Gastric Fluid
Gastric Fluid
Gastric Fluid
acidity
CHIPPAI ** every after maka collect ng gastric
fluid, mag stimulate nnmn tayo ng
Physiology
gastrin thru the production of gastrin.
G cells stimulation: vagus nerve stimulation, **SHAMP
presence of food and fluid
TEST MEALS
Hcl – produced by PARIETAL cells; stimulated by
GASTRIN ( stimulated by vagus nerve ) 1. Ewald’s – bread, weak tea, water
Pepsinogen, pepsin for protein digestion 2. Boas – oats
3. Riegel’s – Mashed potato, beef steak
Measurement of gastric acidity
**SHAM FEEDING- stimulate gastric fluid ( hcl ) para
Peptic ulcer mag taas ang gastric fluid volume
Pernicious anemia
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome – most significant **Minsan ma swallow ang test meals ng patients in post
(increased acidity of gastric fluid/hcl) stimulation resort chemical stimulation
Monitoring of surgery
Drug analysis POSTSTIMULANTION GASTRIC ACIDITY
COLLECTION STIMULANTS:
TESTS FOR GASTRIC ACIDITY - Maximum acid output – hourly acid output
** get acidity of each sample and divide 4
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:
- Peak Acid output – total of 2 highest 15 mins
Normal color - Translucent, pale gray with specimens x 2
MUCUS
Volume: >75 ml – used with titratable acidity to Qualitative
determine total acid output
**anacidity – failure to produce gastric fluid to TITRATALE TOTAL ACIDITY
have ph less than 6.0
- Measurement of concentration of both ionize
Odor – faint acrid/ pungent
and nonionize hydrogen
pH – determined by measuring gastric pH and
- Titant: 0.1 N NaOH – ph 7
stomach wall pCO2 using TONOMETRY
- pH Indicator: Phenol red
BASAL GASTRIC ACIDITY - End point: Faint Pink
- Normal value: 50-75%
1. Basal Acid output - Actual acid output: TA x spx volume
Sum of all acid outputs of 4 spx
Collection: 1 hr, 4 spx, 15 mins FREE HCL
Test: volume, pH, titratable acidity, acid - Measuring the hcl not incorporated to subs of
output gastric
Normal: 30-60 mL (volume) - Titrant: 0.1 N NaOH
CS: markedly elevated acidity - pH Indicator: Dimenthylanimobenzol
(ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME) - End point: Canary Yellow
- Normal value: 25-50% acidity
COMBINED ACIDITY
QUALITATIVE TESTS
1. Dimethylaminobenzol
Positive = CHERRY RED
2. Gunzberg
Positive = PURPLISH RED
Reagents: Phloroglucin, Vanillin, Alcohol
3. Boas
Positive: ROSE RED
Reagent: Resorcinol, Cane sugar, Alcohol
TERMS
SPUTUM ANALYSIS
1. Volume
A. Scanty (small volume)
- Bronchial Asthma ** baba – undissolved granules
- Acute Bronchitis Mid – water
- Early pneumonia Taas – foam/bubbles
B. Large
- Bronchiectasis
- Lung abscess
- Edema
- Gangrene
MICROSCOPIC EXAM
1. Unstained
- Elastic fibers - TB
- Charcot-Leyden crystals – eosin
degradation; degree of allergic rxn
- Pigmented cells – heart failure cells
- Myelin globules
- Fungi – candida albicans, h. capsulatum,
Cryptococcus neoformans ( porulosis
- Parasites – paragonimus westermani,
helminths
2. Stained
- Neoplastic
- Bacteria
- Leukocytes, epithelial cells