English Tenses 1969 Ocr PDF
English Tenses 1969 Ocr PDF
English Tenses 1969 Ocr PDF
ENGLISH TENSES
(The Active Voice)
Tartu 1969
TARTU STATE UNIVERSITY
Department of English
E N G L I S H T E N S E S
A Programmed Course
by
a Li i V
T a r t u 1 9 6 9
wtmamf* p
KUSTUB ^ Tartu Olikoc
RA Ал .ATI"К
aow
/
Contents
Page
Exercises "
Sources Used
- 3 -
• Note to the Student
- 4 -
which have neither blank spaces to fill in, nor a selection
of possible answers. Here you must determine the correct
answer on your own.
Whenever you are puzzled for the correct answer to a
frame, or are unable to do an exercise, re-read the frame
very carefully. Many of the frames contain clues that
guide you to the right answer. You are not likely to
make mistakes very often. When you do, look back a few
frames. Whenever you are in difficulty, consult your
teacher.
Take as much time as you need in figuring out your
answer. But once you write your answer, lose no time in
checking whether you are correct. The quicker you check
your answer, the better you learn.
It is advisable to go through the course in the or
der in which it has been presented, although each unit
comprises a separate tense, which will enable you to make
your own choice of the tense you want to study. But even
if you prefer your own order of studying the material, it
would still be useful to read Units 1 and 2 first because
they will give you a general idea of the system of the
course and introduce some grammar symbols which may be
new to you.
H. Liiv
UNIT 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Both the past and the past participle of the verb work
end with two letters
-ed.
regular
3. There are about 200 irregular verbs in English. A
verb is called irregular when its past and past parti
ciple forms are not formed by adding -ed.
- 6 -
write
4. Do Exercises 1 and 2 (Unit 1) on pages 77, 78.
1. He is absent today.
2. He was absent yesterday.
3. He will be absent tomorrow.
finite
7. Tom writes every day. Jane is writing now. Peter has
written two exercises. In the finite form the verb has
the function of the predicate in the sentence.
Point out the predicate in the following sentences,
a. I shall do it tomorrow, b. We live in Tartu.
c. They are studying grammar now.
-7-
buses
student, worker
\
10. In the study of grammar, "singular" and "plural" are
called "number".
The sun rises in the east.
What is the number of the noun in the sentence
above?
singular
singular
12. Verbs have three persons: the first, the second and
the third.
Singular Plural
1. I work we work
2, you work you work
three, three
14. Both the indefinite and perfect tenses have two as
pects: the common aspect and the continuous aspect.
Common Aspect
Continuous Aspect
16. Sentence a
1 . 1 work we work
2. you work you work
f he)
3.{she } works /в/ they work
I it )
- 10 -
think, thinks
18. The only personal ending of the Biglish verb is the
ending -s(-es) in the third person singular* work -
he works, take — she takers, etc.
What is the third person singular of the verbs
"talk* and "write"?
singular
21. They walk slowly. The children walk slowly.
Verbs do not add the ending -s or -es when the subject
is I, you, we, they or a plural noun.
- 11 -
plural
24. Remember:
go + es = goes /gouz/ I go - he goes
do + es s does /dAz/ I do - he does
- 12
26. Consonant • y —» consonant + 1 + es
27. Vowels: a, e, i, o, u
- 13 -
Workers work.
The boys like football.
This girl studies Biglish.
My friend gets up at seven.
He plays tennis.
(D)H + Vpj, + I
(D)N + Vpj. I- X
I
- 14 -
I do not get up at 7-
32.
(D)H + * X *-neg (D)N + (do X not • V • X
I does/
* - 15 -
X
1
a. do b. does
a. live b. study
- 16
a yes/no question
39.
(D)N > Vpr + X -q Do ]
+ (D)N + V • X?
DoesJ
- 17 -
3.
Note. T _ of statements containing the verb "be" in tf*
—q
Present Indefinite Tense will correspond to the
fbl
formula IS , * (D)N * I ?
