Basic Motor Technology
Basic Motor Technology
Basic Motor Technology
Technology
ABB Motors
ABB Motors 1
Basic Motor Technology
for ABB Motors' totally enclosed, fan cooled, three-
phase squirrel cage motors.
This catalogue includes basic technical information Information about the electrical and mechanical design
about the electrical and mechanical design of standard of Ex-motors, open drip proof motors IP 23, slip-ring
motors. General specifications stated in the motors, brake motors, single-phase motors and other
international standards for electrical machines are also special motors can be found in respective product
included. catalogues. The contact information for obtaining
catalogues and brochures is on the back cover.
2 ABB Motors
Contents:
Page:
Standards
General 4
Degree of protection 5
Cooling 5
Mounting arrangements 5
D-end and N-end 7
Direction of rotation 7
Dimensions and power standards 7
Insulation and insulation classes 8
Terminal markings 8
Symbols and units 10
Characteristics and tolerances 10
Typical motor current and torque curves 12
Electrical design
Starting of motors 13
Example of starting performance with different
load torques 14
Torque of voltage deviation 15
Permitted starting time 15
Permitted frequency of starting and
reversing 16
Soft starters 17
Permitted output in high ambient
temperatures or at high altitudes 17
Motors for 60 Hz operation 18
Duty types 19
Efficiency and power factor 22
Power factor cos at start 23
Inspection and testing 23
Frequency converter drives 24
Mechanical design
Protection against corrosion 27
Drain holes 27
Stator winding 27
Rotor winding 27
Terminal box 27
Bearings 28
Transport locking 28
Lubrication 28
Bearing life 28
Permissible bearing and shaft loads 28
Balancing 28
Noise levels 29
Addition of sound sources 29
ABB Motors product range 30
ABB Motors presentation 31
ABB Motors 3
Standards
General
ABB motors are of the totally enclosed, three phase All ABB Motors European production units are certified
squirrel cage type complying with International IEC-stan- according to ISO 9001, an international quality standard.
dards, CENELEC, relevant VDE-regulations and DIN-
standards. Motors are also available conforming to other ABB Motors conform to the applicable EEC Directives.
national and international specifications.
The fixing dimensions of ABB Motors product conform to international standards and tolerances with the exception of flange perpendicularity in
machines with aluminium frames.
4 ABB Motors
Degree of protection
The standard degree of enclosure protection for ABB Higher degrees of protection, e.g. IP 56, are available for
totally enclosed motors, according to IEC 34-5, DIN 40050, some types on request.
is IP 55.
Cooling
The totally enclosed fan cooled motors are frame surface being IC 411 as defined in IEC 34-6.
cooled by means of an external fan; the method of cooling
Mounting arrangements
Mounting arrangements are according to IEC 34-7.
IM 1 00 1
Designation for
International Mounting
IEC 34-7 specifies two ways of stating how a motor is The table on page 6 includes the designations for the most
mounted. commonly encountered mounting arrangements, accor-
ding to the two codes.
*Code I covers only motors with bearing end shields and
one shaft extension. In addition to these designations, the designation IM..8.
also occurs. This indicates that the motor shall operate in
*Code II is a general code. all mounting positions, according to IM ..0. to IM ..7.
ABB Motors 5
Code I: IM B 3 IM V 5 IM V 6 IM B 6 IM B 7 IM B 8
Code II: IM 1001 IM 1011 IM 1031 IM 1051 IM 1061 IM 1071
Foot-mounted motor:
Code I: IM B 5 IM V 1 IM V 3 *) *) *)
Code II: IM 3001 IM 3011 IM 3031 (IM 3051) (IM 3061) (IM 3071)
Flange-mounted motor.
Large flange with
clearance fixing holes.
Code I: IM B 14 IM V 18 IM V 19 *) *) *)
Code II: IM 3601 IM 3611 IM 3631 (IM 3651) (IM 3661) (IM 3671)
Flange-mounted motor.
Small flange with
tapped fixing holes.
Code I: IM B 35 IM V 15 IM V 36
Code II: IM 2001 IM 2011 IM 2031 IM 2051 IM 2061 IM 2071
Modified versions
Code I: IM B 34
Code II: IM 2101 IM 2111 IM 2131 IM 2151 IM 2161 IM 2171
Foot-mounted motor:
shaft with free
extensions.
