will further automate supply smart necklaces to monitor driver drowsiness.
8. https://blog.adtile.me/2015/11/12/were-you-aware-of-all-these-sensors-in-your-smartphone/ ;
http://mobilemarketingmagazine.com/24bn-smartphone-users-in-2017-says-emarketer Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 45/55
Next-generation Wireless Building the Largest IoT Network in the World – Sigfox
Breakthroughs in existing wireless network technologies and the rise of entirely ■ Available in 45 countries, Sigfox enables large volumes of connected
new networks are accelerating IoT applications in both the consumer and enterprise devices to send small amounts of data without needing much battery
power, allowing them to be deployed in larger numbers over long period
environments. In logistics, these intelligent networks can enable cost-effective
of times
seamless indoor and outdoor connectivity and localization of shipments and assets.
■ It is compatible with Bluetooth, GPS 2G/3G/4G, and Wifi
The vision of a connected supply chain with complete transparency and traceability
■ By combining other connectivity solutions with Sigfox, business cases
becomes more and more tangible.
and user experience can be drastically improved
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS 5G is the next-generation mobile network beyond KEY OPPORTUNITIES
While there are many promising use cases for IoT 4G. Compared to its predecessor, it offers vast ■ Full E2E connectivity around the world without Source: Sigfox
in logistics, many of the applications have not yet improvements especially in the area of energy white spots (100% internet access)
materialized largely due to limitations in device consumption and provides higher data rates and
battery life and the cost of localizing, tracking, capacity for more devices. Due to its low latency, ■ Extended battery life for IoT devices can
and analyzing vast amounts of connected devices. 5G is a key enabler for autonomous driving, which accelerate asset monitoring and tracking
While current cellular networks are highly suitable greatly benefits the logistics industry. At the same in logistics
for roaming, they are geared towards high data time, the wide range of low-energy benefits of ■ Seamless indoor and outdoor connectivity and
throughput which is not optimal in logistics 5G allows new globally utilizable tracking and
localization can strengthen business cases
where small data sets are sent to the network condition monitoring capabilities for parcels
(such as location and status). The adoption of and devices.
IoT networks, the upcoming 5G standard, and KEY CHALLENGES
low-orbit satellite deployments will expand the Low orbit satellites are essential technology ■ Deployment of 5G is not yet foreseeable on a
possibilities and viability of IoT applications in elements in the provision of global network
global scale
logistics. A combination of all these technologies coverage, reducing white spots to a minimum
and right applications can deliver huge cost which is important for logistics operations in ■ LPWAN coverage will take time due to capital
savings and new business models. remote areas. In contrast to current network investments required to build new network
infrastructure, low orbit satellites can be deployed Trend Assessment
■ Interoperability between networks, some of
Low-power wide area networks (LPWANs) to offer immediate, high-performance network which have proprietary standards Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: Medium Sector Relevance: Below
such as Sigfox, LoRa, and Narrowband IoT are access.
promising in their development due low energy
■ Preparations for large-scale IoT deployment can
demands which greatly increase device battery be time intensive
life and wide area geographical coverage. This is
essential especially for logistics asset monitoring AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
and tracking where device battery life plays a key
role in the business case of IoT deployments.
Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 46/55
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS also be moved from warehouse to warehouse KEY OPPORTUNITIES
The rise of ecommerce is requiring logistics to cover changing peak seasons and be used ■ Increase in agility and elasticity of logistics Source: DHL
providers to operate faster and more efficiently to conduct replenishment, cycle counting, and infrastructure to cost effectively meet market
to rapidly process small individual orders, and at cleaning activities overnight. Looking ahead,
fluctuations
the same time the industry is facing rising labor breakthroughs will ensure mobile piece-picking
shortages. Robotics will be essential to operate in robots play a major role in future warehouse ■ Increase in asset utilization and overall
this new dynamic and, with 80% of warehouses operations. productivity
today being manually operated9, this presents ■ Improved health and safety
immense potential for automation. Looking Trailer and container unloading robots
are still nascent in maturity but will have a
■ Automation of repetitive and physically
ahead, robotics solutions will continue to become
faster, more accurate, flexible, and affordable due significant impact in logistics by automating this strenuous tasks enables scarce labor to be
to swift progress in grip and sensor technologies. physically strenuous and repetitive task. Low-cost assigned to more complex tasks
With an improved price/performance ratio, the image recognition technologies and progress in
adoption of robotics solutions will accelerate over computing power are enabling first solutions that
the next three years. use robotics arms equipped with powerful sensors KEY CHALLENGES
and grippers to locate single parcels, analyze ■ Legal restrictions on the use of robots near
Flexible automation in warehousing and their size and shape, and determine the optimal human workers as well as operational speeds
fulfillment can use a fleet of intelligent robotics unloading sequence. Trend Assessment
■ Raises new regulatory, accountability, ethical,
to upscale and downscale operations as needed. and legal issues, such as the appropriate level Timeframe: < 5 years Impact: High Sector Relevance: Below
Stationary piece-picking robots (e.g., from Rethink Assistance robots for local delivery can be
of automation versus human job security
Robotics) and automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) used to follow delivery personnel to transport
which can intelligently sense the environment heavy items (e.g., Deutsche Post PostBot),
around them to assist workers with tasks such pre-sort shipments inside delivery vehicles, and
as picking, packing, and sorting are seeing first autonomously deliver shipments to dedicated AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
major deployments in logistics. They could collection points (e.g., Robby Technologies).
