Ferrari

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This article is about the automobile manufacturer. For other uses, see  Ferrari (disambiguation).

Coordinates:  44.532447°N 10.864137°E

Ferrari S.p.A.

Type Subsidiary

Industry Automotive

Founded 1929

Founder(s) Enzo Ferrari

Headquarters Maranello, Italy

Key people Luca di Montezemolo,(Chairman)

Piero Ferrari, (Vice-President)

Amedeo Felisa, (CEO)

Giancarlo Coppa , (CFO)

Products Sports cars

Revenue ▲ € 1,921 million (2008)[1]

Employees 2,926 (2007)[2]

 Parent Fiat S.p.A.

Website Ferrari.com

Ferrari S.p.A. is an Italian sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1929,
as Scuderia Ferrari, the company sponsored drivers and manufactured race cars before moving into
production of street-legal vehicles as Ferrari S.p.A. in 1947. Throughout its history, the company has been
noted for its continued participation in racing, especially in Formula One, where it has enjoyed great success.

Contents
 [hide]

1 History

2 Motorsport

o 2.1 Scuderia

Ferrari

o 2.2 Race cars for

other teams

3 Road cars

o 3.1 Supercars

o 3.2 Concept cars

and specials

o 3.3 Bio-fuel and

hybrid cars

o 3.4 Naming

conventions

4 Identity

o 4.1 Colour

5 Corporate affairs

o 5.1 Technical

partnerships

o 5.2 Sales history

6 See also

7 Notes

8 References
 9 External links

[edit]History

Main article:  History of Ferrari

Enzo Ferrari never intended to produce road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari (literally "Ferrari Stable",
and usually used to mean "Team Ferrari", it is correctly pronounced [skudeˈria] "skoo-deh-REE-ah") in 1929 as
a sponsor for amateur drivers headquartered in Modena. Ferrari prepared, and successfully raced, various
drivers in Alfa Romeo cars until 1938, when he was hired by Alfa Romeo to head their motor racing
department.

In 1941, Alfa Romeo was confiscated by the Fascist government of Benito Mussolini as part of the Axis

Powers' war effort. Enzo Ferrari's division was small enough to be unaffected by this. Because he was
prohibited by contract from racing for four years, the Scuderia briefly became Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari,
which ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraft accessories. Also known as SEFAC (Scuderia Enzo
Ferrari Auto Corse), Ferrari did in fact produce one race car, the Tipo 815, in the non-competition period. It was
the first actual Ferrari car (it debuted at the 1940 Mille Miglia), but due to World War II it saw little competition.
In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained ever since. The factory was bombed by
the Allies in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946, after the war ended, and included a works for road car production. Until Il
Commendatore's death, this would remain little more than a source of funding for his first love, racing.

166MM Barchetta 212/225.

The first Ferrari road car was the 1947 125 S, powered by a 1.5 L V12 engine; Enzo Ferrari reluctantly built and
sold his automobiles to fundScuderia Ferrari.[citation needed] While his beautiful and fast cars quickly gained a
reputation for excellence, Enzo maintained a famous distaste for his customers. [citation needed]

In 1988, Enzo Ferrari oversaw the launch of the Ferrari F40, the last new Ferrari to be launched before his
death later that year, and arguably one of the most famous supercars ever made.

On May 17, 2009 in Maranello, Italy, a 1957 250 Testa Rossa (TR) was auctioned, by RM
Auctions and Sotheby's, for $12.1 Million - a world record at that time for the most expensive car ever sold at
an auction. That record is now held by a Bugatti Atlantic which sold for over $28 million. [3]
[edit]Motorsport

For a complete list of Ferrari racing cars, see  List of Ferrari competition cars.

Ferrari 312T2 Formula One car driven by Niki Lauda

Since the company's beginnings, Ferrari has been involved in motorsport, competing in a range of categories
including Formula One andsports car racing through its Scuderia Ferrari sporting division as well as supplying
cars and engines to other teams and for one make series.

The 1940 AAC 815 was the first racing car to be designed by Enzo Ferrari, although it was not badged as a
Ferrari model.

[edit]Scuderia Ferrari
Main article:  Scuderia Ferrari

Scuderia Ferrari has participated in a number of classes of motorsport, though it is currently only involved in
Formula One. It is the only team to have competed in the Formula One World Championship continuously
since its inception in 1950. José Froilán González gave the team its first F1 victory at the 1951 British Grand
Prix.

Scuderia Ferrari won a Formula Onedriver's title in 2007, with Kimi Räikkönen.