6 ABB Motors
D-end and N-end
According to IEC 34-7, the ends of a motor are defined as
follows: D-end: the end that is normally the drive end of the
motor. N-end: the end that is normally the non-drive end
of the motor.
Direction of rotation
The cooling of the motors is independent of the direction
of rotation, with the exception of some larger 2-pole
motors.
ABB Motors 7
Insulation and insulation classes
According to IEC 85, insulating materials are divided into
insulation classes. Each class has a designation corres- °C
▲
ponding to the temperature that is the upper limit of the 180
range of application of the insulating material under nor- 15
mal operating conditions.
155
10
The winding insulation of a motor is determined on the 130
Hotspot temperature margin 10
120
basis of the temperature rise in the motor and the ambient
temperature. The insulation is normally dimensioned for 125
the hottest point in the motor at its normal rated output and 105
Permissible temperature rise 80
at ambient temperature of 40 oC. Motors subjected to
ambient temperatures above 40 oC will generally have to
be derated. 40
In most cases, the standard rated outputs of motors from Maximum ambient temperature 40 40 40
▲
tion class B. Where the temperature rise is according to
Insulation class B F H
class F, this is specified in the data tables. Maximum winding temperature 130 155 180
Terminal markings
IEC 34-8 lays down that the stator winding, its parts and winding are indicated by a digit after the letter, e.g. U1, U2
the terminals of AC motors, must be designated with etc. Parts of the same winding are designated by a digit
letters U, V and W. External neutral terminals are before the letter, e.g. 1U1, 2U1 etc. If there is no possibility
designated N. The letters used for the rotor winding are K, of confusion, the digit before the letter, or both, may be
L, M and Q. End points and intermediate points of a omitted.
∆ -connection Y-connection
8 ABB Motors
Connection of two-speed motors
Two-speed motors are normally connected as shown ∆/Y connected. Motors with one winding, Dahlander-
below; direction of rotation as shown on page 7. Motors of connection, are connected ∆/YY when they are designed
normal design have six terminals and one earth terminal for constant torque drives. For fan drive the connection is
in the terminal box. Motors with two separate windings are Y/YY.
normally ∆/∆-connected. They can also be Y/Y, Y/∆ or A connection diagram is supplied with every motor.
1. Two separatate
windings Y/Y
2. Two separate
windings /
ABB Motors 9
Symbols and units
1 kW = 1.34 hp
1 Nm = 0.102 kpm
J = 1/4 GD2 kgm2
Power factor
The power factor is determined by measuring the input
power, voltage and current at the rated output. The table
values are subject to a standard tolerance of
10 ABB Motors
Voltage and frequency Torque
The table values for output, speed, efficiency, power The maximum torque and the overload capacity, at rated
factor, starting torque and starting current apply at the voltage and rated frequency, is at least 160 % of the rated
rated voltage and frequency. These values will be affected torque. The data tables state the maximum torque of each
if the supply voltage or frequency deviate from the rated motor variant. If a higher maximum torque is required, a
values. larger motor should be chosen.
The motors can operate continuously at the rated output, If the mains voltage deviates from the rated voltage of the
with a long-term voltage deviation of 5 % from the speci- motor, the torque of the motor will vary, approximately in
fied value or range of values, and at the rated frequency. proportion to the square of the voltage. It is therefore vital
The temperature rise may increase by 10 K. Voltage that the cables supplying the motor are dimensioned
deviations of up to 10 % are permissible for short periods generously, to ensure that there is no significant voltage
only. drop during starting or when the motor is running.
9550 • P
Torque T = Nm
Starting current n
T = torque, Nm
The standard tolerance on the table values for starting P = output power, kW
current is + 20 % of the current (no lower limit). n = motor speed, r/min
Speed, slip The standard tolerance of the table values for starting
torque is -15 to +25 %.
The standard tolerance on the table values for maximum
The speed of motors applies at the rated output and
operating temperature. The standard tolerance on the slip torque is -10 %.
is 20 % of the guaranteed slip. With regard to overspeed,
the normal testing speed is 120 % of rated speed for 2
minutes.
s = slip
ns = synchronous speed
n = operating speed
Efficiency
The efficiency at rated output, rated voltage and rated
frequency is determined on the basis of bearing and
friction losses, iron losses, resistance losses and stray
losses (summation of losses).
- 15 % (1 - η) when P2 50 kW
- 10 % (1 - η) when P2 > 50 kw.
