Mitsu 14 TECHNICAL DATA PDF

TECHNICAL DATA
RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING........................... G002

RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR DIMPLE BARS.................... G004
RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR BORING BARS.................. G005
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR TURNING............................................................ G006
REDUCING COSTS WITH CUTTING TOOLS FOR TURNING........................ G008
EFFECTS OF CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING.................................. G009
FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR TURNING......................................... G011
FORMULAE FOR CUTTING POWER.............................................................. G015
RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR FACE MILLING.................. G016
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR MILLING............................................................. G017
FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR FACE MILLING................................ G018
FORMULAE FOR MILLING.............................................................................. G020
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR END MILLING.................................................... G022
PITCH SELECTION OF PICK FEED................................................................ G023
END MILL FEATURES AND SPECIFICATION ................................................. G024
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR DRILLING........................................................... G026
FORMULAE FOR DRILLING............................................................................ G027
DRILL FEATURES AND SPECIFICATION ....................................................... G028
TOOL WEAR AND DAMAGE ........................................................................... G030
CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS.......................................................................... G031
GRADE CHAIN................................................................................................. G032
GRADES COMPARISON TABLE..................................................................... G033
INSERT CHIP BREAKER COMPARISON TABLE........................................... G038
MATERIAL CROSS REFERENCE LIST........................................................... G040
SURFACE ROUGHNESS................................................................................. G044
HARDNESS COMPARISON TABLE................................................................ G045
FIT TOLERANCE TABLE (HOLE).................................................................... G046
FIT TOLERANCE TABLE (SHAFT).................................................................. G048
TAPER STANDARD.......................................................................................... G050
DRILL DIAMETERS FOR TAPPING................................................................ G051
HEXAGON SOCKET HEAD BOLT HOLE SIZE / INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS.......... G052
G001
TECHNICAL DATA
RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS

FOR TURNING
Recommended Cutting Conditions and Grades When Recommended Conditions are Insufficient
Work Material Depth Feed Recommended Cutting Speed and Grades Breaker
of Cut Coolant Problem/Condition Countermeasure
(mm) (mm/rev) 100 200 300 400
a Long chips when finishing. FY Breaker

Medium Cutting Light Cutting
NX3035 a Rapid wear occurrence in UE6020

high speed cutting.
< 1.0 < 0.3 Dry SY a Easy to fracture during MS Breaker UE6020
290 (235 335) interrupted cutting.
a Continuous cutting. Wet cutting is possible.
a Easy to fracture during UE6020 or MH or MA Breaker
<
UE6110
0.4
interrupted cutting.
160 16 Dry MS a Poor finished surface. NX3035
(0.2 0.6)
HB a Continuous cutting. Wet cutting is possible.
350 (260 440)
a Easy to fracture.
Semi-Heavy
UE6110 UE6020 or GH Breaker

a Continuous cutting.
Cutting
0.6
Wet cutting is possible.
49
(0.5 0.8)
Dry MH
350 (260 440)
a Long chips when finishing. FH Breaker
Medium Cutting Light Cutting
UE6110 a Rapid wear occurrence UE6005

when high speed cutting.
Mild Steel < 1.0 < 0.3 Dry SH a Easy to fracture during UE6020 or MV Breaker
interrupted cutting.
Carbon 280 (210 355) a Continuous cutting. Wet cutting is possible.
a High feed cutting(f > 0.3) SW Breaker
Steel
RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING
a Rapid wear occurrence UE6005

160 UE6110 when high speed cutting.
Alloy a Easy to fracture during UE6020 or MH Breaker

0.4
Steel 280
16
(0.2 0.6)
Dry MV interrupted cutting.
a Long chips. SH Breaker
HB 260 (190 325) a High feed cutting(f > 0.4) GH Breaker or MW Breaker
a Continuous cutting. Wet cutting is possible.
a Rapid
Semi-Heavy
wear occurrence UE6005

UE6110
Cutting
0.6
and short tool life.
49
(0.5 0.8)
Dry GH a Easy to fracture. UE6020
250 (180 310)
Medium Cutting Light Cutting Medium Cutting Light Cutting
a Rapid wear occurrence UE6005

UE6110
Water when high speed cutting.
< 1.0 < 0.3 Soluble SH a Easy to fracture. UE6020
280 Oil a Long chips. FH Breaker
180 (120 230) a Interrupted cutting. Dry cutting

350 a Easy to fracture. UE6020 or GH Breaker

HB UE6110
Water a Interrupted cutting. Dry cutting
0.3
14
(0.2 0.4)
Soluble MH
Oil
170 (120 210)
a Long chips. FH Breaker US735

US735
Water a Easy to fracture. MS Breaker
1.0 < 0.2 < Soluble SH a Poor finished surface NX3035(ap < 0.5)
Oil
Austenitic < 140 (95 185)
Stainless 200
Steel a Rapid wear occurrence US7020 or lower
HB US735
0.3
Water and short tool life. cutting speed.
14
(0.2 0.4)
Soluble MS a Easy to fracture. MA Breaker
Oil a Long chips. MA Breaker
120 (85 155)
a Easy to fracture. UE6020

UE6110
TECHNICAL
High a Interrupted cutting. UE6020

0.2
Manganese < 200HB 14 Dry MS
DATA
(0.1 0.4)
Steel
170 (120 210)
a Rapid wear occurrence RT9005

RT9010
Water and short tool life.
Pure 0.15
a Easy to fracture.
Titanium
< 200HB 0.5 1.5
(0.1 0.2)
Soluble MJ TF15 or GJ Breaker
Oil a Interrupted cutting. Use cutting oil.
100 (80 120)
a Rapid wear occurrence RT9005

RT9010
Water and short tool life.
Titanium 0.15
Alloy
< 350HB 0.5 1.5
(0.1 0.2) Soluble
MJ a Easy to fracture. TF15 or GJ Breaker
Oil a Interrupted cutting. Use cutting oil.
70 (40 90)
G002
Work Material Depth Feed Recommended Cutting Speed and Grades Breaker
of Cut Coolant Problem/Condition Countermeasure
(mm) (mm/rev) 100 200 300 400
a Rapid wear and short MB730 (Cutting speed

Nickel Base Alloy VP10RT tool life. vc=100 250)
0.15 Water VP05RT
(Inconel, 0.5 1.5
(0.1 0.2)
Soluble MJ a Lead angle < 15° Increase lead angle to
Waspalloy) Oil 30° 60°.
40 (20 50) a Interrupted cutting. Use cutting oil.
VP15TF
a Rapid wear and short VP05RT
VP10RT
Stellite 0.15 tool life.
( < 35HRC)
0.5 1.5
(0.1 0.2)
Dry MJ a Hardness > 35HRC. VP05RT
a Lead angle < 15° Increase lead angle to
30 (20 40) 30° 60°.
a Rapid wear and short UE6005
UE6110
200 0.3 Water tool life.
14
(0.2 0.4)
Soluble MH a Interrupted cutting. UE6020, Dry cutting.
280HB
Oil
Die Steel 210 (150 260)
High Speed
a Rapid wear and short MBC10 (Cutting speed
Steel MBC020
50 60 0.2 Water Flat tool life. vc=80 250)
-0.5 a Lead angle < 15° Increase lead angle to
HRC (0.1 0.3) Soluble Top
Oil 30° 60°.
200 (80 250)
RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING

a Rapid wear and short UC5105
UC5115
< 350 Water tool life.
Gray 0.4
a Easy to fracture.
16 Soluble Standard UE6005
Cast Iron N/mm2 (0.2 0.6)
Oil No breaker, chamfer
230 (160 295) honing, dry cutting.

UC5115
< 450 0.4 Water tool life.
16 Soluble Standard a Easy to fracture. UE6005
N/mm2 (0.2 0.6)
Oil No breaker, chamfer
Ductile
Cast Iron a Rapid wear and short UC5105
< 500
UC5115
0.4 Water tool life.
800 16
(0.2 0.6)
Soluble Standard a Easy to fracture. UE6005
N/mm2 Oil No breaker, chamfer
UC5115
Malleable Iron 16 Standard a Easy to fracture. UE6005
(0.2 0.6) Soluble
Oil (interrupted cutting) No breaker, chamfer
UC5115
Chilled Cast Iron 16 Soluble Standard a Easy to fracture. UE6110
(0.2 0.6)
Oil (interrupted cutting) No breaker, chamfer
a High speed cutting. MD220
HTi10
0.4 Water High (Cutting speed
Aluminium Alloy 16
(0.2 0.6)
Soluble Rake vc=200 1500)
Oil Breaker
400 (200 600)
a High speed cutting. MD220

HTi10
High
TECHNICAL
0.4 Water (Cutting speed

Copper Alloy 16 Rake vc=200 1200)
DATA
(0.2 0.6) Soluble

Oil Breaker
230 (150 300)
a Low carbon steel. Cutting speed vc=200 250

MB710
a Medium carbon steel. Cutting speed vc=180 220
Sintered 0.2 Flat
14 Dry a High carbon steel. Cutting speed vc=150 180
Alloy Steel (0.1 0.3) Top a Thermal resistance. Cutting speed vc=100 150
200 (150 250)
G003
TECHNICAL DATA

FOR DIMPLE BARS
l/d < 3 (Steel shank) l/d=4 5 (Steel shank)
Cutting Recom- Cutting Speed l/d < 6 (Carbide shank) l/d=7 8 (Carbide shank)
Work Material Breaker Grade
Mode mendation (m/min) Feed D.O.C. Feed D.O.C.
(mm/rev) (mm) (mm/rev) (mm)
P Finish F 170 0.10 0.10
FS z NX2525 (120 220) (0.05 0.15) 0.5 (0.05 0.15) 0.5
Cutting
150 0.20 0.15

z NX3035 (110 190) (0.10 0.25) 1.0 (0.05 0.20) 1.0
Light
SV
Cutting
Mild Steel 180 0.20 0.15
x VP15TF (130 230) (0.10 0.25) 1.0 (0.05 0.20) 1.0
< 180HB
140 0.25 0.20

z NX3035 (100 180) (0.15 0.35) 2.0 (0.15 0.25) 1.5
Medium
MV
Cutting
160 0.25 0.20
x VP15TF (110 210) (0.15 0.35) 2.0 (0.15 0.25) 1.5
140 0.10 0.10

RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR DIMPLE BARS
z VP15TF (90 190) (0.05 0.15) 0.5 (0.05 0.15) 0.5

Finish F
Cutting FS
130 0.10 0.10
x NX2525 (80 180) (0.05 0.15) 0.5 (0.05 0.15) 0.5
130 0.20 0.15

z VP15TF (80 180) (0.10 0.25) 1.0 (0.05 0.20) 1.0
Carbon Steel Light
Alloy Steel Cutting SV
180280HB 140 0.20 0.15
x UE6020 (90 190) (0.10 0.25) 1.0 (0.05 0.20) 1.0
120 0.25 0.20

z VP15TF (70 170) (0.15 0.35) 2.0 (0.15 0.25) 1.5
Medium
MV
Cutting
130 0.25 0.20
x UE6020 (80 180) (0.15 0.35) 2.0 (0.15 0.25) 1.5
M Finish F 150 0.10 0.10

Cutting FS z VP15TF (110 190) (0.05 0.15) 0.5 (0.05 0.15) 0.5
150 0.20 0.15

z US7020 (110 190) (0.10 0.25) 1.0 (0.05 0.20) 1.0
Light
SV
Cutting
Stainless Steel 130 0.20 0.15
x VP15TF (90 170) (0.10 0.25) 1.0 (0.05 0.20) 1.0
180280HB
140 0.20 0.20

z US7020 (100 180) (0.15 0.25) 2.0 (0.15 0.25) 1.0
Medium
MV
Cutting
120 0.20 0.20
x VP15TF (80 160) (0.15 0.25) 2.0 (0.15 0.25) 1.0
K Finish F 130 0.15 0.15

Cutting FS z HTi10 (90 160) (0.10 0.20) 0.5 (0.10 0.20) 0.5
Cast Iron
Tensile Strength
< 350N/mm2 Medium 90 0.20 0.20
TECHNICAL
Cutting MV z US7020 (60 120) (0.15 0.25) 2.0 (0.15 0.25) 1.5
DATA
H Heat Treated Steel Finish 100 0.10 0.10

Cutting Flat Top z MB825 (80 200) (0.05 0.15) 0.15 (0.05 0.15) 0.1
35 65HRC
N
F 300 0.10 0.10
FS z HTi10 (200 400) (0.05 0.15) 0.5 (0.05 0.15) 0.5
Finish
Aluminium Alloy Cutting
200 0.10 0.10
Flat Top z MD220 (150 250) (0.05 0.15) 2.0 (0.05 0.15) 1.0
(Note 1) When vibrations occur, reduce cutting speed by 30%.

