Human Anatomy & Physiology Marieb Chapter 1

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1. Anatomy studies the STRUCTURE of body parts 17. Tissue Level 3rd level in the hierarchy,
and their relationships to one another. tissues are groups of similar
Is concrete. cells that have a common
function. the 4 basic types of
2. Physiology Concerns the FUNCTION of the body,
tissue are: epithelium, muscle,
in other words, how the body parts
connective tissue, and nervous
work and carry out their life-sustaining
tissue.
activities. Only explainable in terms of
the underlying anatomy. 18. Organ Level 4th level in the hierarchy,
organs consist of at least 2
3. Gross/Macroscopic The study of large body structures
types of tissue and perform a
Anatomy visible to the naked eye such as heart,
specific function.
lungs, and kidneys.
19. Organ System Level 5th level in the hierarchy, it
4. Regional Anatomy Subsection of gross anatomy. All the
consists of organs working
structures in a particular region of the
together to accomplish a
body are studied, such as the abdomen
common purpose. Example th
or the leg.
20. Organismal Level The final level that is the sum
5. Systematic body structure is studied system by
total of all structural levels
Anatomy system. Ex: when examining the
working together to keep us
cardiovascular system you would exam
alive
the heart and blood vessels of the
entire body 21. Maintain its Boundaries Every organism's way of
making sure its internal
6. Surface Anatomy The study of internal features as they
environment remains distinct
relate to the overlying skin surface. Ex:
from the external environment.
bulging muscles
Example cell membrane
7. Microscopic Deals with structures too small to be
22. Movement activities promoted by the
Anatomy seen with the naked eye.
muscular system, such as
8. Cystology Subdivision of Microscopic anatomy. propelling ourselves from one
considers the cells of the body place to another by running
9. Histology Subdivision of Microscopic Anatomy. 23. Contracility Muscle cell's ability to move
the study of tissues by shortening
10. Developmental Traces structural changes that occur 24. Responsiveness/Excitability ability to respond to stimuli
Anatomy throughout the life span
25. Digestion A series of catabolic steps in
11. Embryology Subdivision of Develop. Anatomy. which complex food
concerns developmental changes that molecules are broken down to
occur before birth. their building blocks by
12. Renal Physiology Kidney functions and urine production enzymes

13. Neurophysiology explains the workings of the nervous 26. Metabolism Sum total of the chemical
system reactions occurring in the
body
14. Cardiovascular examines the operation of the heart
physiology and blood vessels 27. Excretion Elimination of waste products
from the body
15. Chemical Level simplest level of the structural
hierarchy. Atoms (building blocks of 28. Reproduction Occurs at the cellular and the
matter) combine to form molecules organismal level. Cell division,
such as water or proteins. molecules male and female reproductive
then form organelles which then make organs
up cells. 29. Growth increase in size of a body part
16. Cellular Level 2nd level in the hierarchy Cells are the or the organism as a whole.
smallest unit of living things, and usually accomplished by
different cells serve different purposes. increasing cells
30. Survival Needs ...
31. Nutrients ... 50. Inferior (caudal)
32. Oxygen ...
33. Water ...
34. Normal body ...
temperature
35. Atmospheric ...
Pressure
36. Homeostasis ...
37. Variable ...
38. Receptor ...
39. Control center ...
51. Anterior (ventral)
40. Effector ...
41. Negative feedback ...
mechanisms
42. Positive feedback ...
mechanisms
43. Homeostatic ...
imbalance
44. Anatomical position ...
52. Posterior (dorsal)
45. Directional terms ...
46. Axial part ...
47. Appendicular part ...
48. Regional terms ...
49. Superior (cranial)

53. Medial

54. Lateral
55. Intermediate 60. Thorax-orange
Abdomen-purple
Back (dorsal)-
green

56. Proximal

61. Sagittal plane

57. Distal 62. Frontal (coronal)

63. Transverse plane

58. Superficial
(external)

64. cranial cavity

Depth
59. Deep (internal)

Depth
65. Dorsal body 69. Right upper quadrant
cavity (RUQ)

70. Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

71. Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

67. Abdominal cavity

68. Pelvic cavity

72. Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

74. Epigastric region 78. Left lumbar region

75. Left hypochondriac region 79. Right iliac (inguinal) region

76. Right Lumbar region 80. Hypogastric (pubic) region