ABB Motors 11
Typical motor current and torque curves
TM - motor torque
TM∆ - motor torque with
direct-on-line starting
TMY - motor torque with star-
DOL-starting
delta starting
TL - load torque
TL0 - load breakaway torque
TN - rated motor torque
Ts - breakaway torque or locked
rotor torque
Tmin - pull-up torque
Tmax - breakdown torque or
pull-out torque
Tacc - accelerating torque
I - current
IN - rated current
I∆ - current in -connection YD-starting
IY - current in Y-connection
n - speed
ns - synchronous speed.
12 ABB Motors
Electrical design
Starting of motors
Direct-On-Line starting (D.O.L.)
The simplest way to start a squirrel cage motor is to If only the starting torque and maximum torque of the
connect the mains supply to the motor, directly. In such motor and the nature of the load are known, the starting
cases, the only starting equipment needed will be a direct- time can be approximately calculated with the equation:
on-line (D.O.L.) starter. The starting current is high with K1
this method, so it has its limitations. This is, however, the tst = (JM + JL) •
Tacc
preferred method, if there are no special reasons for
avoiding it. where tst = starting time,
Tacc = acceleration torque as per diagrams, Nm
Y/∆-starting K1 = as per table below:
If it is necessary to restrict the starting current of a motor
due to supply limitations, it is possible to employ star/delta
Speed Poles Frequency
starting, e.g. a motor wound 380 V is started with the
Constant 2 4 6 8 10 Hz
winding Y connected. By this method the starting current
will be reduced to about 30 % of the value for direct nM 3000 1500 1000 750 600
start and the starting torque will be reduced to about 50
K1 345 157 104 78 62
25 % of the D.O.L. value.
nM 3600 1800 1200 900 720
60
However, it must be determined whether the reduced K1 415 188 125 94 75
motor torque is sufficient to accelerate the load over the
whole speed range.
dω J'L = JL • nL
T – TL = (JM + JL) • nM
dt
ABB Motors 13
Example of starting performance with different load
torques
4-pole motor, 160 kW, 1475 r/min Moment of inertia of load:
nM
Torque of motor: JL = 80 kgm2 at nL = r/min
TN = 1040 Nm, 2
1
Ts = 1,7 • 1040 = 1768 Nm, J'L = 80 • 2 = 20 kgm2 at nM r/min
Tmax = 2,8 • 1040 = 2912 Nm
Example 1: Example 3:
Torque Torque
Lift motion Fan
TL
TL
Speed Speed
TL = 1600 Nm '
T L = 800 Nm TL = 1600 Nm T'L = 800 Nm
Speed Speed
Tacc = 0,45 • (Ts + Tmax) – 1 • T'L Tacc = 0,45 • (1768 + 2912) = 2106 Nm
2
1 K1
Tacc = 0.45 • (1768 + 2912) – • 800 = 1706 Nm tst = (JM + J'L) •
2 Tacc
K1 157
tst = (JM + J'L) • tst = 22,5 • = 1,7 s
Tacc 2106
157
tst = 22,5 • = 2,1 s
1706
14 ABB Motors
Torque on voltage deviation
Almost without exception, the starting current decreases torque delivered at 90% of rated voltage is therefore only
slightly more than proportionately to the voltage. Thus, at 75 to 79% of the starting torque. Particular attention
90% of rated voltage the motor will draw slightly less than should be paid to these points if the electrical supply is
90% of the starting current, say 87 to 89%. The starting weak and when starting techniques based on current
torque is proportional to the square of the current. The reduction are being used. The maximum torque is roughly
proportional to the square of the voltage.