Alberto Ascari gave Ferrari its first Drivers Championship a year later. Ferrari is the oldest team in the
championship, and the most successful: the team holds nearly every Formula One record. As of 2008, the
team's records include 15 World Drivers Championship titles
(1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1979, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2007) 16 World
Constructors Championship titles
(1961, 1964, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2008), 209
Grand Prix victories, 4925.27 points, 622 podium finishes, 203 pole positions, and 218 fastest laps in 776
Grands Prix contested.

Notable Ferrari drivers include José Froilán González, Tazio Nuvolari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Luigi
Chinetti, Alberto Ascari, Wolfgang von Trips,Phil Hill, Olivier Gendebien, Mike Hawthorn, Peter
Collins, Giancarlo Baghetti, John Surtees, Lorenzo Bandini, Ludovico Scarfiotti, Jacky Ickx,Mario Andretti, Clay
Regazzoni, Niki Lauda, Carlos Reutemann, Jody Scheckter, Gilles Villeneuve, Didier Pironi, Patrick
Tambay, René Arnoux, Michele Alboreto, Gerhard Berger, Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost, Jean Alesi, Eddie
Irvine, Rubens Barrichello, Michael Schumacher, Kimi Räikkönen, Felipe Massa, and Fernando Alonso.

At the end of the 2006 season, the team courted controversy by continuing to allow Marlboro to sponsor them
after they, along with the other F1 teams, made a promise to endsponsorship deals with tobacco
manufacturers. A five year deal was agreed and although this is not due to end until 2011, in April 2008
Marlboro dropped their on-car branding on Ferrari.

The drivers competing for 2009 were Felipe Massa and defending champion Kimi Räikkönen. As of 2010
Fernando Alonso has started racing for Ferrari after racing for Renault, Minardi and Mclaren, filling Kimi
Räikkönen's former seat.

A 312PB (driven by Jacky Ickx) during the team's final year in the World Sportscar Championship.

In addition to Formula One, Ferrari also entered cars in sportscar racing, the two programs existing in parallel
for many years.

In 1949, Luigi Chinetti drove a 166 M to Ferrari's first win in motorsports, the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Ferrari went
on to dominate the early years of the World Sportscar Championship which was created in 1953, winning the
title seven out of its first nine years.

When the championship format changed in 1962, Ferrari earned titles in at least one class each year through
to 1965 and then again in 1967. Ferrari would win one final title, the 1972 World Championship of
Makes before Enzo decided to leave sports car racing after 1973 and allow Scuderia Ferrari to concentrate
solely on Formula One.
During Ferrari's seasons of the World Sportscars Championship, they also gained more wins at the 24 Hours of
Le Mans, with the factory team earning their first in 1954. Another win would come in 1958, followed by five
consecutive wins from 1960 to 1964. Luigi Chinetti's North American Racing Team (NART) would take Ferrari's
final victory at Le Mans in 1965.

Although Scuderia Ferrari no longer participated in sports cars after 1973, they have occasionally built various
successful sports cars forprivateers. These include the BB 512 LM in the 1970s, the 333 SP which won
the IMSA GT Championship in the 1990s, and currently the F430GT2 and GT3 which are currently winning
championships in their respective classes.

[edit]Race cars for other teams

Throughout its history, Ferrari has supplied racing cars to other entrants, aside from its own works Scuderia
Ferrari team.

In the 1950s and 60s, Ferrari supplied Formula One cars to a number of private entrants and other teams. One
famous example was Tony Vandervell's team, which raced the Thinwall Special modified Ferraris before
building their own Vanwall cars. The North American Racing Team's entries in the final three rounds of the
1969 season were the last occasions on which a team other than Scuderia Ferrari entered a World
Championship Grand Prix with a Ferrari car. [4]

Ferrari supplied cars complete with V8 engines for the A1 Grand Prix series, from the 2008-09 season.[5] The
car was designed by Rory Byrne and is styled to resemble the 2004 Ferrari Formula one car.

The 599 GTB Fiorano and F430 GT are used in GT racing series. The Ferrari Challenge is a one make racing
series for the Ferrari F430. Ferrari's latest supercar, the 2006 FXX is not road legal, and is therefore only used
for track events.

[edit]Road cars
For a complete list, including future and concept car models, see List of Ferrari road cars.

Ferrari 166 Inter Coupe Touring

Ferrari's first vehicle was the 125 S sports/racing model. In 1949, the Ferrari 166 Inter, the company's first
move into the grand touring market, which continues to make up the bulk of Ferrari sales to the present day.

Several early cars featured bodywork customised by a number of coachbuilders such

as Pininfarina, Zagato and Bertone.

The Dino was the first mid-engined Ferrari. This layout would go on to be used in most Ferraris of the 1980s
and 1990s. V6 and V8 Ferrari models make up well over half of the marque's total production.

For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Although they looked quite different from their
2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were closely related to the 308 GTB.

The company has also produced front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the current 612 Scaglietti and
California.

Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the Berlinetta Boxer in 1973. The later Testarossa
remains one of the most famous Ferraris.

[edit]Supercars

Enzo Ferrari

The company's loftiest efforts have been in the supercar market. The 1962 250 GTO may be considered the
first in the line of Ferrari supercars, which extends to the recent Enzo Ferrari and FXX models.

[edit]Concept cars and specials

Ferrari P4/5

Ferrari has produced a number of concept cars, such as the Ferrari Mythos. While some of these were quite
radical (such as the Ferrari Modulo) and never intended for production, others such as the Ferrari Mythos have
shown styling elements which were later incorporated into production models.

The most recent concept car to be produced by Ferrari themselves was the 2010 Ferrari Millechili.

A number of one-off special versions of Ferrari road cars have also been produced, some of which have been
commissioned by wealthy owners.

The Special Projects program is a collaboration by Ferrari with Italian automobile coachbuilders such

asFioravanti, Pininfarina, and Zagato to build custom cars using selected Ferrari models as a structural base.
The first car under this program is theSP1, commissioned by a Japanese business executive. The second is
the Ferrari P4/5, and the third is the P540 Superfast Aperta, commissioned by an American enthusiast.

[edit]Bio-fuel and hybrid cars

Ferrari has considered making hybrids. A F430 Spider that runs on ethanol was displayed at the 2008 Detroit
Auto Show. Ferrari has announced that a hybrid will be in production by 2015. At the 2010 Geneva Motor
Show, Ferrari unveiled a hybrid version of their flagship 599. Called the "HY-KERS Concept", Ferrari's hybrid
system adds more than 100 horsepower on top of the 599 Fiorano's 612 HP. [6]

[edit]Naming conventions
Until the early 1980s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based on engine displacement:

 V6 and V8 models used the total displacement (in decilitres) for the first two digits and the number of
cylinders as the third. Thus, the 206 was a 2.0 L V6 powered vehicle, while the348 used a 3.4 L V8,
although, for the F355, the last digit refers to 5 valves per cylinder. Upon introduction of the 360 Modena,
the digits for V8 models (which now carried a name as well as a number) refer only to total engine
displacement. The numerical indication aspect of this name has carried on to the current V8 model,
the F430. The F430's replacement, however, is the 458 Italia, which uses the same naming as the 206 and
348.

 V12 models used the displacement (in cubic centimetres) of one cylinder. Therefore, the famed 365
Daytona had a 4390 cc V12. However, some newer V12-engined Ferraris, such as the 599, have three-
number designations that refer only to total engine displacement.

 Flat 12 (boxer) models used the displacement in litres. Therefore, the BB 512 was five litre flat 12 (a
Berlinetta Boxer, in this case). However, the original Berlinetta Boxer was the 365 GT4 BB, which was
named in a similar manner to the V12 models.
 Halo Car F followed by the anniversary in years, such as the F40 and F50. The Enzo skipped this rule,
but it will return in the upcoming F70.

 Some models, such as the 1980 Mondial and the 1984 Testarossa did not follow a three-number
naming scheme.

612 Scaglietti Sessanta Edition

Most Ferraris were also given designations referring to their body style. In general, the following conventions
were used:

 M ("Modificata"), placed at the end of a model's number, denotes a modified version of its predecessor
and not a complete evolution (seeF512 M and 575 M Maranello).

 GTB ("Gran Turismo Berlinetta") models are closed Berlinettas, or coupes.

 GTS ("Gran Turismo Spyder") in older models, are open Spyders (spelt "y"), or convertibles (see 365
GTS/4); however, in more recent models, this suffix is used for targa top models (see Dino 246 GTS,
and F355 GTS; the exception being the 348 TS, which is the only targa named differently). The convertible
models now use the suffix "Spider" (spelt "i") (see F355 Spider, and 360 Spider).

This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used the same engine type and body
style. Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (like Daytona) to identify them further. Many such names are
actually not official factory names. The Daytona name commemorates Ferrari's triple success in the February
1967 24 Hours of Daytona with the 330 P4[7]. Only in the 1973 Daytona 24 Hours, a365 GTB/4 model run by
NART (who raced Ferrari's in America) ran second, behind a Porsche 911[8].

The various Dino models were named for Enzo's son, Dino Ferrari, and were marketed as Dinos by Ferrari and
sold at Ferrari dealers—for all intents and purposes they are Ferraris.

In the mid 1990s, Ferrari added the letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a practice abandoned after
the F512 M and F355, but adopted again with the F430).
A pair of Ferraris at an Italian car meet, 2010

[edit]Identity

Count Francesco Baracca

The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is the Cavallino Rampante ("prancing horse") black
prancing stallion on a yellow shield, usually with the letters S F (for Scuderia Ferrari), with three stripes of
green, white and red (the Italian national colors) at the top. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the
hood (see picture above), and, optionally, the shield-shaped race logo on the sides of both front wings, close to
the door.