(Note 2) The depth of cut needs to be less than the nose diameter when using FSVJ type.
G004
FOR BORING BARS
y S TYPE, F TYPE BORING BAR
l/d < 3 l / d= 3 – 4 (Shank Diameter > &25mm)
Cutting
Work Material Hardness Cutting Speed Feed D.O.C. Cutting Speed Feed D.O.C.
Mode
(m/min) (mm/rev) (mm) (m/min) (mm/rev) (mm)
P
Light 130 0.1 0.2 120 0.1 – 0.2
Cutting (90 – 160) (0.05 – 0.15) (80 – 150) (0.05 – 0.15)
Carbon Steel
Alloy Steel 180 – 220HB
Medium 90 0.25 – 3.0 80 0.15 – 1.5
Cutting (60 – 120) (0.15 – 0.35) (50 – 110) (0.1 – 0.2)
M
Light 140 0.1 0.2 140 0.1 0.2
Cutting (100 – 180) (0.05 – 0.15) (100 – 180) (0.05 – 0.15)
Stainless Steel < 200HB
Medium 70 0.2 – 2.0 60 0.15 – 1.0
Cutting (50 – 90) (0.15 – 0.25) (40 – 80) (0.1 – 0.2)
N
Light 300 0.1 0.2 300 0.1 0.2
Cutting (200 – 400) (0.05 – 0.15) (200 – 400) (0.05 – 0.15)
RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR BORING BARS

Aluminium Alloy –
Medium 200 0.1 – 2.0 200 0.1 – 1.5
Cutting (150 – 250) (0.05 – 0.15) (150 – 250) (0.05 – 0.15)
y P TYPE, M TYPE BORING BAR

l/d < 3 l/d=3–4
Cutting
Work Material Hardness Cutting Speed Feed D.O.C. Cutting Speed Feed D.O.C.
Mode
(m/min) (mm/rev) (mm) (m/min) (mm/rev) (mm)
P
Carbon Steel Medium 110 0.25 110 0.2
Alloy Steel 180 – 280HB (80 – 140) (0.1 – 0.4) – 5.0 (80 – 140) (0.1 – 0.3) – 4.0
Cutting
M
Stainless Steel Medium 80 0.2 70 0.15
< 200HB (60 – 100) (0.1 – 0.3) – 4.0 (50 – 100) (0.1 – 0.25) – 3.0
Cutting
K
Cast Iron Tensile Strength Medium 80 0.25 80 0.2
(60 – 100) (0.1 – 0.4) – 5.0 (60 – 100) (0.1 – 0.3) – 4.0
< 350N/mm2 Cutting
y BORING BAR FOR ALUMINIUM

l/d=3 l/d=4 l/d=5 l/d=6
Work Material Grade Cutting Speed Feed D.O.C. Feed D.O.C. Feed D.O.C. Feed D.O.C.
(m/min)
(mm/rev) (mm) (mm/rev) (mm) (mm/rev) (mm) (mm/rev) (mm)
N
HTi10
400 0.15 – 3.0 0.15 – 3.0 0.1 – 2.5 0.1 – 1.0
(200 – 600) (0.05 – 0.25) (0.05 – 0.25) (0.05 – 0.2) (0.05 – 0.2)
Aluminium Alloy
800 0.15 – 3.0 0.15 – 3.0 0.1 – 2.5 0.1 – 1.0
MD220 (200 – 1500) (0.05 – 0.25) (0.05 – 0.25) (0.0 – 0.2) (0.05 – 0.2)
TECHNICAL
DATA
G005
TECHNICAL DATA
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR TURNING

y TURNING (1)
Insert Grade Cutting Style and Design Machine,

Solution Selection Conditions of the Tool Installation of Tool
Honing strengthens
Improve tool holder rigidity

Installation of the Tool and
Cutting Speed
Corner Radius
Select a grade with better

thermal shock resistance
the cutting edge
Machine with Inadequate

Depth of Cut
Coolant
Select a tougher grade
Lead Angle
Tool Holder Overhang

Select a harder grade
(Unground Ground)
adhesion resistance
Select chip breaker
Power and Rigidity

soluble cutting fluid
Determine dry or
Feed
Do not use water-
Rake
Class of Insert
wet cutting
Workpiece
Fa
Trouble Up Up
ct
or
s
Down Down
Improper
Not in Tolerance
combination of a
required quality of
a Dimensions insert selection
are not
constant
Low rigidity of
a a a a a a a a
workpiece or tool
Deterioration of Cutting Edge
Heavy flank wear a a
a Frequent
adjustments
Improper cutting
a a
condition
Heavy wear, Dull

Deterioration of Surface Finish
a a a a a a a a a
cutting edge Wet
Chipping of cutting a a a a a a a a a
edge
Built-up edge a a a a a a a a a
a Important Wet
criteria for
tool life Improper cutting a a a a
condition Wet
Improper shape of a a a
a
cutting edge or tool
( )
a
Vibration, chattering a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Wet
Generation
a Workpiece over Improper cutting a a a

of Heat
heating can conditions

cause poor ac-
curacy and short Improper shape of a a a a
life of insert cutting edge or tool
Improper cutting
TECHNICAL
a a a
a Steel, Aluminium conditions Wet
DATA
{
Burrs, Chipping etc.
Burrs Heavy wear, Improper

a a a a a a
shape of cutting edge
a Cast
Iron Improper cutting
a a
{ conditions
Workpiece Heavy wear, Improper
Chipping a a a a a a a a a a
Improper cutting a
a a a
a Mild
Steel conditions Wet
{
Burrs Heavy wear, Improper a a a a a
G006
y TURNING (2)
Selection Conditions of the Tool Installation of Tool
Solution
Honing strengthens
Improve tool holder rigidity

Corner Radius
Cutting Speed

the cutting edge

Depth of Cut
Coolant
Lead Angle

(Unground Ground)
adhesion resistance
Select chip breaker
Power and Rigidity

Rake
Feed
Determine dry or
Do not use water-
Class of Insert
wet cutting
Workpiece
Fa
Up Up
Trouble
ct
or
s
Down Down
Flank Wear a a a a a a a
a Heavy Flank Wet
Wear and
Crater Wear Crater Wear a a a a a a a a
Wet
Shock
a Chipping and a a a a a a a a a a
Vibration
Damage at Cutting Edge
Improper grade
a Fracture selection and a a a a a a a a a a a a
cutting conditions
Improper grade
selection, cutting a a a a a a a a a
a Thermal Cracking
conditions and Dry

material hardness
a Deformation of Interrupted cutting, a a a a a a a a a a

Nose Radius High feed rate Wet
Improper material
a Edge build up hardness and a a a a a a a a a
cutting conditions Wet
Poor Chip Dispersal
Improper cutting a a a a
conditions
a Long Swarf
Improper shape of a a a
Improper cutting a a a
a Scattering of conditions
Short Chip Improper shape of a a a
TECHNICAL
DATA
G007
TECHNICAL DATA
REDUCING COSTS
WITH CUTTING TOOLS FOR TURNING
MACHINING COST REDUCTION WITH CUTTING TOOLS
Increased Labour Cost

Increased Productivity
Shortened Working Hours
Improved Finished Surface
Lack of Skilled Workers
Improved Dimensional Accuracy
Increased Cost of Equipment
Economical Tool Prolong Tool Life High Efficiency Cutting Establish Tooling System High Accuracy Un-Manned Machining
Indexable Insert Improve Wear Resistance High Speed Cutting Multiple Cutting Improved Index Accuracy Transfer Machine
M Class Improve Fracture Resistance High Feed Cutting Multiple Insert Insert Adjusting System NC Machine
Improve Welding Resistance Large Depth of Cut Quick Change Clamp Rigidity Special Machine (Exclusive Use)
Wide Application Range Automatic Loading System
Chip Control
Decrease Tool Cost Shorten Actual Cutting Time Shorten Non-Cutting Time
REDUCING COSTS WITH CUTTING TOOLS FOR TURNING
Reduce Machining Cost
CHIP BREAKING CONDITIONS IN STEEL TURNING

Increase Add machinable elements
machinability (Free Cutting Steel)
Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type
of workpiece
Heat treatment
Wet cutting Small Depth
Increase chip Lower cutting speed of Cut
thickness Increase feed rate d < 7mm
Decrease lead angle
Decrease rake angle Large Depth
Chip Breaking
Varying chip Vary feed of Cut
thickness d=7 – 15mm
(Step
self-vibration cutting)
feed
Curl Length l < 50mm Less Than 1

Vary cutting speed No curl l > 50mm i 1 Curl
l 1 – 5 Curl Curl Half a Curl
Decrease chip Pre-groove cutting
a Irregularcontinu- a Regular continu- a Chip scattering
breaking Nicks in cutting edge ous shape ous shape a Chattering
a Tangle around tool a Long chips a Poor finished
Note and workpiece Good Good surface
Awkward chip Reduce breaker width
a Maximum
breaking Add breaker dots to rake face
EFFECTS OF CHIP CONTROL ON PRODUCTIVITY
Cutting
Chip production
TECHNICAL
Good chip control Tool Poor chip control

DATA
NC machine Heavy cutting Chips Chip

Heat radiation High heat
Automatic machine High feed tangled jamming
Workers' Un-manned High efficiency Quality,accuracy Unsafe Lower machine Poor quality
environment efficiency Tool breakage and accuracy
safety machining cutting maintenance
Improve productivity Decrease productivity
G008
EFFECTS OF CUTTING
CONDITIONS FOR TURNING
y EFFECTS OF CUTTING CONDITIONS
Ideal conditions for cutting are short cutting time, long tool life, and high cutting accuracy. In order to obtain these conditions, a
selection of efficient cutting conditions and tools, based on work material, hardness, shape and machine capability is
necessary.
y CUTTING SPEED
Cutting speed effects tool life greatly. Increasing cutting speed increases cutting temperature and results in shortening tool life.
Cutting speed varies depending on the type and hardness of the work material. Selecting a tool grade suitable for the cutting
speed is necessary.
500 Workpiece : DIN Ck45 180HB

UC6010 UE6110 Tool Life Standard : VB = 0.3mm
400 UE6005
Depth of Cut : 1.5mm
Cutting Speed (m/min)
300 AP25N Feed : 0.3mm/rev

UE6020 Holder : PCLNR2525M12
NX2525 Insert : CNMG120408
UE6035
200 Dry Cutting
NX3035
150 US735
UTi20T
100
80
60
10 20 30 40 60 100
Tool Life (min)
EFFECTS OF CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING

P Class Grade Tool Life
500 Workpiece : DIN X5CrNi189 200HB

400 Tool Life Standard : VB = 0.3mm
300 Feed : 0.3mm/rev

Holder : PCLNR2525M12
US7020
Insert : CNMG120408-MA
200 Dry Cutting
150
US735
100 UTi20T
80
60
10 20 30 40 60 100
Tool Life (min)
M Class Grade Tool Life
UC5105 Workpiece : DIN GG30 180HB

Tool Life Standard : VB = 0.3mm
400
UC5115

Holder : PCLNR2525M12
UE6110 Insert : CNMG120408
AP25N Dry Cutting
200
NX2525 HTi10
150
TECHNICAL
DATA
100 UTi20T
80
60
10 20 30 40 60 100
Tool Life (min)
K Class Grade Tool Life
a Effects of Cutting Speed

1. Increasing cutting speed by 20% decreases tool life by 50%. Increasing cutting speed by 50% decreases tool life by 80%.
2. Cutting at low cutting speed (20 – 40m/min) tends to cause chattering. Thus, tool life is shortened.
G009
TECHNICAL DATA
EFFECTS OF CUTTING CONDITIONS
FOR TURNING
y FEED
When cutting with a general holder, feed is the distance a holder moves per workpiece revolution. In milling, feed is the
distance a machine table moves per cutter revolution divided by number of inserts. Thus, it is indicated as feed per tooth. Feed
rate relates to finished surface roughness.
a Effects of Feed 0.4
1. Decreasing feed rate results in flank wear and shortens
Flank Wear (mm)

0.3
tool life.
2. Increasing feed rate increases cutting temperature and 0.2
flank wear. However, effects on the tool life is minimal
compared to cutting speed. 0.1
3. Increasing feed rate improves machining efficiency.
0 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6
Feed (mm/rev)
Cutting Conditions Workpiece : Alloy steel Grade : STi10T
Tool Shape : 0-0-5-5-35-35-0.3mm
Depth of Cut ap=1.0mm Cutting Speed vc=200m/min
Cutting Time Tc=10min
Feed and Flank Wear Relationship in Steel Turning