Number of poles
Motor size Starting method 2 4 6 8
63 D.O.L.-starting 25 40 40
71 D.O.L.-starting 20 20 40 40
80 D.O.L.-starting 15 20 40 40
90 D.O.L.-starting 10 20 35 40
100 D.O.L.-starting 10 15 30 40
112 D.O.L.-starting 20 15 25 50
Y/∆-starting 60 45 75 150
132 D.O.L.-starting 15 10 10 20
Y/∆-starting 45 30 30 60
160 D.O.L.-starting 15 15 20 20
Y/∆ starting 45 45 60 60
180 D.O.L.-starting 15 15 20 20
Y/∆-starting 45 45 60 60
200 D.O.L.-starting 15 15 20 20
Y/∆-starting 45 45 60 60
225 D.O.L.-starting 15 15 20 20
Y/∆-starting 45 45 60 60
250 D.O.L.-starting 15 15 20 20
Y/∆-starting 45 45 60 60
280 D.O.L.-starting 15 18 17 15
Y/∆-starting 45 54 51 45
315 D.O.L.-starting 15 18 16 12
Y/∆-starting 45 54 48 36
355 D.O.L.-starting 15 20 18 30
Y/∆ starting 45 60 54 90
400 D.O.L.-starting 15 20 18 30
Y/∆-starting 45 60 54 90
ABB Motors 15
Permitted frequency of starting and reversing
When a motor is subjected to frequent starting, it cannot be The limit imposed by mechanical stresses may be below
loaded at its rated output because of thermal starting that imposed by thermal factors. The formula below may
losses in the windings. The permissible output power can be used to calculate the permitted output at moderate
be calculated on the basis of the number of starts per hour, frequency of starting, or for a high frequency of starting
the moment of inertia of the load and the speed of the load. over limited periods.
PN = rated output of motor in continuous duty J'L = moment of inertia of load in kgm2, recalculated for
J + J'1 the motor shaft, i.e. multiplied by (load speed/
m =x• M motor speed)2. The moment of inertia J (kgm2) is
JM
equal to 1/4 GD2 in kpm2.
x = number of starts per hour
mo = highest permitted number of starts per hour for
JM = moment of inertia of motor in kgm2
motor at no load, as stated in the table below.
Number of poles
Motor size 2 4 6 8
63B 11200 8700 – 17500
71 – – 16800 –
71A 9100 8400 16800 15700
71B 7300 8000 16800 15700
80A 5900 8000 16800 11500
80B 4900 8000 16800 11500
90S 4200 7700 15000 11500
90L 3500 7000 12200 11500
100 L 2800 – 8400 –
100 LA – 5200 – 11500
100 LB – 4500 – 9400
112 M 1700 6000 9900 16000
132S (S, M) 1700 2900 4500 6600
160 MA 650 – – 5000
160 M 650 1500 2750 5000
160 L 575 1500 2750 4900
180 M 400 1100 – –
180 L – 1100 1950 3500
200 LA 385 – 1900 –
200 L 385 1000 1800 3400
225 S – 900 – 2350
225 M 300 900 1250 2350
250 M 300 900 1250 2350
280 125 375 500 750
315 75 250 375 500
355 50 175 250 350
400 50 175 250 350
16 ABB Motors
Soft starters
The main circuit of the ABB soft starter is controlled by Comparison between starting methods
semiconductors instead of mechanical contacts. Each
phase is provided with two antiparallel connected thyris- Current
tors which allows current to be switched at any point within
both positive and negative half cycles.
Time
1 = Direct-On-Line starter
2 = Y/ -starter
3 = Start with soft starter
Height above sea level, m 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Permitted output,
% of rated output 100 96 92 88 84 80 76
ABB Motors 17
Motors for 60 Hz operation
Motors wound for a certain voltage at 50 Hz can be
operated at 60 Hz, without modification, subject to the
following changes in their data.
18 ABB Motors
Duty types
The duty types are indicated by the symbols S1...S9 In the absence of any indication of the rated duty type,
according to IEC 34-1 and VDE 0530 Part 1. The outputs continuous running duty is assumed when considering
given in the tables are based on continuous running duty, motor operation.
S1, with rated output.
S1
Continuous running duty
Operation at constant load of sufficient duration for thermal
equilibrium to be reached.
Designation: S1
Time
S2
Short-time duty
Operation at constant load during a given time, less than
that required to reach thermal equilibrium, followed by a
rest and de-energized period of sufficient duration to allow
motor temperatureto return to the ambient or cooling
temperature. The values 10, 30, 60 and 90 minutes are
recommended for the rated duration of the duty cycle.
Time
Designation e.g. S2 60 min.
S3
Intermittent duty
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each including a
period of operation at constant load and a rest and de-
energized period. The duty cycle is too short for thermal
equilibrium to be reached. The starting current does not
significantly affect the temperature rise.
Recommended values for the cyclic duration factor are
15, 25, 40 and 60 %. The duration of one duty cycle is
10 min. One duty cycle Time
Designation e.g. S3 25 %.