(Arej
When
41. Most question words begin with the letters wh-. That
is why these questions are called wh- questions. How
ever, not all question words begin with the letters
wh-. What is the question word in "How do you spell
your name?"
How
42.
Wh- questions beginning with why, when, whex'e. what.
which, who, whose, how, etc. cannot be answered by
Yes or No but only by some bit of information.
- 18 -
43. Wh~ questions can refer to any part of the sentence -
the subject, the predicate, the object, the attribute
or the adverbial modifier.
John
44, If the question refers to the subject or its attribute,
the question words who, what, whose and which are used.
The structure of the sentence does not change.
Who
I What + vpr * X ?
(Whose j + B
[Whichj
a. £ live in the country, b. Who lives In the country?
before
Who(m)
What
(do }
II Where + I • V • X?
When Idoesl ,
Why, etc.
- 20 -
singular
work
a. -
always
52. always. usually, often, seldom, never, etc. stand be
fore the verb, but usually follow the forms of the verb
be (am, is, are) and can, may, must, ought:
He always comes to school by bus.
usually
often
- 21 -
seldom
never
c.
bi
55. When a permanently true fact follows an expression
in the Past Indefinite Tense such as "I didn't know
that ..." or "I forgot that ...", etc., the Present
Indefinite Tense must be used to state the permanent
ly true fact.
I forgot that water conalsted of oxygen and
hydrogen. Is the verb consist in the proper
tense? (Yes/No) *
- 22 -
No
56. In this and the following two frames, the first verb
in each sentence is in the Past Indefinite Tense. Un
derline the second verb ertlich is in the proper tense.
Remember that only a permanently true fact should be
expressed in the Present Indefinite Tense.
Copernicus believed that the earth (rotates/rotated)
around the sun.
rotates
57. He made a trip to the Soviet Union, where he (visits/
visited) Leningrad.
visited
58. Benjamin Franklin*s experiment proved that lightning
(is/was) electricity.
is
a.
- 23 -
\
see
61. I shall speak to him when he содеs. (Time)
He will buy it if he has the money. (Condition)
The Pre««nt indefinite Tense is used to express a
future action in adverbial clauses of ti«*» and condi
tion after the conjunctions when, till, until, before.
after, aa soon as.if.etc.
63. b.
- 24 -
What are the present participles of the verbs read,
work: and be?
giving, closing
fleeing
stop + -ing )
forget + -ing j
stopping, forgetting
- 25 -
4.
tying
69. study + -ing —» studying
comply + -ing —> complying
deny • -ing —» denying
A final y is not changed before adding -ing.
70. (d) н +
IEJ+ +1
a. am b. is c. are
- 26 -
action which is in progress at the present time (often
with now, etc.).
b.
fam )
(D)H • is + -ing
V +
are
am
(D)H • is
•-not • v-ing + x
are
- 27 -
71-. Yes/No Questions (T_q)
am )
(D)N -q
• 1 ЙеГ -^g
V + X
Statement
We are studying grammar.
am )
I QW +
are] + V-iQS + X ?
no
76. r are)
II QW + I is + (D)N + -ing + X ?
I sure.
- 29 -
3, 3. He is writing a new novel.
(An action characteristic
of the sub.iect at the
given period.)
79» Walk and walks are the Present Indefinite Tense forms
of the verb "walk"; walked is the Past Indefinite Tense
form. Which of the following is a Past Indefinite
Tense formt
(1) sing. (2) dresses, (3) worked?
(3)
80. Both walked and worked consist of two elements: the
stem (= present or infinitive form) plus the ending
-ed. The ending spelled -ed is one form of what is
called the past morpheme. The past morpheme stands for
whatever is done to a verb to form its past tense.
We form the past tense of the verb work by adding
the ending spelled .