EFFECTS OF CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING
y DEPTH OF CUT
Depth of cut is determined according to the required stock removal, shape of workpiece, power and rigidity of the machine and
tool rigidity.
0.4
a Effects of Depth of Cut
Flank Wear (mm)
0.3
1. Changing depth of cut doesn't effect tool life greatly.
2. Small depths of cut result in friction when cutting the 0.2
hardened layer of a workpiece. Thus tool life is short- 0.1
ened.
0 0.03 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0
3. When cutting uncut surfaces or cast iron surfaces, the
Depth of Cut (mm)
depth of cut needs to be increased as much as the
Cutting Conditions Workpiece : Alloy steel Grade : STi10T
machine power allows in order to avoid cutting the Tool Shape : 0-0-5-5-35-35-0.3mm
impure hard layer with the tip of cutting edge and Feed f=0.20mm/rev Cutting Speed vc=200m/min
Cutting Time Tc=10min
therefore prevent chipping and abnormal wear.
Depth of Cut and Flank Wear Relationship in Steel Turning
Depth of
Cut
TECHNICAL
Uncut Surface
DATA
Roughing of Surface Layer that Includes Uncut Surface
G010
FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES
FOR TURNING
y RAKE ANGLE
Rake angle is the cutting edge angle that has a large effect on cutting resistance, chip disposal, cutting temperature and tool life.
200
Tool Life
Vertical Force Cutting Speed

Tool Life Standard : VB = 0.4mm
Standard Depth of Cut : 1mm Feed = 0.32mm/rev
140
(m/min)
VB = 0.4
mm
Positive Rake 100 120
Rak
Angle 80
Rak
100
e An
(+ )
e An
Tool Life (min)
Cutting Resistance
gle 1
50 1400
Positive Insert
gle
Rak
Vertical Force
(N)
Depth of Cut : 2mm
5°
6°
1200
e An
Feed : 0.2mm/rev
30 Cutting Speed : 100m/min
gle -
1000
10°
20 Rake Face Mean
600
Temperature
Temperature
Depth of Cut : 2mm
Cutting
(C°)
Cutting Speed : 100m/min
10
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
Negative Rake
Rake Angle (°)
Angle 6
50 100 200 Cutting Conditions
(- )
Cutting Speed (m/min) Workpiece : Alloy steel Grade : STi10T
Negative Tool Shape : 0-Var-5-5-20-20-0.5mm
Insert
Cutting Conditions Dry Cutting
Grade : STi10
Depth of Cut : 1mm Feed : 0.32mm/rev Effects of Rake Angle on
Workpiece : Alloy steel
Cutting Speed, Vertical Force,
FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR TURNING

Chip Disposal and Rake Angle Rake Angle and Tool Life and Cutting Temperature
a Effects of Rake Angle When to Increase Rake Angle When to Increase Rake Angle
1. Increasing rake angle in the positive (+) direction in the Negative (-) Direction in the Positive (+) Direction
improves sharpness. u Hard workpiece. u Soft workpiece.
2. Increasing rake angle by 1° in the positive (+) u When cutting edge strength is u Workpiece is easily machined.
direction decreases cutting power by about 1%. required such as in interrupted u When the workpiece or the
3. Increasing rake angle in the positive (+) direction cutting and uncut surface machine have poor rigidity.
lowers cutting edge strength and in the negative cutting.
(-) direction increases cutting resistance.
y FLANK ANGLE
Flank angle prevents friction between the flank face and workpiece resulting in a smooth feed.
Cu Rake Angle 6°
t
vc ting
0.3 = 2 Spe
00 ed
m/ re
Flank Wear (mm)
0.2 mi ctu
n Fra
Wear Depth Wear Depth $
vc = Flank Angle $
100
0.1
vc
Flank Wear
Flank Wear
=5
0
0.05
Large
Small
TECHNICAL
3° 6° 8° 10° 12° 15° 20°

DATA
(Same)
(Same)
D.O.C.
D.O.C.
%° %° Cutting Conditions Flank Angle ($)

Small Flank Angle Large Flank Angle Workpiece : Alloy steel (200HB)
Grade : STi20 Tool Shape : 0-6-$-$-20-20-0.5mm
Flank angle creates a space between tool and workpiece. Depth of Cut : 1mm Feed : 0.32mm/rev Cutting Time : 20min
Flank angle relates to flank wear. Flank Angle and Flank Wear Relationship
a Effects of Flank Angle When to Decrease Flank Angle When to Increase Flank Angle
1. Increasing flank angle decreases flank wear
u Hard workpieces. u Soft workpieces.
occurrence.
u When cutting edge strength is u Workpieces suffer easily from
2. Increasing flank angle lowers cutting edge required. work hardening.
strength.
G011
TECHNICAL DATA

FOR TURNING
y SIDE CUTTING EDGE ANGLE (LEAD ANGLE)
Side cutting edge angle and corner angle lower impact load and effect feed force, back force, and chip thickness.
80 Workpiece : Alloy steel

Grade : STi120
f = Same f = Same f = Same Depth of Cut : 3mm
5B
60
B
Feed : 0.2mm/rev
1.1
1.04
Dry Cutting
40
B
0.97 0.8 30
h h
Tool Life (min)

7h
B : Chip Width
Side
f : Feed 20
kr = 0° kr = 15° kr = 30° h : Chip Thickness
Cutt
Side
kr : Side Cutting
ing E
Edge Angle
Cutt
Side Cutting Edge Angle and Chip Thickness 10
dge
ing E
8
a Effects of Side Cutting Edge Angle (Lead Angle)
Ang
dge
1. At the same feed rate, increasing the side cutting edge angle increases the chip 6
le 15
Angle
5
contact length and decreases chip thickness. As a result, the cutting force is
°
4
dispersed on a longer cutting edge and tool life is prolonged. (Refer to the chart.)
0°
2. Increasing the side cutting edge angle increases force a'. Thus, thin, long workpieces 3
can suffer from bending. 100 150 200 300
3. Increasing the side cutting edge angle decreases chip control. Cutting Speed (m/min)
4. Increasing the side cutting edge angle decreases the chip thickness and increases
chip width. Thus, breaking the chips is difficult. Side Cutting Edge and Tool Life
When to Decrease Lead Angle When to Increase Lead Angle A a'

A
u Finishing with small depth of u Hard workpieces which a
cut. produce high cutting
u Thin, long workpieces. temperature.
u When the machine has poor u When roughing a large
rigidity. diameter workpiece. Force A is divided
u When the machine has high Receive force A.
into a and a'.
rigidity.
y END CUTTING EDGE ANGLE

End cutting edge angle prevents wear on tool and workpiece surface and
is usually 5° – 15°.
End Cutting
a Effects of End Cutting Edge Angle Edge Angle
1. Decreasing the end cutting edge angle increases cutting edge strength,
but it also increases cutting edge temperature.
2. Decreasing the end cutting edge angle increases the back force and
can result in chattering and vibration while machining.
3. Small end cutting edge angle for roughing and a large angle in finishing
are recommended. Back Relief Angle Side Flank Angle
y CUTTING EDGE INCLINATION

TECHNICAL
DATA
Cutting edge inclination indicates inclination of the rake face. When heavy
cutting, the cutting edge receives an extremely large shock at the
True Rake
beginning of cutting. Cutting edge inclination keeps the cutting edge from Angle
receiving this shock and prevents fracturing. 3° – 5° in turning and (–)
10° – 15° in milling are recommended. Cutting Edge
End Cutting Edge
Inclination
Angle
a Effects of Cutting Edge Inclination Main Cutting Edge
Corner Radius
1. Negative (-) cutting edge inclination disposes chips in the workpiece Side Cutting
direction, and positive (+) disposes chips in the opposite direction. Edge Angle
2. Negative (-) cutting edge inclination increases cutting edge strength,
but it also increases back force of cutting resistance. Thus, chattering
easily occurs.
G012
y HONING AND LAND
Honing Width Honing Width Land Width
Honing and land are cutting edge shapes
that maintain cutting edge strength. R
Honing can be round or chamfer type. The Honing Angle
optimal honing width is approximately 1/2 of

the feed. Round Honing Chamfer Honing Flat Land
Land is the narrow flat area on the rake or
flank face.
Principal Force (N)

5000 100 1700
VB KT
Tool Life (Number of Impacts)
R Honing R Honing
C Honing 1600
C Honing
50
1500
Tool Life (min)
1000
1400
500 1400
20
Feed Force (N)

900
10 800
100

0 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 700
Honing Size (mm) 5
0 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 600
Workpiece : Alloy steel (280HB) Honing Size (mm) 800
Grade : P10 Workpiece : Alloy steel (220HB)
Back Force (N)
Cutting Conditions : vc=200m/min ap=1.5mm R Honing

Grade : P10 700
f=0.335mm/rev C Honing
Cutting Conditions : vc=160m/min ap=1.5mm
f=0.45mm/rev 600
Honing Size and Tool Life Honing Size and Tool Life 500
Due to Fracturing Due to Wear 400

0 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5
Honing Size (mm)
Workpiece : Alloy steel (220HB)
Grade : P10
Cutting Conditions : vc=100m/min ap=1.5mm
f=0.425mm/rev
Honing Size and Cutting Resistance
a Effects of Honing
1. Enlarging the honing increases cutting edge strength, tool life and reduces fracturing.
2. Enlarging the honing increases flank wear occurrence and shortens tool life. Honing size doesn't affect rake wear.
3. Enlarging the honing increases cutting resistance and chattering.
TECHNICAL
DATA
When to Decrease Honing Size When to Increase Honing Size

u When finishing with small depth u Hard workpieces.
of cut and small feed. u When the cutting edge strength
u Soft workpieces. is required such as for uncut
u When the workpiece and the surface cutting and interrupted
machine have poor rigidity. cutting.
u When the machine has high
rigidity.
*Cemented carbide, UTi, coated diamond and indexable cermet inserts have round honing as standard already.
G013
TECHNICAL DATA

FOR TURNING
y RADIUS 40
Feed (mm/rev)
Radius effects the cutting edge strength and finished
Finished Surface (!)

0.075
surface. In general, a corner radius 2 – 3 times the 0.106
30
feed is recommended. 0.150
Roughness (h) 0.212
h = Small 20 0.300
Large Corner
Radius
10
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0

Corner Radius (mm)
Roughness (h) Workpiece : Alloy steel (200HB)
h = Large Grade : P20
Small Corner Cutting Speed : vc=120m/min ap=0.5mm
Radius
Corner Radius and Finished Surface
Crater Wear Depth (mm)

Flank Wear Width (mm)
Tool Life (Number of Impacts)
Flank Wear
0.4 Crater Wear 0.08
2000 (Crater Depth)
Workpiece : Alloy steel 0.2 0.04 Workpiece : Alloy steel

(280HB) (200HB)
1000
Grade : P10 Grade : P10
Cutting 0 0 Cutting
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Conditions : vc=140m/min
Conditions : vc=100m/min
ap=2mm Corner Radius (mm) ap=2mm