N
Cyclic duration factor = x 100%
N+R P = output power
D = acceleration
N = operation under rated condition
F = electrical braking
V = operation of no load
ABB Motors R = at rest and de-energized 19
PN = full load
S4
Intermittent duty with starting
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle including
a significant period of starting, a period of operation at
constant load and a rest and de-energized period.
The cycle time is too short for thermal equilibrium to be One duty cycle
reached.
In this duty type the motor is brought to rest by the load or
by mechanical braking which does not thermally load the
motor.
The following parameters are required to fully define the
duty type: the cyclic duration factor, the number of duty Time
cycles per hour (c/h), the moment of inertia of the load
JLOAD and the moment of inertia of the motor JM.
D+N
Cyclic duration factor = x 100%
D+N+R
S5
Intermittent duty with starting and
electrical braking
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle consisting
of a significant starting period, a period of operation at One duty cycle
constant load, a period of rapid electric braking and a rest
and de-energized period.
The duty cycles are too short for thermal equilibrium to be
reached.
Time
The following parameters are required to fully define the
duty type:the cyclic duration factor; the number of duty
cycles per hour (c/h) the moment of inertia of the load JL,
and the moment of inertia of the motor JM .
D+N+F
Cyclic duration factor = x 100%
D+N+F+R
S6
Continuous-operation periodic duty
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle consisting
of a period at constant load and a period of operation at no-
load. The duty cycles are too short for thermal equilibrium One duty cycle
to be reached.
Recommended values for the cyclic duration factor are
15, 25, 40 and 60 %. The duration of the duty cycle is
10 min.
Designation e.g. S6 40 %. Time
N
Cyclic duration factor = x 100%
N+V
20 ABB Motors
S7
Continuous-operation periodic duty
with electrical braking
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle consisting
of a period of starting, a period of operation at constant
load and a period of braking. The braking method is One duty cycle
electrical braking e.g. counter-current braking. The duty
cycles are too short for thermal equilibrium to be reached.
The following parameters are required to fully define the Time
duty type: the number of duty cycles per hour c/h, the
moment of inertia of the load JL, and the moment of inertia
of the motor JM .
Designation e.g. S7 500 c/h JL = 0.08 kgm2 JM = 0,08 kgm2
S8
Continuous-operation periodic duty
with related load speed changes
A sequence of identical duty cycles, each cycle consisting
of a starting period, a period of operation at constant load
corresponding to a predetermined speed, followed by one
or more periods of operation at other constant loads One duty cycle
corresponding to different speeds. There is no rest and de-
energized period.
The duty cycles are too short for thermal equilibrium to be
reached. This duty type is used for example by pole Time
changing motors.
The following parameters are required to fully define the
duty type: the number of duty cycles per hour c/h, the
moment of inertia of the load JL, the moment of inertia of
the motor JM , and the load, speed and cyclic duration
factor for each speed of operation
Designation e.g. S8 30 c/h JL = 63.8 kgm2 JM = 2,2 kgm2
24 kW 740 r/min 30%
60 kW 1460 r/min 30%
45 kW 980 r/min 40%
D+N1
Cyclic duration factor 1 = D+N1+F1+N2+N3 x 100%
F1+N2
Cyclic duration factor 2 = D+N1+F1+N2+F2+N3 x 100%
F2+N3
Cyclic duration factor 3 = D+N1+F1+N2+F2+N3 x 100%
S9
Duty with non-periodic load and speed
variations
A duty in which, generally, load and speed are varying
non-periodically within the permissible operating range.
This duty includes frequently applied overloads that
Time
may greatly exceed the full loads. For this duty type,
suitable full load values should be taken as the basis of the
overload concept.
ABB Motors 21
Efficiency and power factor
The efficiency and power factor cosϕ values for the rated The following values are typical values. Guaranteed values
output are listed in the technical data tables in the product are available on request.
catalogue.