- 30 -
-ed
81. Some verbs form the Past Indefinite Tense by adding the
ending spelled -ed(-d), and some do not. Shouted eeneisbs
of the verb shoat plus the ending -ed« The irregular But
Indefinite Tense saw consists of the verb see plue the
morpheme past. The irregular Past Indefinite Tense
sang consists of the verb sing plus the morpheme .
past
united
sing, past
1. b, 2. b
86. For most of the verbs of Ehglish, the Past Indefinite
form is (the same/different) in singular and plural
(See Frame 85, (b)).
- 31 -
87. the same
Рог all verbs except "be", the finite form in the Past
Indefinite Tense (changes/does not change)
from singular to plural.
want - wanted
love - loved
opened, lived
- 32 -
replied, stayed
(D)N • V_ed + X
X
I arrived yesterday.
John worked last night.
We sang songs yesterday.
The students wrote two exercises last night.
- 33 -
If the negative of "I arrived yesterday1* is "I did not
arrive yesterday", what is the negative of "John
worked last night"?
- 34 -
97* Do Exercise 2 (Unit 4) on page 85.
(D)N + V .+ I
ь Did • (D)Bf + 7 + I ?
I arrived yesterday.
We sang songs yesterday.
lierai » W + * I |.
• ^ed * X 7
no
I
b.
- 36 -
b
a
104. The Past Indefinite is also used to denote habitual
(repeated) actions in the past.
habitual (repeated)
105. would + V
used + to + V
literary
- 37 -
T_neg fa. She ased not to play the piano after dinner,
} [b. She did not use to play the piano after
dinner.
was
109. Do Exercise в (Unit 4) on page 86•
Ф
- 38 -
UNIT 5 THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
a. was b. were
111. was/were are the Past Indefinite forms of the verb be.
They help to form the Past Continuous Tense. Was is
used in the • -- (singular/plural), were is used in the
_______ (singular/plural).
singular, plural
- 39 -
b.
b. "
b.
115. They did not notice what the child was doing.
The definite moment is not fixed if it is understood
from the situation.
In the sentence above the definite moment is .
(fixed/not fixed)
not fixed ф
- 40 -
117. The Negative Transformation (T-дек
_„)
-neg
(»"P] • -log
T + I
(D)N + were \
Î * not * V-ing * 1
-q
(D)N + were) * Uns * 1
I was reading all day long. Was I reading all day long?
We were sleeping at that time. Were we sleeping at that
time?
Do Exercise 3 (Unit 5) on page 67«,
- 41 -
119. Wh- Questions (T^^)
was
™ао )\ + V . + X ?
were j * -ing + A s
II was
QW + • <D>N -ing X Î
were + v
- 42 -
The fact is stated and Both the fact and the mo
past time is indica ment
ted. (1) or period of time (2)
The moment when the when the action was in
action was in progress progress are stated.
is not stated.
- 43 -
ч
121. (p)N • t Vt X
11 tomorrow.
We] shall work every day.
He 1 next month.
She in the afternoon.
It will work every other day.
You in five days.
Thejr soon.
a. shall b. shall
'll—• shall/will
1*11 do it tomorrow.
It*11 be cold in the morning.
The contracted form of both shall and will is 111.
Do Exercise 1 (Unit 6) on page 89.
- 44 -
(D)N'll (shall/will) + V + X
- 45 -
126. The Negative Transformation (T
-дек
-net
(P)N •7+ î
(D)N •
pi1] • =4
(Shall1
+ (D)N + V • X ?
(Will
„ ' X
- 46 -
128. The Use of the Future Indefinite Tense
129.
(should
(D)N + LwoulcL + V + X
I (we) * should • V
He (she, it, you, they) + would + V
I said that
I should do it.
he would do it.
- 47 -
The Future Indefinite in the Past is formed by means
of should/would plus the present form of the verb.
130.
(D)N'd + V + X
'd—> should/would
-neg
W• + Y
+*
should
(P)N + {:would . + not + V + X
- 48 -
we — it.
you , it.
they it.