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
f=0.335mm/rev f=0.212mm/rev
Corner Radius (mm) Tc=10min
Corner Radius Size and Tool Life Due to Fracturing Corner Radius Size and Tool Wear
a Effects of Corner Radius When to Decrease Corner Radius When to Increase Corner Radius
1. Increasing the corner radius improves the
surface finish. u Finishing with small depth of cut. u When the cutting edge
2. Increasing the corner radius improves cutting u Thin, long workpieces. strength is required such as in
edge strength. u When the machine has poor interrupted cutting and uncut
3. Increasing the corner radius too much increases rigidity. surface cutting.
the cutting resistance and causes chattering. u When roughing a workpiece
4. Increasing the corner radius decreases flank and
with large diameter.
rake wear.
5. Increasing the corner radius too much results in u When the machine has high
poor chip control. rigidity.
a Corner Radius and Chip Control Range a Cutting Speed and Chip Control Range
: Cutting Speed vc=50m/min
0.6
1.8 : Cutting Speed vc=100m/min
0.6
: Cutting Speed vc=150m/min
0.2 0.5
E E
R1
0.5
Cutting Speed (m/mim)
15° 50
Feed (mm/rev)
D 0.4
Feed (mm/rev)
TECHNICAL
C 100
DATA
0.4 150
0.3 D
B Workpiece : DIN Ck45 (180HB)
C
Insert : TNGG160404R B
0.3 150
A TNGG160408R 100
0.2
TNGG160412R
: 0.4R(TNGG160404R) (STi10T)
0.2 50
Holder : ETJNR33K16 0.1
: 0.8R(TNGG160408R)
(Side Cutting Edge angle 3°) A
: 1.2R(TNGG160412R)
Cutting Speed : vc=100m/min
0.1
1 2 3 4 5 Dry Cutting 1 2 3 4 5
Depth of Cut (mm) Depth of Cut (mm)
(Note) Please refer to page G008 for chip shapes (A, B, C, D, E).
G014
FORMULAE FOR CUTTING POWER
y CUTTING POWER (Pc)
Pc (kW) : Actual Cutting Power ap (mm) : Depth of Cut

ap • f • vc • Kc
Pc = (kW) f (mm/rev) : Feed per Revolution vc (m/min) : Cutting Speed
60×103×( Kc (N/mm2) : Specific Cutting Force ( : (Machine Coefficient)
(Problem) What is the cutting power required for machining mild steel (Answer) Substitute the specific cutting force
at cutting speed 120m/min with depth of cut 3mm and feed Kc=3100MPa into the formula.
0.2mm/rev (Machine coefficient 80%) ?
Pc = 3×0.2×120×3100 = 4.65 (kW)
a Kc 60×103×0.8
Tensile Strength (N/mm2) Specific Cutting Force Kc (N/mm2)
Work Material
and Hardness 0.1 (mm/rev) 0.2 (mm/rev) 0.3 (mm/rev) 0.4 (mm/rev) 0.6 (mm/rev)
Mild Steel 520 3610 3100 2720 2500 2280
Medium Steel 620 3080 2700 2570 2450 2300
Hard Steel 720 4050 3600 3250 2950 2640
Tool Steel 670 3040 2800 2630 2500 2400
Tool Steel 770 3150 2850 2620 2450 2340
Chrome Manganese Steel 770 3830 3250 2900 2650 2400
Chrome Molybdenum Steel 730 4500 3900 3400 3150 2850
Nickel Chrome Molybdenum Steel 900 3070 2650 2350 2200 1980
Nickel Chrome Molybdenum Steel 352HB 3310 2900 2580 2400 2200
Hard Cast Iron 46HRC 3190 2800 2600 2450 2270
Meehanite Cast Iron 360 2300 1930 1730 1600 1450
Grey Cast Iron 200HB 2110 1800 1600 1400 1330
y CUTTING SPEED (vc) y FEED ( f )
vc (m/min) : Cutting Speed f (mm/rev) : Feed per Revolution

)•Dm• n Dm (mm) : Workpiece Diameter
l I (mm/min) : Cutting Length per Min.
vc = (m/min) f= (mm/rev)
) (3.14) : Pi n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed
1000 n
n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed
*(Problem
Divide by 1,000 to change to m from mm. (Problem) What is the feed per revolution when main axis spindle speed is
FORMULAE FOR CUTTING POWER

) What is the cutting speed when main axis spindle speed is 500min-1 and cutting length per minute is 120mm/min ?
700min and external diameter is & 50 ?
-1
(Answer) Substitute n=500, I=120 into the formula.
(Answer) Substitute ) = 3.14, Dm = 50, n = 700 into the formula.
f = l = 120 = 0.24mm/rev
vc = ) • Dm • n = 3.14×50×700 = 110m/min n 500
l
1000 1000 The answer is 0.24mm/rev.
Cutting speed is 110m/min. f
vc
n n
øDm
y CUTTING TIME (Tc) y THEORETICAL FINISHED SURFACE ROUGHNESS (h)
Tc (min) : Cutting Time h (!m) : Finished Surface

Im Im (mm) : Workpiece Length f2 Roughness
Tc= (min) I (mm/min) : Cutting Length per Min. h= ×1000(!m) f (mm/rev) : Feed per Revolution
l 8Re Re (mm) : Insert Corner Radius
TECHNICAL
(Problem) What is the cutting time when 100mm workpiece is machined at (Problem) What is the theoretical finished surface roughness when the insert
DATA
1000min-1 with feed = 0.2mm/rev ? corner radius is 0.8mm and feed is 0.2mm/rev ?
(Answer) First, calculate the cutting length per min. from the feed and spindle speed. (Answer) Substitute f=0.2mm/rev, R=0.8 into the formula.
0.22
I = f×n = 0.2×1000 = 200mm/min h= ×1000 = 6.25!m
Substitute the answer above into the formula.
8×0.8
The theoretical finished surface roughness is 6!m.
Tc = Im = 100 = 0.5min
l 200
0.5 x 60=30 (sec.) The answer is 30 sec.
Roughness (h) Roughness (h)

h = Small h = Large
Large Small
Corner Radius Corner Radius
G015
TECHNICAL DATA

FOR FACE MILLING
Work Material Depth Feed Recommended Cutting Speed and Grades Recommended
of Cut Coolant Cutter Problem/Condition Countermeasure
(mm) (mm/rev) 100 200 300 400
VP15TF
Cutting Cutting Cutting Cutting Cutting Cutting Cutting Cutting
a Easy to fracture. JM Breaker

Medium Light Medium Light Medium Light Medium Light
0.2
13 Dry (JL) ASX445 a Finishing Wiper Insert
< (0.1 0.3)
250 (200 300)
180
HB 0.2
F7030 a Easy to fracture. JH Breaker
25 Dry (JM) ASX445
(0.1 0.3)
280 (210 350)
Mild Steel
0.2
VP15TF a Rapid wear occurrence F7030
180 13 Dry (JL) ASX445 and short tool life.
Carbon (0.1 0.3)
220 (170 270)

Steel
280
0.2 F7030 a Easy to fracture. JH Breaker
Alloy HB 25 Dry (JM) ASX445
(0.1 0.3)
Steel 250 (190 310)
0.2
VP15TF
280 < 1.0 Dry (JL) ASX445
(0.1 0.3)
140 (100 180)

350
0.2
F7030 a Rapid wear occurrence Lower cutting speed.
RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR FACE MILLING
HB 15 Dry (JM) ASX445 and short tool life.

(0.1 0.3)
220 (170 270)
0.2
VP15TF a Easy to fracture. VP30RT
< 1.0 Dry (JL) ASX445
Austenitic < (0.1 0.3)
220 (170 270)
Stainless 270
Steel HB 0.2
VP30RT a Easy to fracture. JH Breaker
15 Dry (JM) ASX445
(0.1 0.3)
200 (150 250)
High 0.2 F7030 a Easy to fracture. JH Breaker
Manganese 200HB 14 Dry (JM) ASX445 a Finishing NX4545 (ap < 0.5)
(0.1 0.3)
Steel 130 (100 150)
Pure 0.2 VP15TF a Rapid wear occurrence VP15TF JL Breaker

< 200HB 14 Oil (JP) ASX445 and short tool life.
Titanium (0.1 0.3)
130 (120 140)
HTi10 a Rapid wear occurrence UP20H
Titanium < 350HB 13
0.2
Oil and short tool life.
SG20
Alloy (0.1 0.3) a Second recommendation. ASX445
40 (30 60)
HTi10 a Second recommendation. ASX445
Nickel Base Alloy 13
0.2
Oil SG20
(Inconel, Waspalloy) (0.1 0.3)
30 (20 40)
HTi10 a Rapid wear occurrence vc=15 25m/min
0.2 and short tool life.
Stellite < 35HRC 13 Dry SG20 a Easy to fracture. Lower depth of cut and feed.
(0.1 0.3)
40 (10 70) a Second recommendation. ASX445
VP15TF a Rapid wear occurrence Lower cutting speed.
Die Steel 250 0.2 (JM) and short tool life.
14 Dry ASX445 a Easy to fracture. JH Breaker
280HB (0.1 0.3)
80 (60 100) a Finishing NX4545 (ap < 0.5)
High
VP15TF a Easy to fracture. Lower cutting speed.
Speed 50 0.1
13 Dry (JH) ASX445
Steel 60HRC (0.05 0.2)
60 (40 80)
Gray
<
0.2 F5020 a Easy to fracture. FT Breaker
350 15 Dry (JM) ASX445
Cast Iron N/mm2 (0.1 0.3)
200 (150 250)
<
0.2
F5020 a Ineffective work conditions. VP15TF
450 15 Dry (JM) ASX445 a Easy to fracture. FT Breaker
(0.1 0.3)
TECHNICAL
N/mm2 200 (150 250)

Ductile
DATA
Cast Iron 500 F5020 a Ineffective work conditions. VP15TF

0.2 FT Breaker
800 15 Dry (JM) ASX445 a Easy to fracture.
N/mm2 (0.1 0.3)
150 (100 200)
0.2
VP15TF a Rapid wear occurrence Lower cutting speed.
Malleable Iron 15 Dry (JM) ASX445 and short tool life.
(0.1 0.3)
80 (50 100)
0.2
HTi10
Copper Alloy 15 Mist (JP) ASX445
(0.1 0.3)
300 (200 400)
500 1000 a Finishing V 10000 Type
0.2 Water
15 Face Milling Cutter.
Aluminium Alloy (0.1 0.3)
Soluble HTi10 ASX445
Grade : MD220
Oil (JP) 650 (300 1000) vc > 1000
"JL, JM, JP and JH" indicates the chip breaker code.
G016
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR MILLING
y MILLING

Selection Conditions of the Tool Installation of Tool
Solution
Number of Teeth
Honing strengthens
Shape of Minor Cutting Edge

Cutting Speed

Corner Angle

the cutting edge
Coolant
Depth of Cut

adhesion resistance
Cutter diameter and
Power and Rigidity

Wider Chip Pocket
Rake
Determine dry or
Feed
Do not use water-
Cutter Run-Out
Cutter Rigidity
width of cut
wet cutting
Workpiece
Fa
Up Up
ct
Trouble
ors
Down Down
Improper cutting a a
a Extreme conditions Wet
Flank Wear Improper shape
a a a a
of cutting edge
conditions Wet
a Extreme
Cratering Improper shape a a a a
of cutting edge
a Chipping and conditions
Fracturing of
Cutting Edge Improper shape a a a a a a a a a
of cutting edge
a Cracking and Improper cutting a a a a a

Fracturing due conditions Dry
to Thermal Improper shape
Shock a a a
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR MILLING

of cutting edge
a Edge conditions Wet
Build-up Improper shape a a a
of cutting edge
a Poor Finished Edge wear a

a a a a a a a a a
Surface cutter run-out Wet ( Wiper
Insert )
a Burrs, conditions
Tolerance
Chipping Improper shape a a a a

of cutting edge
a Workpiece conditions
Edge
Chipping Improper shape a a a a a a
of cutting edge
TECHNICAL
a Not Parallel Low stiffness

DATA
or Irregular of tool or a a a a a a a a a a a
Surface workpiece
Severe cutting
a Vibration, conditions, a a a a a a a a a a a a
Chattering workpiece not
Others
rigid
Improper cutting
a Poor Chip Dis- a a a a
persal, Chip conditions ( )
Jamming and Improper shape
Chip Packing of cutting edge a a a
G017
TECHNICAL DATA

FOR FACE MILLING
y FUNCTION OF EACH CUTTING EDGE
ANGLE IN FACE MILLING Type of Angle Symbol Function Effect
Determines chip Positive :
Axial Rake Angle A.R disposal direction. Excellent machinability.
Corner Angle
(CH) Axial Rake Angle Determines Negative :
Radial Rake Angle R.R sharpness. Excellent chip disposal.
Lead (A.R)
Angle Determines Large : Thin chips and small
(EH) Corner Angle chip cutting impact.
CH
thickness. Large back force.
Sub Cutting Edge Main Cutting Edge
Cutting Edge Positive (large) :
True Rake Angle (T) Inclination Excellent machinability.
Determines Minimal welding.
(I) True Rake Angle T actual Negative (large) :
sharpness. Poor machinability.
Radial Rake Angle (R.R) Strong cutting edge.
Determines Positive (large) :
Cutting Edge chip disposal Excellent chip disposal.
Each Cutting Edge Angle in Face Milling I
Inclination direction. Low cutting edge strength.
y STANDARD INSERTS
a Positive and Negative Rake Angle a Standard Cutting Edge Shape
(+) Axial Rake Angle (-) Axial Rake Angle (+) Axial Rake Angle
Negative Neutral Positive
FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR FACE MILLING
Rake Angle Rake Angle Rake Angle