On June 17, 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the Savio track in Ravenna where he met the Countess Paolina,
mother of Count Francesco Baracca, an ace of the Italian air force and national hero of World War I, who used
to paint a horse on the side of his planes. The Countess asked Enzo to use this horse on his cars, suggesting
that it would bring him good luck. The original "prancing horse" on Baracca's airplanewas painted in red on a
white cloud-like shape, but Ferrari chose to have the horse in black (as it had been painted as a sign of grief on
Baracca's squadron planes after the pilot was killed in action) and he added a canary yellow background as
this is the color of the city of Modena, his birthplace. The Ferrari horse was, from the very beginning, markedly
different from the Baracca horse in most details, the most noticeable being the tail that in the original Baracca
version was pointing downward.

Ferrari has used the cavallino rampante on official company stationery since 1929. Since the Spa 24 Hours of
July 9, 1932, the cavallino rampante has been used on Alfa Romeos raced by Scuderia Ferrari.
The motif of a prancing horse is old, it can be found on ancient coins. A similar black horse on a yellow shield is
the Coat of Arms of theGerman city of Stuttgart, home of Mercedes-Benz and the design bureau of Porsche,
both being main competitors of Alfa and Ferrari in the 1930s. The city's name derives from Stutengarten, an
ancient form of the German word Gestüt, which translates into English as stud farm and into Italian
as scuderia. Porsche also includes the Stuttgart sign in its corporate logo, centred in the emblem of the state
of Württemberg. Stuttgart's Rössle has both rear legs firmly planted on the soil, like Baracca's horse, but unlike
Ferrari's cavallino.

Fabio Taglioni used the cavallino rampante on his Ducati motorbikes, as Taglioni was born at Lugo di

Romagna like Baracca, and his father too was a military pilot during WWI (although not part of Baracca's
squadron, as is sometimes mistakenly reported). As Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse- perhaps
the result of a private agreement between the two companies.

Austrian Fuel Stations

The cavallino rampante is the visual symbol of Ferrari. Cavallino Magazine uses the name, but not the logo.
However, other companies use similar logos: Avanti, an Austrian company operating over 100 filling stations,
uses a prancing horse logo which is nearly identical to Ferrari's, as doesIron Horse Bicycles. Many pay
homage to the Ferrari logo, e.g. the Jamiroquai album Travelling Without Moving.

[edit]Colour

Main article:  Rosso corsa

Since the 1920s, Italian race cars of Alfa Romeo, Maserati and later Ferrari and Abarth were (and often still
are) painted in "race red" (Rosso Corsa). This was the customary national racing color of Italy, as
recommended between the World Wars by the organizations that later would become the FIA. It refers to the
nationality of the competing team, not that of the car manufacturer or driver. In that scheme, French-entered
cars like Bugatti were blue, German like Benz and Mercedes white (since 1934 also bare sheet metal silver),
and British greensuch as the mid 1960s Lotus and BRM, for instance.

Curiously, Ferrari won the 1964 World championship with John Surtees by competing the last two races in
North America with cars painted in the US-American race colors white and blue, as these were not entered by
the Italian factory themselves, but by the U.S.-based North American Racing Team (NART) team. This was
done as a protest concerning arguments between Ferrari and the Italian Racing Authorities regarding the
homologation of a new mid-engined Ferrari race car.
[edit]Corporate affairs

Ferrari also has an internally managed merchandising line that licenses many products bearing the Ferrari
brand, including eyewear, pens, pencils, electronic goods, perfume, cologne, clothing, high-tech bicycles,
watches, cell phones, and even laptop computers.

Ferrari also runs a museum, the Galleria Ferrari in Maranello, which displays road and race cars and other
items from the company's history.

[edit]Technical partnerships
Ferrari has had a long standing relationship with Shell Oil. It is a technical partnership with Ferrari and Ducati to
test as well as supply fuel and oils to the Formula One, MotoGP and World Superbike racing teams. For
example, the Shell V-Power premium gasoline fuel has been developed with the many years of technical
expertise between Shell and Ferrari. [9]

Ferrari have had agreements to supply Formula One engines to a number of other teams over the years, and
currently supply Scuderia Toro Rosso and Sauber.

[edit]Sales history

Sales to end customers

Year

1 2 3 4 5 6

1999[10] 3,775  

2000[11] 4,070  

2001[12] 4,289  

2002[13] 4,236  

2003[14] 4,238  

2004[15] 4,975  

2005[16] 5,409  
2006[17] 5,671  

2007[18] 6,465  

2008[19] 6,587

[edit]See also