We were afraid1
I said J
he would be late.
we should get wet.
(b.)
134. '
•11—> shall/will
b.
T-ne.
CD)N • {ЙЙ1) • be • Т-1П6 • X
.
will
Will +
,
+ not
not
f
( w o n 't
» I«11 not
- 50 -
This time tomorrow he will be waiting; for me.
This time tomorrow he will not be watting for me.
shall!
(D)N * -mg
will
jwm1) + w» + * T-lng + * ?
- 51 -
b) when <1 get back. a) by an adverb or
(while I shall be adverbial expres
watching TV). sion.
b) by another action.
- 52 -
к
I (we) + should
He (she, it, you, they) + would
I said that
I should be reading at 7 o'clock,
he would be watching TV when you come
tomorrow.
- 53 -
The Future Continuous in the the Past denotes an action
going on at a definite future moment when that future
is viewed from the past.
a. We knew that you would be reading the whole day.
b. We know that you will be reading at 7 o'clock.
a.
142. «should")
CD>N • (would j + be + V_ mg + X -neg
- 54 -
b. He said that he would help me.
a.
b.
has, have
a. washed
b. has washed
c. have washed
b . c .
- 55 -
b.
a. have b. has
- 56 -
152. ühe Negative Transformation (T_aeg)
have' T
(D)N +
has • 7
-«* 1
• Ö • T-en * 1
{ST] • (w • T-.n • 17
8. - 57 -
£54. The Use of the Present Perfect Tense
a.
155« If a past action or its effect continues into the
present time the (Present Perfect/Present Con
tinuous) Tense is used.
Present Perfect
156, The lecturer spoke for an hour.
This could mean that the lecturer spoke yesterday, last
year, on ten years ago. The action belongs entirely to
the past. To show that the lecturer is still speaking,
we must use the Tense.
Present Perfect
- 58 -
b.
has left
a.
b.
a.
- 59 -
The Past Indefinite The Present Perfect
2. fyesterday.
'today.
last week. this week,
Tom visi- last month. Tom has visi this month,
ted her ,ae+ __e_ ted her ,
J last year« this year,
two days lately.
ago.
this morning.
- 60 -
4. I saw hi и „1uet now. I have never seen him.
often
just
already
seldom
sometimes
hardly ever
-neg
CD)» • {£21 + been + 7-XIlg • I ==>
- 62 -
a. He has not been sleeping... b. They have not been
tidying...
(Havel
+ (D)H + been + 7_Sn_ + X ?
[Has J
b. A '
167. a. I have worked at this problem for months.
b. I have been working at this problem for months.
4 - 63 -
difference is that the former emphasizes a fact and
the latter a process.
a. He has lived here for two years,
b. He has "been living here for two years.
Sentence (a/b.) emphasizes the process.
Ъ.
1. Yes 2. a.
•oepleted
- 64 -
completed
N
ÜHT 12 THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
a.
Yes .
174
' * a. Ben borrowed a book and later returned it.
b. Ben returned the book that he had borrowed.
b.
-q
(D)N + had + V_en + X =»
Had + (D)N + V + X ?
Had he written...?
- 66 -
179- The Use of the Past Perfect Tense
The Fast Perfect denotes an action completed before a
certain moment in the past. The moment may be fixed
a) by stating the time or b) by another past action.
181. The Fast Perfect may denote an action which began be
fore a given past moment, continued up to that moment
and was still going on at that moment.
since
- 67 -
Use scarcely ... when and no sooner ... than instead
of hardly ... when in the example.
185.
(D)N + had + been + V_ing + X
a.
- 69 -
b.
190« a. He said tie had worked for ten years.
b. He said he had been working for ten years.
b.
b.
1 9 2 . Do Exercises 2, 3* 4 (Unit 13) on pages 97, 98.
- 70 -
used as an auxiliary, and the past participle of the
• main verb.