(-) 0° (+)
Standard Cutting
Edge Combinations Radial Rake Angle Radial Rake Angle Radial Rake Angle
(+) (-) (-)
Double Positive Double Negative Negative/Positive

(DP Edge Type) (DN Edge Type) (NP Edge Type)
· Insert shape whose cutting edge Axial Rake Angle (A.R.) Positive ( + ) Negative ( – ) Positive ( + )
precedes is a positive rake angle.
Radial Rake Angle (R.R.) Positive ( + ) Negative ( – ) Negative ( – )
· Insert shape whose cutting edge
follows is a negative rake angle. Insert Used Positive Insert (One Sided Use) Negative Insert (Double Sided Use) Positive Insert (One Sided Use)
Steel a – a
Work Material
Cast Iron – a a
Aluminium Alloy a – –
Difficult-to-Cut Material a – a
y CORNER ANGLE (CH) AND CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS

SE300 Type SE415 Type SE445 Type
400 Type 515 Type 545 Type
3000 Corner Angle The largest back force.
Cutting Resistance (N)
Corner Angle : 0° Corner Angle : 15° Corner Angle : 45°

Bends thin workpieces and lowers
2500
2000
Principal
Force
Principal
Force
Principal
Force
45° cutting accuracy.
Prevents workpiece edge chipping
1500 *when cast iron cutting.
Corner Angle 45°
1000 Feed Force Feed Force Feed Force
500 Back Force

0.1 0.2 0.3 Back Force
0 Corner Angle Back force is in the minus
TECHNICAL
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3

Back Force
-500 direction. Lifts the workpiece when
DATA
fz (mm/tooth) fz (mm/tooth)
Workpiece : DIN 41CrMo4 (281HB)
Tool : ø125mm Single Insert
fz (mm/tooth)
0° workpiece clamp rigidity is low.
Cutting Conditions : vc=125.6m/min ap=4mm ae=110mm
Corner Angle 0°
Cutting Resistance Comparison between
Different Insert Shapes Corner Angle Corner angle 15° is recommended
Back Force for face milling of workpieces with
Principal Force
15° low rigidity such as thin workpieces.
Feed Force ae
Corner Angle 15°
ap
Table Feed
* Principal force : Force is in the opposite direction of face milling rotation.
Back force : Force that pushes in the axial direction.
Three Cutting Resistance Forces in Milling * Feed force : Force is in the feed direction and is caused by table feed.
*
G018
y FINISHED SURFACE
a Cutting Edge Run-out Accuracy
Cutting edge run-out accuracy of indexable inserts on the cutter body greatly affects
the surface finish and tool life.
Minor Cutting Edge
< 0.03mm Chipping Due to Vibration
Large
Poor Finished Surface Shorten Tool Life
Peripheral Rapid Wear Growth
Cutting Edge
Run-out
< 0.05mm Small Good Finished Surface Stable Tool Life
Face Milling Run-out Accuracy

Minor Cutting Edge < 0.03mm
Peripheral Cutting Edge < 0.05mm
Cutting Edge Run-out and

Accuracy in Face Milling
a Improve Finished Surface Roughness
FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR FACE MILLING

Since Mitsubishi Materials' normal sub cutting edge width is 1.4mm, and the sub
cutting edges are set parallel to the face of a milling cutter, theoretically the finished
surface accuracy should be maintained even if run-out accuracy is low.
D.O.C.
0.1mm
Actual Problems Countermeasure

Table Feed · Cutting edge Wiper Insert

0.03
Wiper Insert
run-out. Standard Insert
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Cutting Edge No.
· Sub cutting edge
inclination.
* Machine a surface
that has already
fz been machined
f · Milling cutter body
accuracy. with normal inserts · Replace one or two normal inserts
fz : Feed per Tooth · Spare parts in order to produce
with wiper inserts.
f : Feed per Revolution accuracy. a smooth finished
surface. · Wiper inserts are set to protrude by
· Welding, vibration,
Sub Cutting Edge Run-out 0.03 0.1mm from the standard
chattering.
and Finished Surface inserts.
a How to Set a Wiper Insert
· Sub cutting edge length has to be longer than

the feed per revolution.
Too long sub cutting edge causes chattering.
Body
Locator
Body
Locator
Body
Locator *· When the cutter diameter is large and feed per
revolution is longer than the sub cutting edge of
the wiper insert, use two or three wiper inserts.
TECHNICAL
DATA
· When using more than 1 wiper insert, run-out

needs to be eliminated.
(a) One Corner Type (b) Two Corner Type (c) Two Corner Type · Use a high hardness grade (high wear
resistance) for wiper inserts.
Replace normal insert. Replace normal insert. Use locator for
wiper insert.
G019
TECHNICAL DATA
FORMULAE FOR MILLING

y CUTTING SPEED (vc)
vc = ) • D1 •n vc (m/min) : Cutting Speed D1 (mm) : Cutter Diameter

(m/min) ) (3.14) : Pi n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed
1000
*Divide by 1,000 to change to m from mm. (Problem) What is the cutting speed when the main axis spindle speed is
350min-1 and the cutter diameter is &125 ?
(Answer) Substitute )=3.14, D1=125, n=350 into the formula.
n
vc = )• D 1• n = 3.14×125×350 = 137.4m/min
1000 1000
The cutting speed is 137.4m/min.
øD1
y FEED PER TOOTH (fz)
vf fz (mm/tooth) : Feed per Tooth z : Insert Number

fz = (mm/tooth) vf (mm/min) : Table Feed per Min.
z•n n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed (Feed per Revolution f = z x fz)
(Problem) What is the feed per tooth when the main axis spindle speed is
500min-1, insert number is 10, and the table feed is 500mm/min ?
Feed
(Answer) Substitute the above figures into the formula.
Direction
fz = vf = 500 = 0.1mm/tooth
z×n 10×500
Wiper Edge Angle The answer is 0.1mm/tooth.
Tooth Mark
Feed per Tooth (fz)
y TABLE FEED (vf)
vf (mm/min) : Table Feed per Min. z : Insert Number

vf = fz •z • n (mm/min) fz (mm/tooth) : Feed per Tooth
n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed
(Problem) What is the table feed when feed per tooth is 0.1mm/tooth, insert
number is 10, and the main axis spindle speed is 500min-1?
(Answer) Substitute the above figures into the formula.
n vf = fz×z×n = 0.1×10×500 = 500mm/min

The table feed is 500mm/min.
y CUTTING TIME (Tc)
L Tc (min) : Cutting Time

Tc = (min) vf (mm/min) : Table Feed per Min.
vf L (mm) : Total Table Feed Length (Workpiece Length: l+Cutter Diameter : D1)
TECHNICAL
(Problem) What is the cutting time required for finishing 100mm width and 300mm
DATA
length surface of a cast iron (GG20) block when the cutter diameter
is &200, the number of inserts is 16, the cutting speed is 125m/min,
and feed per tooth is 0.25mm. (spindle speed is 200min-1)
øD1
I
(Answer) Calculate table feed per min vf=0.25×16×200=800mm/min
L
Calculate total table feed length. L=300+200=500mm
Substitute the above answers into the formula.
Tc = 500 = 0.625 (min)
800
0.625×60=37.5 (sec). The answer is 37.5 sec.
G020
y CUTTING POWER (Pc)
ap • ae •vf •Kc Pc (kW) : Actual Cutting Power ap (mm) : Depth of Cut

Pc = ae (mm) : Cutting Width vf (mm/min) : Table Feed per Min.
60×106×( Kc (N/mm2) : Specific Cutting Force ( : (Machine Coefficient)
(Problem) What is the cutting power required for (Answer) First, calculate the spindle speed in order to obtain the feed per tooth.
milling tool steel at a cutting speed of
n = 1000vc = 1000×80 = 101.91min-1
80m/min. With depth of cut 2mm, cutting ) D1 3.14×250
width 80mm, and table feed 280mm/min Feed per Tooth fz = vf = 280 = 0.228mm/tooth
z×n 12×101.9
by & 250 cutter with 12 inserts. Machine
coefficient 80%. Substitute the specific cutting force into the formula.
Pc = 2×80×280×1800 = 1.68 kW
60×106×0.8
a Kc
Tensile Strength (N/mm2) Specific Cutting Force Kc (N/mm2)
Work Material
and Hardness 0.1mm/tooth 0.2mm/tooth 0.3mm/tooth 0.4mm/tooth 0.6mm/tooth
Mild Steel 520 2200 1950 1820 1700 1580
Medium Steel 620 1980 1800 1730 1600 1570
Hard Steel 720 2520 2200 2040 1850 1740
Tool Steel 670 1980 1800 1730 1700 1600
Tool Steel 770 2030 1800 1750 1700 1580
Nickel Chrome Molybdenum Steel 940 2000 1800 1680 1600 1500
Nickel Chrome Molybdenum Steel 352HB 2100 1900 1760 1700 1530
Cast Iron 520 2800 2500 2320 2200 2040

Hard Cast Iron 46HRC 3000 2700 2500 2400 2200
Meehanite Cast Iron 360 2180 2000 1750 1600 1470
Grey Cast Iron 200HB 1750 1400 1240 1050 970
Brass 500 1150 950 800 700 630
Light Alloy (Al-Mg) 160 580 480 400 350 320
Light Alloy (Al-Si) 200 700 600 490 450 390

TECHNICAL
DATA
G021
TECHNICAL DATA
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR END MILLING

y END MILLING
Insert Grade Style and Design Machine,

Cutting Conditions
Selection of the Tool Installation of Tool
Solution
Spindle Collet Run-out Accuracy
Increase chuck clamping power

Collet Inspection and Exchange
Cutting Speed
Insert Number
Tool Installation Accuracy
Machine Stability, Rigidity

Tool Diameter
Depth of Cut
Coolant
Helix Angle
Shorten tool overhang

Determine dry or
Feed
Increase coolant
Do not use water-

Coated Tool
wet cutting
Down Cut
Up Up
quantity
Trouble
Down Down
Damage on a a a a a a a
a End mill Breakage
the Body
a Rapid
Cutting Down
a a a a a
Edge Wear Cut
Damage at a Chipping a a a Down a a a a a

Cutting Edge Cut Dry
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR END MILLING
a Chip Welding a a a a
Wet
a PoorFinished a a a a a a
Surface Wet
a Waviness a a a a a a a
a a Up a a a a a
Tolerance a Out of Vertical Cut
a Burr,
Workpiece a a a
Chipping
a Chattering a a a a a a a a a
Chip Control a Poor Chip Disposal a a a a
(1) When the cutting wear is over the maximum, fracturing of the endmill or deterioration of the surface
accuracy can occur. In such cases, early re-grinding is recommended.
Others (2) It is effective in solving all problems to minimize the length of a cutting edge or to employ higher
TECHNICAL
rigidity with no deflection.

DATA
G022
PITCH SELECTION OF PICK FEED
y PICK FEED MILLING (CONTOURING) WITH BALL NOSE END MILLS AND END MILLS WITH CORNER RADII
End mill
P
h= R 1– cos sin-1 ( )
2R
h
R
R : Radius of Ball Nose, Corner Radius

P : Pick Feed
P
h : Cusp Height
y CORNER R OF END MILLS AND CUSP HEIGHT BY PICK FEED Unit : mm

P
Pitch of Pick Feed (P)
R 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
0.5 0.003 0.010 0.023 0.042 0.067 0.100 – – – –
1 0.001 0.005 0.011 0.020 0.032 0.046 0.063 0.083 0.107 –
1.5 0.001 0.003 0.008 0.013 0.021 0.030 0.041 0.054 0.069 0.086
2 0.001 0.003 0.006 0.010 0.016 0.023 0.031 0.040 0.051 0.064
2.5 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.008 0.013 0.018 0.025 0.032 0.041 0.051
3 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.042
4 0.001 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.011 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.031
PITCH SELECTION OF PICK FEED

5 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.009 0.012 0.016 0.020 0.025
6 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.008 0.010 0.013 0.017 0.021
8 0.001 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.013 0.016
10 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.013
12.5 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.008 0.010
P
Pitch of Pick Feed (P)
R 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
0.5 – – – – – – – – – –
1 – – – – – – – – – –
1.5 0.104 – – – – – – – – –
2 0.077 0.092 0.109 – – – – – – –
TECHNICAL
DATA
2.5 0.061 0.073 0.086 0.100 – – – – – –

3 0.051 0.061 0.071 0.083 0.095 0.109 – – – –
4 0.038 0.045 0.053 0.062 0.071 0.081 0.091 0.103 – –
5 0.030 0.036 0.042 0.049 0.057 0.064 0.073 0.082 0.091 0.101
6 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.041 0.047 0.054 0.061 0.068 0.076 0.084
8 0.019 0.023 0.026 0.031 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.051 0.057 0.063
10 0.015 0.018 0.021 0.025 0.028 0.032 0.036 0.041 0.045 0.050
12.5 0.012 0.014 0.017 0.020 0.023 0.026 0.029 0.032 0.036 0.040
G023
TECHNICAL DATA
END MILL FEATURES AND SPECIFICATION

y NOMENCLATURE
Run-out Neck
Flute Shank
Diameter Shank diameter
Length of cut
Overall length
Land width Corner Concavity angle of end cutting edge
End cutting edge Peripheral cutting edge

Primary clearance land
End gash
Radial primary clearance angle
Radial secondary Axial rake angle
clearance angle
Helix angle
Radial rake angle
Axial primary relief angle
Axial secondary clearance angle

y NUMBER OF FLUTES OF END MILL
25% 15% 10%
Comparison of Sectional Shape Area of Chip Pocket

TECHNICAL
Features of Flute and Chip Pocket

DATA
2-flutes 3-flutes 4-flutes

Advantage
Chip disposability is excellent. Chip disposability is excellent.