9. http://www.dhl.com/en/about_us/logistics_insights/dhl_trend_research/robotics_in_logistics.html#.WrnjBvlua70 Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 47/55
full charge
soon fundamentally transform the way vehicles are assembled, operated, utilized,
■ Enhanced autopilot feature provides an advanced driver-assistance
and serviced. From trucks to last-mile robots, self-driving vehicles will transform
system that includes adaptive cruise control, lane centering, and self-
logistics by unlocking new levels of safety, efficiency, and quality.
parking and enables the truck to be summoned from a parked position
■ Tesla has planned for fully autonomous driving capabilities once
regulatory, technical, and legal hurdles have been overcome
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS the highway) to support each driver’s health KEY OPPORTUNITIES
In logistics, self-driving vehicles have gradually and safety. ■ Significant cost savings realized due to better Source: Tesla
been adopted in carefully controlled environments fuel efficiency with optimized routing, and
such as warehouses and yards over the last few Autonomous last-mile deliveries led by
reduced labor costs
years. The next evolutionary step will be to deploy purpose-built vans loaded with everyday goods
self-driving vehicles in shared and public spaces such as groceries, electronics, or apparel could be ■ Greater reliability and operational productivity
such as on highways and city streets to further a reality in the future. More mobile autonomous by reducing human error and enabling 24/7
optimize logistics operations and increase safety. vehicles such as drones or sidewalk delivery utilization
Many companies are working on accelerating robots can also disrupt modern delivery service ■ Reduced greenhouse gas emissions and overall
the acceptance of the fully driverless vehicle, standards, providing same-day deliveries with
environmental impact due to more efficient fuel
with more than 40 industry players as of May reduced labor costs. This is particularly attractive
for logistics companies as last-mile deliveries consumption
2017.10 However to have widespread deployment
of autonomous trucks, last-mile delivery robots, have historically been inefficient and account for
and other autonomous vehicles, it is essential to almost 40% of total delivery costs.12
KEY CHALLENGES
overcome challenges of government regulation, ■ Security and safety concerns as a result of
social acceptance, and safety concerns. Indoor and outdoor logistics operations can
leverage various forms of self-driving vehicle potential hackers and software bugs that can
Line-haul transportation involves long journeys to perform traditionally labor-intensive tasks. have detrimental consequences Trend Assessment
(often overnight), significant carbon emissions, Autonomous and semi-autonomous forklifts, ■ Legal restrictions in various countries / states Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: High Sector Relevance: Below
and an extremely high driver turnover rate of up mobile robots, and pallet movers will be able to can slow adoption
to 90% in some markets.11 Logistics providers automate container and equipment handling. This
flexibility will benefit logistics providers through
■ Loss / retraining of jobs affected by driverless
can utilize various driverless technologies such
as platooning and autonomous highway (manual labor cost reduction and increased efficiency and vehicles
operation only when the truck enters or leaves safety through machine-human collaboration. AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
10. https://www.cbinsights.com/research/autonomous-driverless-vehicles-corporations-list/
11. http://www.trucking.org/article/Truckload-Turnover-Surges-in-Second-Quarter
12. https://www.sdcexec.com/warehousing/article/12314667/overcoming-lastmile-delivery-and-urban-logistics-obstacles Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 48/55
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Fully Autonomous Indoor Cycle Counting with Drones
– PINC
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or ‘drones’ can be used to deliver goods in
the first and last mile as well for intralogistics and surveillance operations. ■ Cycle counting is time-consuming, costly, disruptive, requires equipment,
and exposes people to safety risks
UAVs will not replace traditional ground-based transportation. However, they
■ PINC uses a fully autonomous indoor drone coupled with advanced
will provide value in operating safely in remote, potentially dangerous-to-
optical, RFID, and barcoding sensor capabilities to automate cycle
access locations.
counting
■ It contains software enabling real-time three-dimensional mapping,
navigation, inventory identification, and location accuracy
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS and hence ensure frequent transparency on KEY OPPORTUNITIES
Although ‘hobby drones’ have become popular available stock. ■ Faster intralogistics and surveillance operations Source: PINC
with consumers, the adoption of commercial
■ Operational efficiency and flexibility of delivery
UAVs is still in its early stages. Within the logistics Surveillance of infrastructure can be enhanced
realm, several commercial tests have been by using UAVs to, for example, check the networks can be increased
conducted over recent years (e.g., by Amazon, condition of industrial buildings and inspect trade ■ Reduction in risks and accidents through
Google, and DHL). However, these tests have not lines for damage or the need for maintenance automated delivery in remote areas
yet proven the return on investment for delivery work. Additionally, assets can be monitored for
■ More cost-efficient remote security checks of
drones at large scale. In addition, regulations theft prevention at warehouses and yards. This
increases not only the efficiency of operations warehouses and trade lines (e.g., rail network,
remain a major obstacle to overcome to release
delivery drones in public areas. For example, many but also the safety of staff conducting this work pipelines)
countries require line of sight between drone and manually today.