-ne g
(D)N • (äll1) * have • v-en + 1 ==»
fshali)
(D)N + + not + have + V-en
- + X
- 71 -
I shall have finished this book by June. Shall I have
finished
this book by
June?
He will have left when you arrive. till he have
left when
you arrive?
Do Exercise 3 (Unit 14) on page 99.
198. The Future Perfect Tense may also be used for an action
that will begin before a fixed moment in the future,
will continue up to that moment and will be going on
at that moment.
- 72 -
200. When he haa finished, he will let you know.
In adverbial clauses of time and condition beginning
with when, until, till, as soon as. before., after, if,
etc? the Present Perfect is used instead of the Future
Perfect. The Future Indefinite is used in the main
clause.
Do Exercises 5» 6 (Unit 16) on page 100.
201.
(«h • (^°ïad) • tove • v.
He told me that
he would (he'd) have left Tallinn
before we arrived.
I should (I'd) have done my homework
by 5 o'clock.
c.
202. The Negative Transformation (T_neg)
(W • (5o™dd) • • V-en • 1
- 75 -
we should not (shouldn't) have done
our homework by 5 o'clock.
have
203. The Use of.the Future Perfect in the Past
The Future Perfect in the Past is used in object
clauses to express an action a) already completed
before a given future moment viewed from the past or
b) to express an action begun before a given future
moment, when the future moment is viewed from the
past.
a. I knew that they would have gone by five
о»-lock.
b. She told me that by June she would have been
at the seaside for a fortnight.
a.
204. Do Seereise 1 (Unit 15) on page 100.
205.
(D)N + {^i1] + have + been + V-lng + X
a. by 10 o'clock.
b. if he comes at 10 o'clock.
b.
206. The Negative Transformation C^_neg)
- 75 -
In the example the definite moment is expressed by
the word »•
soon
209. Nowadays the Future Perfect Continuous is usually re
placed by the Future Continuous or by the Future Per
fect Tense.
a. 1-8ЬдЦ Ыт. been raadiflfi) for „.и an hour when
I shall be reading J you come.
210.
C1»* • (woSldd) + have * been + V-ing + X
He told me that
by Saturday he would have been working
at the factory for five days.
b.
211. The Negative Transformation (T-peg
___)
He told me that
by Saturday he would not have been work-
- 76 -
lag at the factory for five days yet.
In this sentence-structure the negative particle not
is placed between shouldCwould) and .
have „
The End
ИХ toCISBS
UNIT 1
Exercise 1
- 77 -
7. did done
8. lay laid
9. lie lay
10. pay paid
11. know known
12. saw seen
15. swim sWam
14. understand understood
15. thought thought
Exercise 2
UNIT 2
Seereise 1
Kfrrercise P
- 78 -
1. I speak English well. 2. I drink milk for dinner
3. I have many friends. 4. I write many letters.
5- I dress slowly. 6. I watch TV very often.
Exercise 3
Verb • s /в/
V + s /а/
V * es /z/
does /dAz/
goes /gouz/
V + s /iz/
Exercise 4
- 79 -
Brereise 5
Exercise 6
Exercise 7
Exercise 8
Transform the following sentences into the negative. Use
"often" instead of "seldom".
Model. We seldom play volleyball. We don't often play
volleyball.
He seldom goes home for lunch. He doesn't often
go home for lunch.
- 80 -
1. My father seldom smokes before breakfast, 2. I
seldom wear a hat in spring. 3. John seldom helps his
younger brother. 4. They seldom write letters to their
friends.
Exercise g
5®ï2â5£
the formula
Exercise 10
Exercise 11
Make the sentences in Exercise 10 interrogative-negative.
Exercise 12
Tr^nflform the following sentences into wh- questions. Be-
gin each question with the question word which appears in
brackets after the sentence.
Model. He lives in Narva Street. (Where) Z
Where does he live?
Our lessons begin at 9 o'clock. (What time)
- 81 -
What time do our lessons begin?