Efficiency η (%)
2 - 4 poles 6 - 12 poles
1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25
x PN x PN x PN x PN x PN x PN x PN x PN x PN x PN
97 97 97 96 92 97 97 97 95 92
96 96 96 95 91 96 96 96 94 91
95 95 95 94 90 95 95 95 93 90
94 94 94 93 89 94 94 94 92 89
93 93 93 92 88 93 93 93 91 88
92 92 92 91 87 92 92 92 90 86
91 91 91 90 86 91 91 91 89 85
89 90 90 89 95 90 90 90 88 84
88 89 89 88 84 89 89 89 87 83
87 88 88 87 83 88 88 88 86 82
86 87 87 86 82 87 87 87 84 80
86 86 86 85 80 86 86 86 83 78
83 85 86 85 79 85 85 85 82 76
82 84 85 84 78 84 84 84 81 75
81 83 84 83 76 83 83 84 80 74
80 82 83 82 74 81 82 82 78 72
79 81 82 81 73 80 81 81 77 70
77 80 81 79 71 79 80 80 76 68
76 79 80 78 69 78 79 80 75 67
75 78 79 76 67 77 78 78 74 66
74 77 78 75 65 76 77 77 73 64
73 76 77 74 63 75 76 76 72 64
72 75 76 72 61 74 75 75 71 62
71 74 75 71 60 73 74 74 70 62
70 73 74 70 59 72 73 73 69 60
69 72 73 69 57 70 72 71 67 58
68 71 72 68 56 69 71 70 66 56
67 70 71 67 54 68 70 69 65 56
22 ABB Motors
Typical power factor cosϕ at start
Motor 2 poles 4 poles 6 poles 8 poles
size
63 0.91 0.89 - -
71 0.9 0.92 0.82 -
80 0.85 0.87 0.82 0.8
90 0.79 0.8 0.78 0.79
100 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.7
112 0.7 0.6 0.65 0.6
132 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6
160 0.5 0.55 0.55 0.55
180 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
200 0.45 0.5 0.45 0.4
225 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.46
250 0.39 0.42 0.47 0.48
280 0.35 0.45 0.45 0.33
315 0.36 0.40 0.39 0.30
355 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.30
400 0.17 0.20 0.22 0.25
ABB Motors 23
Frequency converter drives
When using a squirrel cage motor with a frequency vibration, and noise of the motors. Different converters
converter the following points must be taken into account, with varying modulation and switching frequencies give
in addition to the general selection criteria: deviating performances for the same motor. The curves
shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 can be used as a guideline for
1. Always check selecting the motor.
– Motor and converter loadability for the actual
application The guidelines present the maximum continuous load
– Insulation level of the motor torque for a TEFC motor as function of frequency giving
– Earthing and grounding arrangements of the motor, the same temperature rise as rated sine voltage and
driven machinery and possible tachometer. frequency with rated full load (normally B-class tempera-
ture rise). Please note that the frequency converter app-
2. At high speeds special attention should be paid to: lication in critical conditions may require a special rotor
– Bearing construction design in frame sizes 355 and 400.
– Lubrication
– Fan noise
– Balancing Insulation level
– Critical speeds
– Shaft seals If the rated supply voltage is 500 V or less and you are
– Maximum torque of the motor. using an ACS 200 or ACS 500 or any other converter with
IGBT-power components, no special check of the motor
3. At low speeds the following should be noted: insulation level is necessary. But if any other converter
– Bearing lubrication type, with GTO- or GTR-power components supply, is
– Motor cooling used at 500 V or 575 V, check the cable length between
– Electromagnetic noise. the converter and motor and use the insulation level
guideline (available on request) to obtain the correct
motor insulation. For voltages between 660 - 690 V we
Guidelines for motor selection recommend a reinforced motor insulation because of the
high voltage peaks.
The voltage (or current) fed by the converter is not pure-
ly sinusoidal, which, as a result, may increase the losses,
Figure 1.
24 ABB Motors
Figure 2.
MOTOR LOADABILITY WITH ACD 501 and ACS 200
Figure 3.
ABB Motors 25
Earthing arrangements Separate cooling
Correct earthing of the motor, driven equipment and A separate cooling system may be necessary at low
tachometer is very important to avoid bearing currents speeds (see dotted line in the guideline curves).
and bearing damages. We recommend that an earthing
lead (as a matter of fact an equalising lead) is always used Noise
between the motor frame and the driven machinery frame.
This lead equalises the potential of both machines, thus
A separate cooling fan may also help in electromagnetic
preventing any currents from going through the bearings
noise problems by ”damping” the pure tones which one
of both machines.
can hear in different modulation points. The
electromagnetic noise is very much dependent on the
Note that with high switching frequency there is a high
converter type (modulation, switching frequency etc) and
capacitive connection between the motor winding and the
on the construction and pole number of the motor.
stator core. No additional earthing current paths with the
tachometer lead should be made.