operator. Hence, market analysts expect a much
KEY CHALLENGES
stronger impact of UAVs within the inspection Delivery drones have the potential to transform
the way goods are delivered to rural areas, as
■ Unauthorized interception or hacking of UAVs
segment and intralogistics operations.
well as within megacities. Last-mile deliveries ■ Privacy, noise, and safety concerns especially
Intralogistics operations can be streamlined using drones allow delivery times to be reduced from the public
by using UAVs for intra-plant transport (e.g., while also relieving traffic congestion in densely Trend Assessment
■ Requires integration of UAV traffic in crowded
carrying parts to the required production facility) populated cities. Rural areas benefit from UAVs Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: Medium Sector Relevance: Below
as areas with difficult accessibility can receive airspace networks
and urgent supplier-to-plant spare parts delivery
as well as to ferry products from back rooms to on-demand shipments by air, even in hazardous ■ Regulatory restrictions might affect the
the sales floor (e.g., Walmart). UAVs equipped conditions. Furthermore, systems need to be adoption of UAVs in logistics
with computer vision technology can be deployed developed that prevent drones from being
inside warehouses to conduct inventory checks hijacked in transit. AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
Contact us
Contents Section Contents Page 49/55
Virtual Reality & Digital Twins Transforming Logistics in the Manufacturing Industry
with Digital Twins – GE
Virtual reality (VR) technology, commercially popularized through video games,
has since evolved for use in manufacturing, distribution, and supply chains. By ■ GE has created digital twins of supply chain and factory processes
enabling users to design, simulate, and evaluate environments in 3D, logistics ■ This has resulted in significant improvements in inventory management
and factory throughput
providers can make better-informed decisions for optimizing material flows and
monitoring processes. Digital twins of logistics operations can further unlock ■ An app allows the factory manager to communicate with the digital twin
and gives visibility on everything from inventory and factory capacity to
supply chain optimization.
product cycle times and on-time delivery at the plant
KEY DEVELOPMENTS & IMPLICATIONS physical sites will be much easier to implement KEY OPPORTUNITIES
With recent advancements in the development through VR. Material flows, infrastructure planning, ■ Cost savings can be realized through accurately Source: GE
of VR hardware and software, enterprise VR new equipment simulation, and setup costs can testing virtual concept creations such as
has been recognized as an important logistics be visualized and trialed prior to implementation.
warehouse layout planning and production
asset capable of enhancing planning, resource Logistics providers will be able to accurately
simulations
allocation, and decision making. This has been architect test environments with a virtual “look
enabled through VR applications in logistics and feel”, resulting in improved and accelerated ■ Reduced waste and improved inventory
such virtual training, virtual concept creations, planning processes with reduced costs. performance with, for example, digital twins
and digital twins. These have far-reaching enables transparency of goods and assets
implications for the logistics provider including Digital twins refers to the digital replica of a throughout the supply chain
improved monitoring of logistics processes and physical asset that is connected through the
subsequent reduction in cost, waste, and risk IoT. Logistics companies will be able to detect
when transporting and delivering goods. and respond to activities occurring in the KEY CHALLENGES
physical world that are immediately reflected ■ High development and investment costs
Virtual training using VR will provide a much in the virtual representation. This can include required to set up VR solutions that are
more efficient method to educate employees on maintenance activities of a forklift, utilization
adaptable and have high technical performance
logistics processes. Practical VR demonstrations of a delivery truck, or recording shock events
involve immersive e-learning scenarios, which are for a smart package during transportation. This ■ Security concerns that hackers may access VR Trend Assessment
particularly important for health and safety topics allows for real-time updates on the status of data containing sensitive information about the Timeframe: > 5 years Impact: Low Sector Relevance: Below
such as operating heavy machinery. This form of goods and assets throughout the supply chain, company’s supply chain processes
training is cost effective and its immersive nature leading to faster responsiveness, reduced waste, ■ Ensuring synchronization between numerous
can lead to greater employee satisfaction. better inventory performance, and warehouse
stakeholders throughout the VR supply chain
optimization.
can be complex
Virtual concept creations including production AUTO E&M TECH ENERGY LSH RET&CON
simulations and digital layout planning for
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References
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Further Information
For more information about the ‘Logistics
Trend Radar‘, please contact:
SPECIAL THANKS TO
over 10,000 logistics professionals who visit our DHL Innovation
Centers every year, providing us with invaluable feedback to
develop our Logistics Trend Radar.
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Recommended Reading
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