Exercise 13
Exercise 14
Exercise 15
Put in the adverbs given in brackets.
UNIT 3
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
- 83 -
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Open the brackets using the Present Indefinite or the Present
Continuous Tense.
Model. The butcher (sell) meat every day.
The butcher sells meat every day.
The children (learn) English now.
The children are learning English now.
- 84 -
every night, 7. Helen (read) a story and Tom (listen) to it..
8, Our dog often (bark) at night. 9# I (water) the garden
today, but usually mother (do) it.
mm? 4
Exercise 1
Change the tense of the verb into the Past Indefinite and
the time expression from "every day" to "last night".
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exorcise 4
Transform the following sentences into wh- questions. Begin
each question with the question word which appears in brackets
after the sentence. Observe Formula II in Frame 100.
1. He left for school at 7:30. (What time) 2. I saw h i m
- this morning. (When) 3. He bought this book in Birch Street.
- 85 -
(Where) 4. He paid two roubles for it. (How much) 5. They
came to school by bus. (How) 6. She lived in England for 2
years. (How long) 7. He said that he was busy. (What)
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Exercise 7
+ to + V + X .
Exercise 8
Translate into English using the Fast Indefinite Tense.
- 86 -
шгст 5
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
- 87 -
Exercise 5 '
Exercise 6
Exercise 7
Translate 'into English using the Past Indefinite or Paat
Continuous Tense.
- 88 - v
lit selga kui ta saabus. 5« Ta mSrkas mind, kui ma olin
majja sisenemas. 6. Mida sa tegid eile kogu pSeva?
UNIT 6
Brerclse 1
Seereise 2
Exercise 3
Use be going to with the verb in brackets.
- 89 -
12.
Exercise 4
Use the Present Continuous Tense to express a future action,
Exercise p
Exercise 6 ч
Transform the following sentences into the negative.
Exercise 7
Transform the sentences of the previous exercise into yes/
no questions.
Exercise 8
ф-пяпаТя-ьа in-hn TBnyUab ч«нг.у -feha ffnture Indefinite Tense.
UNIT 7
Exercise 1
UNIT 8
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Transform the sentences of the previous exercise into yeя/
no questions.
Exercise 3
Use the Future Continuous Tense Instead of be gn-ir^ '+•*
4
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Put the verb in brackets into the Present Indefinite. Future
Indefinite or Future Continuous Tense.
- 92 -
tomorrow, I (go) skiing, 5« Don't be angry if I (not be)
at the theatre when you (come).
ÜITCP 9
Brerсise 1
Ш1Т 10
Вкеreise 1
Supply the Present Perfect Tense of the verb in brackets.
Then go through the exercise again, using the contracted
forms.
1, He (visit) us many times. 2. She ______
(finish) that exercise. 3. I (see) that museum.
He (bring) the papers. 5. They (build) the
bridge at last. 6. We (read) your article,
Exercise 2
Transform the previous exercise into the negative.
Brercise 3
- 93 -
Exercise 4
Exercise 6
Tranela-hft into English using the Past Indefinite or the
Present Perfect Tense.
1, Kas inn on kSinud Inglismaal? Jah, ta on. Ta
käis seal esmakordselt kui ta oli ktbme aastane. 2. Ma
- 94 -
olen rSSkinud temaga mitu korda juba. 3. Õpetaja rääkis
meile sellest täna hommikul. (Praegu on kell 5.) 4. Ta
on elanud Moskvas viis aastat. 5. Ta elas Tartus kui ma
olin laps. 6. Ma just praegu kohtasin teda. 7. Minu dde
läks just toole. 8. Kas sa oled hiljuti käinud tal külas?
9. Яга mine ära enhe kui sa oled vastanud kfisimusele.
10. Ma ei ole veel (yet) lõpetanud oma õhtusööki.
ШГЕТ 11
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
ШПТ 12
Seereise 1
Brerclse 2
Exercise 3
Use the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect of the verb
in brackets.