High rigidity
Feature
Drillng is easy. Suitable for sinking.

Fault
Low rigidity Diameter is not measured easily. Chip disposability is bad.
Slotting, side milling, sinking. Slotting, side milling Shallow slotting, side milling
Usage
Wide range of use. Heavy cutting, finishing Finishing
G024
y TYPE AND GEOMETRY
(1) Peripheral Cutting Edge
Type Shape Feature
Regular flute geometry as shown is most commonly used for roughing

and finishing of side milling, slotting and shoulder milling.
Ordinary Flute
A tapered flute geometry is used for special applications such as

mould drafts and for applying taper angles after conventional straight
Tapered Flute edged milling.
Roughing type geometry has a wave like edge form and breaks the
material into small chips. Additionally the cutting resistance is low
Roughing Flute enabling high feed rates when roughing. The inside face of the flute is
suitable for regrinding.
Special form geometry as shown is used for producing corner radii on

components. There are an infinite number of different geometries that
Formed Flute can be manufactured using such style of cutters.
(2) End Cutting Edge
Type Shape Feature
Generally used for side milling, slotting and shoulder milling. Plunge

Square End cutting is not possible due to the centre hole that is used to ensure
(With Centre Hole) accurate grinding and regrinding of the tool.
Generally used for side milling, slotting and shoulder milling. Plunge
Square End cutting is possible and greater plunge cutting efficiency is obtained
(Centre Cut) when using fewer flutes. Regrinding on the flank face can be done.
Geometry completely suited for curved surface milling. At the extreme

end point the chip pocket is very small leading to inefficient chip
Ball End
evacuation.
Used for radius profiling and corner radius milling. When pick feed
milling an end mill with a large diameter and small corner radius can
Corner Radius End
be efficiently used.
(3) Shank And Neck Parts
Type Shape Feature
Standard Most widely used type.

(Straight Shank)
TECHNICAL
DATA
Long shank type for deep pocket and shoulder applications.

Long Shank
Long neck geometry can be used for deep slotting and is also suitable
Long Neck for boring.
Long taper neck features are best utilised on deep slotting and mould
Taper Neck draft applications.
G025
TECHNICAL DATA
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR DRILLING

y DRILLING
Machine,
Cutting Conditions Style and Design of the Tool Installation of Tool
Core Thickness
Workpiece installed securely

Lower feed at initial cutting
Groove Length
Solution
Body Diameter
Lower feed when breaking
Machine Stability, Rigidity

Cutting Speed
Tool installation accuracy

Honing Width
Coolant
Flank Angle
Point Angle
Land Width
(Overhang)
Back Taper
Shorten tool overhang
Flat workpiece face

Increase oil ratio
Increase coolant
Feed
Increase volume
Step feed
pressure
Up Up
through
Trouble
Down Down
Damage on
the Body
a Drill Breakage a a a a
a Abnormal Scratches a a a
on the Body
a Chisel Edge Fracture a a a
a Shoulder Fracture a a a
a Chipping a a a a a
a Thermal Crack a a a a a a a
a Flaking along land a a

TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR DRILLING
a Abnormal Wear a a a a
along land
a Abnormal Wear a a a
at Centre
a Chip Jamming a a a a a a
a a a a
Chip
a Long Chips
a Chip Discoloration a a
a Large Over Size a a a a a a
a PoorSurface a a a a a a a
Roughness
Hole Accuracy
TECHNICAL
DATA
a Poor Roundness a a a a a a a
a Bent, not Vertical a a a a a a a
a Burring a a a a
a a a a a a
Others
a Chattering, Vibration
a Abnormal Noise a a a
G026
FORMULAE FOR DRILLING
y CUTTING SPEED (vc)
vc = )• D1 • n vc (m/min) : Cutting Speed D1 (mm) : Drill Diameter

(m/min) ) (3.14) : Pi n (min-1) : Rotational Speed of the Main Spindle
1000
*Unit transformation (fromn "mm" to "m") (Problem) What is the cutting speed when the main axis spindle speed is 1350min-1
and drill diameter is 12mm ?
(Answer) Substitute )=3.14, D1=12, n=1350 into the formula
vc = )•D1• n = 3.14×12×1350 = 50.9m/min

1000 1000
The cutting speed is 50.9m/min.
øD1
y FEED OF THE MAIN SPINDLE (vf)
vf (mm/min) : Feed Speed of the Main Spindle (Z axis)

vf = f• n (mm/min) f (mm/rev) : Feed per Revolution
n (min-1) : Rotational Speed of the Main Spindle
(Problem) What is the spindle feed (vf) when the feed per revolution is 0.2mm/rev
vf n and the main axis spindle speed is 1350min-1 ?
(Answer) Substitute f=0.2, n=1350 into the formula
vf = f×n = 0.2×1350 = 270mm/min
The spindle feed is 270mm/min.
y DRILLING TIME (Tc)

(Problem) What is the drilling time required for drilling a 30mm
Tc (min) : Drilling Time
FORMULAE FOR DRILLING

Id • i n (min-1) : Spindle Speed length hole in alloy steel at a cutting speed of 50m/min
Tc = ld (mm) : Hole Depth and a feed 0.15mm/rev ?
n •f f (mm/rev) : Feed per Revolution
i : Number of Holes 50×1000
(Answer) Spindle Speed n= = 1061.57min-1
15×3.14
30×1 = 0.188
Tc =
n 1061.57×0.15
= 0.188×60i11.3 sec
ld
TECHNICAL
DATA
G027
TECHNICAL DATA
DRILL FEATURES AND SPECIFICATION

y NOMENCLATURE
Straight shank with tang

Height of point
Clearance angle
Body
Lead
Neck Taper shank Tang
Flank Helix angle
diameter
Drill
Axis
Outer corner Point angle
Flute length Shank length
Overall length
Neck length
Margin width
Depth of body clearance
Margin Body clearance
Chisel edge angle
Flute
Flute width
Cutting edge
Land width
y SHAPE SPECIFICATION AND CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS

It is the inclination of the flute with respect to the axial direction of a drill, which corresponds to the rake angle of a
bit. The rake angle of a drill differs according to the position of the cutting edge, and it decreases greatly as the
Helix Angle circumference approaches the centre.
High-hardness material Small Rake angle Large Soft material (Aluminium, etc.)
Flute Length It is determined by depth of hole, bush length, and regrinding allowance. Since the influence on the tool life is
great, it is necessary to minimize it as much as possible.
In general, the angle is 118°, which is set according to applications.

Point Angle Soft material with good machinability Small Point angle Large For hard material and
high-efficiency machining
It is an important element that determines the rigidity and chip breaking performance of a drill. The web thickness
is set according to applications.
Large cutting resistance
Web Thickness Small cutting resistance
High rigidity
Low rigidity
Thin Web thickness Thick Poor chip raking performance
Good chip raking performance
High-hardness material,
Machinable material
cross hole drilling, etc.
TECHNICAL
The tip determines the drill diameter and functions as a drill guide during drilling. The margin width is determined
DATA
Margin in consideration of friction with a drilled hole.
Poor guiding performance Small Margin width Large Good guiding performance
To reduce friction with the inside of the drilled hole, the portion of the flute from the tip to the shank is tapered
Diameter Back Taper slightly. The degree of taper is usually represented by the quantity of reduction in the diameter with respect to the
flute length, which is approx. 0.04 – 0.1mm. It is set at a larger value for high-efficiency drills and the work material
that allows drilled holes to be closed.
G028
y CUTTING EDGE SHAPES
Shape
<Conical> <Flat> <Centre Point>

a The flank is conical and the clearance a The flank is flat to facilitate cutting and a This shape has two-stage point angle
angle increases toward the centre of initial bite. for better centricity and reduction in
Features the drill. a This shape is frequently used for burr generation.
a It is a general shape used commonly small-diameter drills. a It is used for drills for thin sheet
for soft and hard materials. machining and steel frame machining.
y WEB THINNING
The rake angle of the cutting edge of a drill reduces toward the centre, and it changes into a negative angle at the chisel edge. During drilling,
the centre of a drill crushes the work, generating 50 – 70% of the cutting resistance. Web thinning is very effective for reduction in the cutting
resistance of a drill, early removal of cut chips at the chisel edge, and better biting.
Shape

X type XR type S type N type
The thrust load substantially The biting performance is Cutting is easy. This shape is Effective when the web is
reduces, and the biting slightly inferior to that of X generally used. comparatively thick.
Features performance improves. This type, but the cutting edge is
shape is effective when the hard and the applicable range
web is rather thick. of work is wide.
Major
Applications General drilling and deep Long life. General drilling and General drilling for steel, cast Deep hole drilling.
hole drilling. stainless steel drilling. iron, and non-ferrous metal.
y DRILLING CHIPS
Types of Chips Shape Features and Ease of Raking
Fan-shaped chips cut by the cutting edge are curved by the flute. Chips of this type
1.Conical Spiral are produced when the feed rate of ductile material is small. If the chip breaks after
several turns, the chip breaking performance is satisfactory.
Long pitch chips exit without coiling and will easily coil around the drill.
2.Long Pitch
TECHNICAL
DATA
This is a chip broken by the drill flute and the wall of a drilled hole. It is generated
3.Fan when the feed rate is high.
A conical spiral chip that is broken just before the chip grows into the long-pitch
4.Segment shape by the wall of the drilled hole due to its insufficient ductility. Excellent chip
disposal and chip discharge.
A chip that is buckled and folded because of the shape of flute and the characteristics
5.Zigzag of the material. It easily causes chip packing at the flute.
Chips broken by vibration or broken when brittle material is curled with a small radius.
6.Needle The breaking performance is comparatively satisfactory, but these chips can become
closely packed.
G029
TECHNICAL DATA
TOOL WEAR AND DAMAGE

CAUSES AND COUNTERMEASURES
Tool Damage Form Cause Countermeasure
• Tool grade is too soft. • Tool grade with high wear resistance.
• Cutting speed is too high. • Lower cutting speed.
Flank Wear • Flank angle is too small. • Increase flank angle.
• Feed rate is extremely low. • Increase feed rate.
Crater Wear • Feed rate is too high. • Lower feed rate.
• Tool grade is too hard. • Tool grade with high toughness.

• Feed rate is too high. • Lower feed rate.
Chipping • Lack of cutting edge strength. • Increase honing. (Round honing is to be
changed to chamfer honing.)
• Lack of shank or holder rigidity. • Use large shank size.

• Feed rate is too high. • Lower feed rate.
Fracture • Lack of cutting edge strength. • Increase honing. (Round honing is to be
changed to chamfer honing.)
• Lack of shank or holder rigidity. • Use large shank size.
Plastic
• Depth of cut and feed rate are too large. • Decrease depth of cut and feed rate.
Deformation • Cutting temperature is high. • Tool grade with high thermal conductivity.
• Cutting speed is low. • Increase cutting speed. (For DIN Ck45,

cutting speed 80m/min.)
Welding • Poor sharpness. • Increase rake angle.
• Unsuitable grade. • Tool grade with low affinity.
(Coated grade, cermet grade)
TOOL WEAR AND DAMAGE
• Expansion or shrinkage due to cutting • Dry cutting.

heat. (For wet cutting, flood workpiece with
Thermal Cracks cutting fluid)
Especially in milling.
*
• Hard surfaces such as uncut surfaces, • Tool grade with high wear resistance.
chilled parts and machining hardened
Notching layers.
• Friction caused by jagged shape chips. • Increase rake angle to improve
(Caused by small vibration) sharpness.
• Cutting edge welding and adhesion. • Increase rake angle to improve sharpness.
• Poor chip disposal. • Enlarge chip pocket.
Flaking
TECHNICAL
DATA
Flank Wear • Damage due to the lack of strength of • Increase honing.

