Smart Grid System: Case Study Topic
Smart Grid System: Case Study Topic
Smart Grid System: Case Study Topic
S, Id: 413-2015
abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 4
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................... 16
References .................................................................................................................................... 17
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
Figure 3 The Power Portal Home Display Unit And Real-Time Power, Cumulative Use, And
Figure 5power Electronics Control And Communication Structure In Smart Buildings. ......... 9
Figure 6power Electronics Control And Communication Structure In Smart Buildings. ....... 10
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
We know that renewable energies such as sun water fuel cells and bio mass are best source of
energies for on grid and off grid smart green systems. It can be easily generated and stored for later
use.
It can also be delivered to a power grid where an energy source is required and share the
combination of both. The smart grid buildings are connected to the service lines. The smart grid
buildings require inverters which convert direct current to alternating current and some also have
Power electronics is playing a very important role helping these types of technologies enable in
these smart grid systems. The smart meter is installed which observes the interfacing between
green buildings and utility lines. This research is unique electronics platform that is very efficient
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
In near future we know that these green buildings will be a connection to distribution network and
Most energies have direct power so for this an inverter is requires so that dc is converted to ac and
Whereas the ac grid can directly be connected to the ac-dc and dc-a conversion stages.
Power electronics converters provide rapid control means to satisfy the grid connected alternative
communications systems, and computer software programs [4, 5]. Figure 1 shows the smart grid
simple structure that allows power to be fed into it from different energy sources and provides real-
The home smart grid makes the home efficient by reducing the total power consumed.
Home owners can install can install renewable energy components to supply power and fulfill
power home requirements. Home energy efficiency requires three devices: smart meter that
measures power in real time, home receiver that allows homeowner to monitor power use over
time, and power usage monitor (watt meter) that accurately measures power consumption.
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
analog meter measure water gas electric parameters in a given period of time but since it is analog
So for this we use the digital metering system advance meter that can be used to monitor the energy
consumption and also remotely transfer it through a communication network and we can display
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
component but not the whole, there are more thing like hardware, software, communication links,
and controllers. This called advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) that measures, analyzes, and
regulates energy usage. The IHD plays an important role in the real time monitoring of the system
which communicates direct with the appliances. The figure 3 shows an IHD for homes smart meter
and devices.
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
Figure 3 The Power Portal Home Display Unit And Real-Time Power, Cumulative Use, And
Other Data.
include oxygen, fresh water, solar energy and biomass. Many countries have now developed
however, hydro, wind, biomass, tidal stream, and photovoltaic (PV) are common choices. Figure
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
Power electronics represents the smart green technology in the buildings, it does the conversion
between distribution networks and local micro grid sources. . The following characteristics are
important for power electronics systems of smart grids: high efficiency, optimal energy transfer,
bidirectional power flow, high reliability, synchronization capabilities, smart metering, real-time
information, communications, and fault tolerance. Figure 5 shows power electronics layers of
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
Power electronic converters work on off gird and both on grid also they are of two categories:
single input single output (SISO) platform and multi-input single output (MISO) platform.
For example a building has one dc renewable source and then that building is SISO as shown in
figure 7.
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
Another SISO platform can be used if the source was AC-based variable speed turbines such as
Figure 8 shows hybrid connectivity to replenish more energy production to the building as well as
the utility grid which is called as MISO platform. A MISO platform is sometimes called as multi-
port power converter because it combines more than one input port based on the number of the
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
4. PV SYSTEMS IN HOME
The light energy in the sun is transformed in to heat energy that does useful work. Energy sources
originated from sun apart from geothermal energy. The sun’s free energy can be utilized in three
forms:
2. Direct heat transfer; for example, water heater collects solar heat and transfers it to water.
3. PV effect; causes some substances to generate an electric current when exposed to sunlight.
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
Figure 9 shows the schematic of SISO-based grid-connected PV system. The main elements of
1. Boost DC-DC converter to increase the output voltage and extract the max power
4. Voltage/power controller
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
Wind turbines on a simple principle. The energy in the wind turns two or three propeller-like blades
around a rotor. The rotor is connected to the main shaft, which spins a generator to create
electricity.
A wind turbine is a device that convert kinetic energy from the wind into electrical power.
Wind power is the use of air flow through wind turbines to mechanically turn power generators
for electric power. Wind power is an alternative to burning fossil fuels. It is plentiful, renewable,
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, consumes no
water, and uses little land. The net effects on the environment are far less problematic than those
Wind turbine can rotate about either a horizontal or vertical axis, the former being both older and more
common. They can also include blades (transparent or not) or be bladeless.
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
CONCLUSION
We studied the different power electronics platforms for grid-tied smart buildings was presented.
Both analog and digital smart metering systems were infrastructures. The main power electronics
converter platforms were categorized into two types as SISO and MISO structures. Each platform
was introduced in regards to several types of alternative energy resources (wind, PV, etc.)
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi
SMART GRID SYSTEM
REFERENCES
[1]https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/smart_grid.html
[2]https://energy.gov/oe/activities/technology.../grid-modernization-and-smart-grid
[3]https://www.google.com.pk/search?rlz=1C1OKWM_enPK800PK800&ei=UbsvW-
z8IJHQkwXmz56YDQ&q=difference+between+horizontal+axis+wind+turbine+and+vertical+
[4]http://www.paksolarservices.com/wind-turbine.html
[5]https://www.google.com.pk/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fequatorenergypinoy.com.ph%2
Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F04%2FHYBRIDFAB
SMART GRID SYSTEM | Department of Electrical Engineering, FEST, Indus University, Karachi