1. This student (understand) the rule long before
the rest of the class did. It was,because he (study) Bng-
- 96 -
lish for two years. 2. I (sit) down to dinner after I
(look) through the newspaper. 3» The ride (last) about ten
minutes when the car suddenly (stop). 4. When we (find) the
man, he (be) dead for some time.
Exercise 4
ШГЕТ 13
Exercise 1
Tr^Tia-Porm the following into a) the negative and b) into
yes/no questions. Do not change the subordinate clause.
Tfrrft-rciHe 2
Model. They were swj mm i ng;. They had been swimming all
morning.
were expecting to hear from him. We a
letter all week. 2. The storm was raging outside. It
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13.
all night. 3. I was studying. I ever since dinner.
4. He was trailing the dog. He him for about a
month. 5. They were ^already dancing,. They for at
least twenty minutes.
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Translate into English using the Past Indefinite, the
Present Perfect Continuous, the Past Perfect and the Past
Perfect Continuous Tenses.
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UNIT 14
BgSEçise 1
Supply the Future Perfect Tense of the verb in brackets.
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Transform the previous exercise into yes/no questions.
Exercise 4
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Exercise 5 /
Exercise 6
MIT 15
Exercise 1
Use the Future Perfect in the Past of the verb in brackets.
1Ш1Т 16'
Exercise 1
Put the verb in brackets into the Future Perfect or the
Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
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1. Wait a moment, I (finish) writing in a moment.
2. The astronomer says that the spaceship (reach) the ter
ritory of the Soviet Union by five o'clock. 3« By this
time next week he (tour) for three months. 4. I (clean)
my flat for two hours if you come by four o'clock.
UNIT 17 ^
Exercise 1
The End.
Unit 1
Exercise 1
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Unit 2
Exercise 1
1. speaks 2. live 3« drink 4. goes 5» watches 6. dresses
7. teaches 8. washes
Exercise 2
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
1. airs. White does not eat ... 2. They do not shave ...
3. I do not smoke ... 4. We do not drink ... 5. He does
not travel ...
Exercise 7
Exercise 8
Bxercif-e 9
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Sxercise 10
1. They read well. 2. Peter likes Tartu. 3. This student
eats here. 4. Those students speak French. 5. You study
Edglish every day. 6. Tour younger sister studies Russian.
Exercise 11
Exercise 12
Exercise 13
Exercise 14
Exercise 15
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Unit 3
Exercise 1
1. We are working now. 2. Mary is practising her pronun
ciation now. 3. They are coming to class now. 4. You are
studying in the library now. 5. He is eating steak now.
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 6
1. Who are you waiting for? I am waiting for Tom.
2. This stove heats the living room. 3. We can»t
see Jane now, she is having a bath. 4. Every mother loves
her child. 5- They had better come in. It is beginning to
rain. 6. Mother brushes her hair every night. 7. Helen is
reading a story and Tom is listening to it. 8. Our dog often
barks at night. 9. I am watering the garden today, But usual
ly mother does it.
Unit 4
Exercise 1
1. The doctor worked last night . 2. We arrived at nine
last night. 3. The students practised these words last night.
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4. She drank oraaga juice last night. 5. Maria wanted cof
fee for dinner laa* night. 6. They visited John last night.
Seereise 2 ,
1. I did not walk ... 2. John did not eat ... 3. We did not
study ... 4. Our lesson did not begin ... 5. They did not
go home ... 6. We did not read ...
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
«beereise 6
Brercise 7
1. She did not use to ... 2. We did not use to ... 3« Tou
did not use to ... 4. He did not use to ... 5« They did
not use to ...
Exercise 8
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I4.