Fracture a curved cutting edge. • Tool grade with high toughness.
*Damage for
polycrystallines
Crater Wear • Tool grade is too soft. • Decrease honing.
Fracture • Cutting resistance is too high and • Tool grade with high wear resistance.
causes high cutting heat.
*Damage for
polycrystallines
G030
CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS
Cemented carbide (WC-Co) was developed in 1923 and was later improved by adding TiC and TaC. In 1969,
CVD coating technology was developed, and coated carbide has since been used widely. TiC-TiN based cermet
was developed in 1974. Today, "Coated Carbide grades for roughing and cermet for finishing" is a well estab-
lished trend.
Diamond Coating
Sintered Diamond
Sintered CBN
Si3N4
Ceramics
Hardness
Al2O3 Coated Carbide
Coated Cermet Coated Micro-grain

Cemented Carbide
Cermet
Coated
Micro-grain Cemented Carbide HSS
Cemented Carbide
Powder HSS
HSS
Toughness
CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS

GRADE CHARACTERISTICS
Thermal Thermal
Hard Materials
Hardness
(HV)
Energy Formation Solubility in Iron
(kcal/g·atom) (%.1250r) Conductivity Expansion * Tool Material
(W/m·k) (x 10-6/k)
Diamond >9,000 – Highly Soluble 2,100 3.1 Sintered Diamond
CBN >4,500 – – 1,300 4.7 Sintered CBN

Si3N4 1,600 – – 100 3.4 Ceramics
Ceramics
Al2O3 2,100 -100 i0 29 7.8 Cemented Carbide
Cermet
TiC 3,200 -35 < 0.5 21 7.4 Coated Carbide
TECHNICAL
Cermet
TiN 2,500 -50 – 29 9.4
DATA
Coated Carbide
TaC 1,800 -40 0.5 21 6.3 Cemented Carbide
WC 2,100 -10 7 121 5.2 Cemented Carbide

1W/m • K=2.39×10-3cal/cm•sec•r
*
G031
TECHNICAL DATA
GRADE CHAIN
P Steel UTi20T
Stainless Steel
M
General UTi20T
Cemented Carbide K Cast Iron HTi05T HTi10 UTi20T
N Non-Ferrous HTi10
Heat
S Resistant Alloy RT9005 RT9010 TF15
Ti Alloy
NEW
P Steel UE6005 UE6110 UC6010 UE6020 UE6035 UH6400 F7030 VP10MF VP20MF VP15TF VP30RT
(PVD) (PVD) (PVD) (PVD)
Stainless Steel
M
General US7020 US735 F7030 VP10MF VP20MF VP15TF VP30RT UP20M
(PVD) (PVD) (PVD) (PVD) (PVD)
Coated Carbide K Cast Iron UC5105 UC5115 F5010 F5020 VP15TF

(PVD)
Heat
S Resistant Alloy US905 VP05RT VP10RT VP15TF
For Cutting Tools
Ti Alloy
(PVD) (PVD) (PVD)
N Non-Ferrous LC15TF
NEW
P Steel NX2525 NX55 NX3035 NX335 NX4545
Stainless Steel
Cermet M NX2525 NX4545
General
K Cast Iron NX2525
P Steel AP25N VP25N UP35N VP45N

(PVD) (PVD) (PVD) (PVD)
Stainless Steel
Coated Cermet M
General AP25N
(PVD)
K Cast Iron AP25N VP25N

(PVD)
Non-Ferrous
N MD205 MD220 MD230
Non-Metal
(Sintered Diamond)
NEW
Polycrystallines K Cast Iron MB710 MB730 MBS140
GRADE CHAIN
(Sintered CBN)
NEW
Hardened
Materials MBC010 MBC020 MB810 MB820 MB8025 MB825 MB835
H
(Sintered CBN)
Micro-grain Steel
SF10 MF10 TF15 MF20 MF30
Cemented Carbide Cast Iron
For Wear Resistance
TECHNICAL
General Wear
GTi05 GTi10 GTi15 GTi20 GTi30 GTi35 GTi40
DATA
Resistance
Cemented Carbide
Corrosion
Resistance GC15 GC20 GC30
Micro-grain Special Wear

Cemented Carbide TF15 MF10 MF20S MF30
Resistance
Ultra Micro-grain Special Wear

Cemented Carbide GF15 GF40
Resistance
For
Construction Cemented Carbide General Use MG10 MG15 MG20
MG20 MG25
MG25 MG30
MG30 MG40
MG40 MG50
MG50 MG60
MG60
Tools
Grade to be replaced by new products.
*
G032
GRADES COMPARISON TABLE
CEMENTED CARBIDE
ISO Mitsubishi Seco Sumitomo Hitachi
Classifi- Sandvik Kennametal Iscar Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet
cation Symbol Carbide Tools Electric Tool
P P01
P10 S1P P10 IC70 ST10P TX10S SRT WS10
K125M IC70 TX20 SRT
P20 UTi20T SMA
TTM IC50M
ST20E
TX25 DX30
EX35
GK A30 TX30 EX35
IC50M SR30
P30 UTi20T SM30 K600
IC54 A30N UX30
PW30
DX30 EX40
TTR
SR30
P40 S6 G13 IC54 ST40E TX40
DX35
EX45
EH510
M M10 H10A K313 890
U10E
TU10 UMN WA10B
K68
KMF HX EH520 TU20 DX25
M20 UTi20T H13A IC08
UX30 UMS
EX35
K125M 883 U2
TTM
H10F K600 IC08 A30 DX25 EX40
M30 UTi20T
SM30 TTR IC28 A30N
UX30
UMS EX45
M40 S6 G13 IC128 TU40 UM40 EX45
H1 TH03
K K01 HTi05T H1P K605
H2 KS05F
KG03 WH05
K313
H1P
K110M EH10 G1F KG10
K10 HTi10 H10 890 IC20 KW10 WH10
Turning
THM EH510 TH10 KT9

HM
THM-U
K715 890 G10E
IC20 G2F, KS15F CR1
K20 UTi20T H13A KMF HX EH20
G2, KS20
GW10
KG20
WH20
IC10
K600 883 EH520
IC10
K30 UTi20T THR 883 G10E G3 KG30
IC28
H10 H1
N N01 H13A
K605
H2
KS05F KG03
K313
K110M 890 EH10 TH10 KG10
N10 HTi10
THM EH510 H10T KT9
H15
THM-U
K715 HX KX G10E CR1
N20 KMF 883 H15 EH20 KS15F
KG20
K600 H25 EH520

G13
N30 THR
H25 KG30
S S01 RT9005 KG03

H10
K10 FZ05
RT9005 H10A EH10 KS05F
S10 RT9010
K313 890 KG10
H10F EH510 TH10
THM
H13A
RT9010 K715 890 883 EH20 KS15F FZ15
S20 TF15 KMF HX H25 EH520 KS20 KG20
G13 K600
S30 TF15
THR
KG30
P P10 S1P SRT

IC50M TX25 SRT
P20 UTi20T K125
IC28
A30N
DX30
EX35
GX IC50M SR30 EX35
P30 UTi20T
K600 IC28
A30N UX30 PW30
DX30 EX40
P40 IC28 PW30 SR30 EX45
M M10 K110M UMN

DX25
Milling
M20 UTi20T K313 A30N EX35

TECHNICAL
UMS
DATA
KFM DX25 EX40

M30 UTi20T
K600
IC28 A30N UX30
UMS EX45
M40 IC28 TU40 EX45
K K01 HTi05T KG03

K110M
K10 HTi10 H1P
K313
IC20 G10E TH10 KW10 KG10 WH10
IC20 KT9 CR1
K20 UTi20T KFM HX
IC10
G10E
KG20
WH20
IC10
K30 UTi20T
IC28 KG30
(Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company.
G033
TECHNICAL DATA

MICRO GRAIN
Classifi- Sandvik Kennametal Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet
SF10 6UF
Z Z01 MF07 8UF F0
F FZ05
NM08
MD08F FB10
Cutting Tools
MF10 PN90
M
XF1 FZ10
HTi10 H6FF MD10
Z10 MF20
890 F1
MD05F
FW30 FZ15 NM15
12UF
AFU FB15
MD07F
TF15 AF0 MD15 FZ15
N6F 890 BRM20
Z20 UF30 H10F 883
SF2 EM10 FB15
EF20N
AF1 MD20 FB20
A1 FZ20
Z30 883
CC
UM
FB20
NM25
CERMET
NS520
P IC20N T110A AT520 TN30 LN10
P01 AP25N
IC520N T2000Z GT520 PV30 CX50
GT720
NS520 TN60
CM IC20N
AP25N CT5015 KT315 T1200A AT530 TN6020 CX50
P10 NX2525 GC1525 TTI25 CMP IC520N
T2000Z GT720 PV60 CX75
CZ25
IC530N
GT730 PV7020
IC20N
AP25N NS530 TN90
IC75T T1200A
UP35N GT530 TN6020
P20 NX2525
GC1525 KT325 IC30N T2000Z
GT730 PV90
CX75 CH550
IC520N T3000Z
NX3035 NS730 PV7020
IC530N
IC75T NS530
P30 VP45N
IC30N
T3000Z
NS730
Turning
NS520 TN60
M NX2525 CM T110A AT530 TN6020 LN10
M10 AP25N
GC1525 TTI25
CMP T2000Z GT530 PV60 CX50
GT720 PV7020
TN90
NX2525 NS530
T1200A TN6020 CX50
M20 AP25N GT730 CH550
T2000Z PV90 CX75

NX3035 NS730
PV7020
M30 T3000Z
NS520
K AP25N T110A AT520 TN30
K01 NX2525 T2000Z GT520 PV30
LN10
GT720
NS520 TN60
AP25N KT325 T1200A GT530 TN6020
K10 NX2525 CT5015 LN10
TTI25 T2000Z GT730 PV60
NS730 PV7020
AP25N
K20 NX2525
T3000Z CX75
P P10 NX2525 C15M IC30N TN60 CX75

CH550
KT530M
CX75 CH7030
P20 NX2525 CT530 HT7 C15M IC30N NS530 TN100M
CX90 MZ1000
KT605M
MZ2000
NS530
CX90 MZ3000
P30 NX4545 IC30N T250A NS540
TECHNICAL
CX99 CH7035
NS740
DATA
Milling
M M10 NX2525 IC30N TN60

CH550
KT530M
CH7030
M20 NX2525 CT530 HT7 C15M IC30N NS530 TN100M CX75
MZ1000
KT605M
MZ2000
NS540 CX90 MZ3000
M30 NX4545 T250A
NS740 CX99 CH7035
K K01
K10 NX2525 NS530 TN60
KT530M
K20 NX2525
HT7
CX75
G034
CVD COATED GRADE
TP1000
P P01 UE6005 GC4005 KC9105 IC9150 AC700G T9005 CA5505 JC110V HC5000
TK1000
UE6005 TP1000
KC9110 HG8010
UE6110 GC4015 TK1000 AC700G T9005 CA5505 JC110V
P10 UE6020 GC3115
TN7005
TP2000
IC9150
AC2000 T9015 CA5515 JC215V
GM8015
TN7010 IC9015 GM10
UC6010 TK2000
GC4015
CA5515
UE6110 GC4225 KC9125 TP2000 IC9250
AC2000 T9015 CA5525 JC110V HG8025
P20 UE6020 GC4025 KC9225 TK2000 IC9025
AC3000 T9025 CA5025 JC215V GM8020
UC6010 GC2015 TN7015 TP200 IC9054
CR9025
LC25
GC4225
UE6035 GC4025 CA5525
KC8050 TP3000 IC9350 AC3000 T9025 JC215V
P30 UH6400 GC4035
TN7025 TP300 IC656 AC630M T9035
CA5535
JC325V
GM25
US735 GC2025 CR9025
GC2135
KC9140
KC9040
UE6035 TP3000
GC4035 KC9240 JC325V GM8035
P40 UH6400
GC235 KX9245
TP400 IC635 AC630M T9035 CA5535 JC450V GX30
Turning
US735 TP40
TN7035
TPC35
CA6515
M M10 US7020 GC2015 TN7010 TP200 IC9250 AC610M T9015
CA6015
JC110V GM10
IC9250
KC9225 AC610M T6020 CA6525 JC110V
M20 US7020 GC2025
TN7015
TP200 IC9025
AC630M T9025 CA6015 JC215V
GM8020
IC9054
TP300
GC2135 KC8050 IC9350 AC630M JC215V HG8025
M30 US735
GC235 TN8025
TP400
IC9025 AC3000
T6030
JC325V GM25
TP40
KC9240
TP400 IC656 JC325V
M40 US735 KC9245
TP40 IC635 JC450V
GX30
TPC35
GC3205 IC9150
K K01 UC5105
GC3210
TK1000
IC9007
AC300G T5010 CA4010 JC105V GM3005
IC9150
GC3205 KC9315 IC9015
TK1000 CA4010 HG8010
K10 UC5115 GC3210 KC9110
TK2000
IC4010 AC700G T5010
CA4115
JC110V
GM8015
GC3115 TN5015 IC418