Dimensioning the drive
High speed operation
1. General selection criteria:
– Supply network voltage
In a frequency converter drive the actual speed of the
– Load torque type (constant, pump, decreasing)
motor may deviate considerably from its rated speed
– Speed range
(rating plate speed). For higher speeds, ensure that the
– Special need for high starting torque
highest permissible speed of the motor type – or the
– Special needs for environment etc.
critical speed of the entire equipment – is not exceeded.
The permissible maximum speeds for standard motors
2. Select a motor so that
(the basic motor) according to frame sizes are as follows:
– The actual load torque is totally below the guideline
(Note you must know what kind of conventer you are
63 - 100 6000 r/min
going to use!) If the operation is not continuous in all
112 - 200 4500 -"- speed range duty points, the load torque curve may
225 - 280 3600 –"– exeed the guideline but this case requires special
315 2-pole 3600 –"– dimensioning.
315 others 3000 –"– – The maximum torque of the motor is at least 40 % higher
355, 400 2-pole 3600 –"– than the load torque at any frequency.
355, 400 others 2500 –"– – The maximum permissible speed of the motor is not
exeeded.
At high speeds bearing lubrication, ventilation noise Check if a separate cooling system reduces the motor size
suppression and rubbing shaft seals will require special and consequently the converter size.
attention. High speed grease, separate cooling fan and
labyrinth shaft seals may be necessary in difficult cases. 3. Select the right converter
Note that special high speed motors are available which – according to the motor nominal power Pn. Check also
can cover much higher speed ranges than above. that the rated current of the converter is equal or greater
than that of the selected motor. Check that the torque
Low speed operation ratio of the motor is Tmax/Tn 2.9. If not, you need
additional information for selection of the converter, or
At very low speeds the lack of cooling of a standard motor take the next, higher rated converter
and the change in the distribution of the losses, affect the – Check that high starting torque requirements can be
motor temperature balance increasing the temperature of realized.
bearings. The effectiveness of the motor lubrication should
be checked by measuring the surface temperature of Computer disks containing information about the dimen-
bearing endshield during normal operating conditions. If sioning of frequency converters are available from ABB
the measured value is +80°C or higher depending on the Industry.
type of grease, the relubrication intervals specified in our
maintenance instructions must be shortened; i.e. the
relubrication interval should be halved for every 15°C
increase in bearing temperature. If this is not possible we
recommend the use of lubricants for high operating
temperature and with very low speeds the use of EP-
grease alternatives.
26 ABB Motors
Mechanical design
Protection against corrosion
Special attention has been paid to the finish of ABB's 3,25. It is also designated NCS 4822B05G.The standard
motors. Screws, steel-, aluminium alloy as well as cast paint finish is moisture and tropic proof in accordance with
iron parts are treated by a method appropriate to each DIN 50016. It is suitable for outdoor installations, including
material, thus giving reliable anti-corrosion protection chemical works. Specific details of paint types are given in
under the most severe environmental conditions. the respective product catalogues.
The colour of the paint is blue, Munsel colour code: 8B 4,5/
Drain holes
Totally-enclosed motors that will be operated in very holes face downwards. In the case of vertical mounting,
humid or wet environments, and especially under intermit- the upper plug must be hammered home completely. In
tent duty, should be provided with drain holes. The very dusty environments, both plugs should be hammered
appropriate IM designation, such as IM 3031, is specified, home.
on the basis of the method of motor mounting.
Closed
In the basic design, sizes 63 to 100 (in aluminium) and 71
to 132 (in cast iron) are supplied without drain holes,
although this can be provided as needed. If holes are
drilled, the degree of protection will change to IP 54. If the
motors are provided with special felt plugs, the IP 55 will
Open Open Closed
be retained. Larger sizes are provided with closable
plastic plugs in the drain holes. The plugs will be open, on
delivery. When mounting the motors, ensure that the drain
Stator winding
Motor stators are wound with enamel wire and the winding winding satisfies insulation class F and is mechanically
is then impregnated with polyester or epoxy resin. The strong, moisture and tropic proof.
Rotor winding
The rotor cages are normally cast aluminium. In some special applications, such as frequency converter drives.
larger cast iron motor sizes, copper bars are used for
Terminal box
The standard terminal box is located on top of the motor; entry from either side which gives a choice of connection
the degree of protection is IP 55. Higher protection is possibilities.
available on request. In some types of motors, the terminal
box can also be on either of the sides. Standard terminal boxes are suitable for Cu-cables. For
Al-cable connection, please see the product catalogues.