Unit 5
Exercise 1
1) 4, 7 2) 1, з, 5 3) 2, 6
Bgercise 2
Exercise 3
Bgercise 4
Bgercise 5
Bgercise 6
Bgercise 7
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Unit 6
Bgercise 1
1. They*11 ... 2. We«11 ... 3. You'll ... 4. 1*11 ...
5. She'll ...
Bgercise 2
1. will be 2. shall know 3* will be 4. shall send 5* shall
remember 6. will feel
gre-relae 3
Bgercise 4
Bgercise 5
Bgercise 6
1. John will not meet us ... 2. They will not see us ...
3. I shall not be back ... 4. Mary will not meet us ...
5. We shall not meet you ... 6. You will not be back soon,
Bgercise 7
Bgercise 8
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twice a week. 4. Water will boll at 100* 0. 5* I shall сове
hack in an h~ur. 6. The performance will be over by now.
7. I shall introduce you to him after the meeting.
Unit 7
Bgercise 1
Unit 8
Bgercise 1
Brerclse 2
Bgercise 3
Bgercise 4
1. will be leaving. 2. shall be swimming 3. shall be taking
off 4. will be leaving 5. will be looking 6. will be visi
ting 7. will be playing 8. shall be working.
Bgercise 5
1. shall be 2. will mark 3. will not find, shall be visi
ting 4. will be sun-bathing 5. shall spend
Bgercise 6 /
1. shall ring, is 2. holds, shall go J>. call, will not be,
is, will probably be feeding 4. does not snow, shall go
0. am not, come
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Unit 9
Bgercise 1
1. would take 2. would be having 3. would be waiting
4. would finish 5. would happen, would be happening
Unit 10
Exercise 1 v
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
1. Has Ann been to England? Yes, she has. She went there
first when she was ten years old. 2. I havettalked to Ma
several times already. 3. The teacher told us about it this
morning. 4. He has lived in Moscow for five years. 5« He
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I5.
lived in Tartu when I was a child. 6. I met him just now.
7. My sister has just gone to work. 8. Have you visited
him lately?" 10. I have not finished my supper yet.
Unit 11
Bgercise 1
Exercise 2
Bgercise 5
1 . 1 have not seen him for months. 2. Henry has rung him up
twice since yesterday. 3« #red has been writing postcards
to his friends since dinner. 4. Bob has been resting in the
garden all morning. 5. He has read all the novels by Dickens.
6. Mary has been working hard all day. 7* The singer has not
arrived yet. 8. The workmen have been mending the road all
day.
Unit 12
Exercise 1
a) 1. He had not left ... 2. They had not finished ...
3. She had not told me ... 4. He had not seen ... 5« He had
not been ...
b) 1. Had he left ...? 2. Had bhey finished ...? 3« Had she
told me ...? 4. Had he seen ...? 5. Had he been ..-.?
Egercise 2
Exercise 3
1. understood, had studied 2. sat, had looked *>• had lasted,
stopped 4. found, had been
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Exercise 4
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
1. The boys were tired (out) because they had been play
ing football all day. 2. How long have you been studying
English? 3. I could not go out because it had been rain
ing all morning. 4. How long has it béen snowing? 5» It
was warmer now because the wind had ceased blowing. 6. We
had been waiting for a long time before the train arrived.
Unit ЛЧ
Exercise 1
1. will have left 2. will have died 3» will have left
4. shall have finished 5« will have learned 6. will have
forgotten 7- will have visited
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 5
Exercise 6
1. have finished (finish), shall go 2. will succeed, wants
3. shall stay, return 4. shall begin, has come (comes)
5. will give, has finished 6. am, will have taken off
7. will not have, have eaten
Unit 13
Exercise 1
1. would have left 2. would have been 3. should have
finished 4. would have reached
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Unit 16
Bgercise 1
Unit 17
Bsercise 1
The Elad
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Sources Used
- 114 -
ХЕЙНО ЛИИВ
ВРЕМЕНА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ГЛАГОЛА
Программированное пособие
На английском языке
Тартуский государственный университет
ЭССР, г.Тарту, ул. Юликосли, 18
Hind 30 kop.