Git Radiology and Imaging
Git Radiology and Imaging
Git Radiology and Imaging
-inflammation,
infection or ischemia
C. ULTRASOUND
Indications
3. Small Bowel Series (SBS) ◦ Evaluation of solid organs such as the liver,
Indications pancreas, spleen, kidneys and fluid-filled
a. Inflammatory, neoplastic or infectious structures such as the gallbladder and urinary
diseases which result in mucosal changes or bladder
obstruction of the small bowels. ◦ Ability to characterize lesions as solid, cystic
or complex
This shows the
◦ Of value in evaluating nonpalpable,
distribution of the small
intraabdominal and retroperitoneal masses
bowel. Take note of the
◦ Small amount of fluid collections in the
differences of the
peritoneal space are also easily assessed.
valvulated patterns,
more prominent in the - Any enlargement of the structures suspect tumor,
jejunum than in ileum about >2.5 cm
-transit time of the - Gall bladder- pear shaped, wall measures 8mm, if
medium is within 2-3 hrs there’s thickening – cholecystitis
Lymphoma
- Fluids such as Bile appears dark, while
-segmentation and calcifications or stones appears white
distortion of the mucosal (hyperechoic)
folds, characteristic finding
of malabsorption syndrome
4. Barium enema
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Gall bladder: bile is dark, inside is ◦ During ERCP, sphincterotomy, biopsy,
multiple small echogenic foci. Due to stone extraction, and mucosal brushings
calcifiactions/stones, sound waves can be done
can’t penetrate through it and produces ◦ IOC may be used to visualize nonpalpable
distal acoustic shadowing stones during surgery
– Cholelithiasis ◦ T-tube cholangiogram is used to detect
retained stones after surgery
D. CT SCAN
Indications
a. A powerful imaging technique for evaluating IV. INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
the abdominal walls, intraperitoneal and
retroperitoneal spaces, all organ systems, A. Visceral Angiogram and embolization
fascial planes and potential spaces Indications
b. May be used to evaluate the entire abdomen - evaluation and treatment of vascular diseases
for masses and their extension into - presurgical evaluation of lesions
adjacent structures. - Embolization: Endovascular treatment of specific
c. Can also differentiate between solid and diseases, e.g. bleeding control, tumor
cystic masses, exudates from transudates, chemoembolization, pre-operative devascularization…
and can demonstrate calcifications within Technique:
masses - Patient positioning, sterilization, draping
- Introduction of Needle, Guidewire, Catheter, into
- Given contrast medium to enhanced structures- Femoral Artery
vessels appear white, fat appear dark.
REFERENCE
1. Lecture ppt and recording
2. Wala masyado sa Harrisons
SHOUTOUTS! ^_^
Thanks to Gail for the recording and kay Grace S. thank
you na rin sa effort to send it, to Angel for the Harrison’s
and jollibee breakfast.. To Alvin for the powerpoint..
And we must not forget to thank God for keeping us alive…
continue to pray for our safety in all the calamities that
may come..
Goodluck to all of us.. esp sa exams, sana maging
“physically, mentally, and emotionally ready tayo” (-Carlo
Sancha)
Hope you enjoyed our early sembreak.. hehe!
KEY POINTS
1– Plain Abdominal Radiograph – shows calcifications.
Stones and tumor
2. Patterns of calcification: Toothlike – teratoma or cyst;
Ring-like - hemangiomas
3. Psoas shadow and renal shadow – bounded by fat thus
appears translucent
4. in small bowel obstruction/ atresia – absence of colonic
or distal gas
Duodenal atresia – double bubble sign; Jejunal
atresia – triple bubble sign; Step ladder sign – air fluid
levels
5. Pneumoperitoneum: Double wall sign, Rigler’s sign
6. Achalasia – shows beak-like in barium swalow
7. Upper GI series: Double contrast exam
Pancreatic mass – widening of C loop (duodenal loop)
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis – String sign
8. Lymphoma-segmentation and distortion of the mucosal
folds, characteristic finding of malabsorption syndrome
9. Diverticulosis – multiple diverticles or outpouchings
10. Colon cancer (adenoCa) -apple core deformity
11. Colitis -thumbprinting
12. Cholelithiasis - multiple small echogenic foci,
calcifiactions/stones, distal acoustic shadowing; if with
gall bladder wall thickening - cholecystitis
13. FAST – detects free fluid
14. T-tube cholangiogram is used to detect retained
stones after surgery
15. MRCP advantages over ERCP- allows detection of
extraductal disease.
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