The terminal box is either rotatable or at least allows cable
ABB Motors 27
Bearings
The motors are normally fitted with single-row deep groove When there are high axial forces, angular-contact ball
ball bearings. The complete bearing designation is stated bearings should be used. This version is available on
on the rating plate of most of the motor types. request. When a motor with angular-contact ball bearings
is ordered, the method of mounting and direction and
If the bearing in the D-end of the motor is replaced with a magnitude of the axial force must be specified.
roller bearing NU- or NJ-, higher radial forces can be
handled. Roller bearings are especially suitable for belt For specific details about bearings, please see the
drive applications. respective product catalogues.
Transport locking
Motors that have roller bearings or angular-contact ball of transport locked bearing, the motor is provided with a
bearings are fitted with a transport lock before despatch to warning sign.
prevent damage to the bearings during transport. In case
Locking may also be fitted in other cases where transport
conditions are suspected of being injurious.
Lubrication
Smaller motors generally have bearings lubricated for life. The lubrication intervals and grease quantity are stated in
Larger motor sizes usually have grease valves for the maintenance instruction which comes with the motor.
lubrication in service.
For details of lubrication requirements, please see the
respective product catalogues.
Bearing life
The normal life L10 of a bearing is defined, according to series under certain specified conditions. 50 % of the
ISO, as the number of operating hours achieved or bearings achieve at least five times this figure. Please see
exceeded by 90 % of identical bearings in a large test the product catalogues.
Balancing
The rotor is dynamically balanced with a full-sized key in mountings. The requirements apply over the measuring
the shaft extension. For vibration, the standard motors range 10 to 1000 Hz.
satisfy IEC 34-14 and ISO 2373 grade N. Grade R and S
to ISO 2373 are also available on request. On the delivery the motors will be marked with the method
of balancing.
The vibration is expressed in mm/s, rms, and shall be
measured under no load with the motor on elastic H = half key, F = full key.
ABB Motors 29
ABB Motors product range
Motor type/application IEC frame sizes Output
- aluminium, steel and cast iron frames available - special variable speed AC drives
- LV motors up to 1000 V - high speed (over 3000 r/min)
- standard versions of all types kept in stock - traction and wind mill
- our supplies can also include - roller table and mining
bigger LV and HV motors - water cooled
- vertical hollow shaft
- fire venting
- stator/rotor units
ABB Motors
Marketing Communications
P.O.Box 633
FIN-65101 Vaasa
tel. +358 10 22 4000
fax + 358 10 224 7372
30 ABB Motors
The Leader in Motors
ABB Group is the world's leading electrical engineering company supplying expertise and products for
electric power generation, transmission, and distribution as well as industrial and rail transportation markets.
ABB supplies a full range of industrial electric motors, both AC and DC, LV and HV meeting the needs of
most applications, with virtually any power rating.
Within the Group, ABB Motors is the world’s leading manufacturer of low-voltage induction motors, having
over 100 years experience and a presence in more than 140 countries. ABB Motors' broad understanding of
customer applications enables it to work closely to solve individual problems or to supply custom-designed
motors for any project - no matter how demanding.
For customers, this all represents a solid value and commitment revealed in the dependable quality of ABB
Motors' products and in its unrivalled customer service and back up. The hallmarks of its products are
efficiency, robustness and reliability, combined to represent the best value available. Customers the world
over rely on ABB Motors as the most solid and reliable supplier of electric motors. But above all, ABB
Motors values its customers.
The best value is also enhanced by ABB Motors' worldwide customer service network guaranteeing fast
delivery, rapid response and local back-up, as well as by worldwide ABB Service network supporting the
after sales service.
ABB Motors' manufacturing facilities are located in Denmark, Finland, Germany, Spain, Sweden, India and
Mexico. The comprehensive motor stocks at each of these sites are reinforced by large and versatile stocks
at Central Stock Europe in Sümmern, Germany, Central Stock Asia in Singapore, and by numerous
distribution stocks.
ABB Motors 31
ABB Motors
Manufacturing sites (*) and some of the biggest sales companies.
ABB Motors
Business Area Marketing Communications
P.O.Box 633
FIN-65101 Vaasa Finland
tel. +358 10 22 4000
fax +358 10 224 7372 Catalogue BA/Basic GB 95-06
32 ABB Motors