IC428
KC9320 TK2000 JC110V HG8025
K20 UC5115 GC3215 IC9015 AC700G T5020 CA4120
TN5020 TP200 JC215V GM8020
K30 KC9325 TP200 JC215V GM25
TN2510 IC9080
P P10 TN25M IC4100
ACP100 JC730U
FH7020 T200M
P20 F7030
GC4020 TN7525 IC520M ACP100 JC730U
T250M
T250M
P30 F7030 GC4030 KC930M T350M IC4050 AC230 T3030
T25M
GF30
GC4240 KC935M
P40 GC4040 TN7535
T350M AC230 GX2030
GX30
M M10 TN25M
Milling
T250M
M20 F7030 TN7525 IC520M JC730U
T25M
KC930M T350M
M30 F7030 GC2040
TN7535 T25M
IC4050 T3030
TECHNICAL
GF30
M40
DATA
GX30
K K01 IC9080 JC600
TN5505 ACK200
K10 F5010
TN5515
IC4100
AC211
T1015 JC600
GC3220
GC3020 KC915M T150M IC520M
K20 F5020
K20D TN5520 T200M DT7150
ACK200 T1015 JC610
K20W
KC930M
K30 GC3040
KC935M
T200M IC4050 JC610
G035
TECHNICAL DATA

PVD COATED GRADE
P P01 PR915 JC5003
KC5010 PR915
P10 VP10MF
KC5510
CP200 IC507 AH710
PR930
JC5003
VP15TF GC1020 IC908 IC928 AH710 PR630 PR915
P20 VP20MF GC1025
KC5025 CP250
AH330 PR930 PR660
JC5015
IC1008 IC1028
K7010 GH330 GH730
VP15TF GC1025 IC928 PR630
P30 VP20MF GC4125
K7020 CP500
IC1008 IC1028
AH120 AH330
PR660
JC5015
K7235 AH740
GC1020 IC928
P40 GC2145
K7030 CP500
IC1008 IC1028
AH120 PR660
M M01 EH510Z EH10Z PR915

M10 VP10MF GC1005 GC1025 KC5010 KC5510 CP200 IC507 IC907 EH510Z EH10Z PR915 PR930 JC5003
VP15TF GC1020 GC1025 KC5025 KC730 CP200 EH520Z GH330 PR630
Turning
M20 IC354 IC3028 JC5015

VP20MF GC4125 KC5525 CP500 EH20Z GH730 PR915 PR930
VP15TF GC1020 KC5025 IC908 IC928 PR630
M30 VP20MF GC2035 KC5525
CP500
IC1008 IC1028
AH120
PR660
JC5015
M40 GC2145 IC228 IC328 PR660
K K01 EH10Z AH110 JC5003
K10 KC5010 KC5510 CP200 EH10Z GH110 AH110 JC5003 JC5015
IC928 IC1008
K20 VP15TF GC1020 KC7015 CP200 CP250
IC908 IC22
EH20Z AH120 JC5015
IC928 IC1008
K30 VP15TF GC4125 KC7225 CP500
IC908 IC22
S S01 VP05RT GC1105 AH110 PR915 JC5003
VP05RT GC1005 KC5410 KC5010 CP200 CP250 EH510Z
S10 VP10RT GC1025 KC5510 CP500 EH10Z
AH120 PR915 JC5015
VP10RT KC5025 CP250 EH20Z
S20 VP15TF
GC4125
KC5525 CP500 EH520Z
PR915
S30 VP15TF GC2145
PTH08M PCA08M
P P01 ACP100 JC5003 PCS08M TB6005
JX1005
CY9020 PCA12M
IC903 ACZ310 PR730 JC5003
P10 KC715M
IC950 ACP100 PR830 JC5030
TB6005 JX1020
PC20M
ACZ310
KC522M IC950 IC900 PR630 PR730 JC5015 JC5030 TB6020 CY150
P20 VP15TF GC1025
KC525M
F25M
IC908 IC910
ACZ330
PR830 PR660 JC5040 CY15 JX1015
ACP200
ACZ330 TB6045 CY250

VP15TF F25M IC900 IC928 GH330 AH330 PR630 PR660 JC5015
P30 VP30RT
GC1030 KC725M
F30M IC300 IC328
ACZ350
AH120 AH740 PR730 PR830 JC5040
CY25 HC844
ACZ200 JX1045 PTH30E
PTH30E TB6060
F40M IC900 IC928 ACZ350
P40 VP30RT KC735M
T60M IC300 IC328 ACP300
AH120 PR660 JC5040 PTH40H JX1060
GF30 GX30
P50
M M01 PCS08M
PR630 PR730
M10 GC1025 KC715M
PR830
JC5003 CY9020 JX1020
VP15TF KC522M IC900 IC903 ACZ310 PR630 PR730 JC5015 JC5030 TB6020 CY150
M20 VP20RT
GC2030
KC525M
F25M
IC908 IC928 EH20Z
GH330
PR830 PR660 JC5040 JC4015 CY15 JX1015
TB6045 CY250
Milling
VP15TF
KC725M F30M IC928 ACZ330 EH20Z PR630 PR660 JC5015 JC5030
M30 VP20RT GC2030
KC735M F40M IC328 ACZ350
AH120
PR730 PR830 JC5040 JC4015
CY25 HC844
VP30RT JX1045
TB6060
IC928
M40 VP30RT F40M
IC328
ACZ350 AH140 PR660 JC5015 PTH40H JX1060
GF30 GX30
PR510 PTH08M PCA08M
K K01 AH110
PR905
JC5003
PCS08M
IC900 ACZ310 AH110 PR510 CY9020 TB6005
TECHNICAL
K10 KC510M
IC910 ACK200 GH110 PR905
JC5003
CY100H CY10H
DATA
TB6020 CY150
VP15TF KC520M ACZ310 PR510
K20 VP20RT KC525M
IC910 IC950
ACK200
AH120
PR905
JC5015 CY15 PTH13S
JX1015
TB6045 CY250
VP15TF KC725M IC908 IC950 ACZ330
K30 VP20RT KC735M IC928 ACK300
JC5015 CY25 PTH40H
PTH30E JX1045
S S01 JC5003
S10 VP15TF KC510M IC908 AH120 PR660 JC5015 PCS08M
S20 VP15TF GC1025 KC522M KC525M IC908 PR660 CY100H CY10H
S30 GC2030 KC725M F40M IC328 IC928 PR660
H H01 JC5003
PTH08M PCA08M
H10 VP15TF KC635M F15M JC5015
JX1005 TB6005
H20 VP15TF KC635M F15M
H30 KC530M F30M
G036
CBN
ISO Mitsubishi Seco Element Sumitomo
Classifi- Sandvik Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet
cation Symbol Carbide Tools Six Electric
MBC010 BNX10 BX310
H H01 MB810
CBN100
BNC150 BXC30
MBC020
CB7015 BNC80 BX330
H10 MB8025
CB7020
CBN200 DCC500
BNX20 BXC50
KBN510 JBN300
MB820
MBC020 BN250
H20 MB8025 CB7050 CBN150 DCN450 BNC200 BX360 KBN525 JBN245
MB825 BNX25
MBC020 BNC300
H30 MB835
CBN350
BN350
BX380
Turning
S BN600
S01 MB730
BN700
BX950
S10
S20
S30
K K01 MB710 BN500 BX930
MB710 BX480
K10 MB730
CB7050 CBN200 DBC80 BN700
BX950
KBN65B JBN795
MB730 BN700
K20 MBS140
CBN300
BNS800
BXC90 KBN900 JBN330
K30 MBS140 BNS800 BXC90
PCD
ISO Mitsubishi Element Sumitomo
Classifi- Sandvik GE Tungaloy Kyocera Dijet
cation Symbol Carbide Six Electric
N N01 MD205 1700 CTH025 DA90 DX180 KPD025 JDA735
Turning
MD205
N10 MD220
CD10 1500 CTB010 DA150 DX160 KPD010 JDA745
MD220 DX140 JDA715
N20 MD230
1300 CTB002 DA200
DX120
KPD002
JDA10
N30 MD230 1600 DA2200 KPD001

TECHNICAL
DATA
G037
TECHNICAL DATA
INSERT CHIP BREAKER

COMPARISON TABLE
NEGATIVE INSERT TYPE
ISO Cutting Mitsubishi Seco Sumitomo Hitachi
cation Mode Carbide Tools Electric Tool
P PK * 01 * DP *
Finish FH QF UF, FF FF1 FA TF GP, VF FE
FY FL ZF XP, XP-T
C SU PF
Light SA PF LU NS, 27 UR BE
SH MF LF, FN MF2 SX TS, AS HQ, CQ UA, UT CE
Light
(Mild Steel) SY 17 XQ, XS
Light
(With Wiper) SW WP, WF FW W-MF2 LUW AFW, ASW WP, WQ
MV PM MF3 GU NM, ZM CJ, GS AB

Medium MA QM MG, MN M3 UG TM PS, HS PG AY
MH SM M5 UX DM, 37 PT, CS UB AE
Medium
(With Wiper) MW WM MW W-M3 GUW
Semi STD
Heavy PR RN MR7 MU, MX TH GT, HT UD, GG AR, RE
GH
INSERT CHIP BREAKER COMPARISON TABLE
HL, HM QR, PR MR R4, R6 MP 57 UC

Heavy HX HR RM, RH R7 HG, HP 65, TU HX HX
HV RR9 HE
M Finish
FH, FS MF K, FP SU SS GU SE
Light
MS MM P, MP EX, UP SA, SM SU, HU SF DE
Medium
MA, ES S ST SG
GH MR RP M5, MR7
Heavy
HL, HM MR 56, R6 MP
K Finish
Light Std. KF FN UZ CM Std., C Y
Medium Std. KM Std., UN UX 33, Std. ZS, GC V
Heavy Flat Top KR Flat Top Flat Top
Finish
S
Light
FJ * **
FS, K MF1 *
Medium MJ * *23
pNGP, pNGP * M1 SU * SA
TECHNICAL
DATA
Heavy GJ SR MS
* Peripheral ground type insert.

(Note) Above charts are based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.
G038
7°POSITIVE INSERT TYPE
P *
Finish FV UF, PF 11, UF FF1 FP, LU 01, PF GP JQ
Light SV LF F1 SU, SK PS XP, VF
Light
SW
*
WK,
FW W-F1 LUW
(With Wiper) WF, WP
MV 23 HQ FT JE
Medium
Std. UM, PM MF F2 MU PM, 24 XQ, GK
Medium
(With Wiper) MW WM MW
M Finish
| SV MF SS *
Light
Medium Std. MM
K
Medium Flat Top KF, KM, KR Flat Top * Flat Top *
Flat Top FT
INSERT CHIP BREAKER COMPARISON TABLE

S
Finish
FJ * LF * SC *
Light HP *

11°POSITIVE INSERT TYPE

P Finish
SV PF UF, LF *
FK, LU, SU 01, PF, PS GP, XP JQ
Light
PM
Medium MV PM MF MU HQ, XQ JE
23, 24
M Finish
| SV MF SS *
Light
Medium MV MM

TECHNICAL
DATA
G039
TECHNICAL DATA
MATERIAL CROSS REFERENCE LIST

y STRUCTURAL AND CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL
Country
Germany U. K. Sweden USA France Belgium Italy Spain Japan
Standard
W.-nr. DIN BS EN SS AIS/SAE AFNOR NBN UNI UNF JIS
1.0401 C15 080M15 – 1350 1015 CC12 – C15C16 F.111 –
1.0402 C22 050A20 2C 1450 1020 CC20 C25-1 C20C21 F.112 –
1.0501 C35 060A35 – 1550 1035 CC35 C35-1 C35 F.113 –
1.0503 C45 080M46 – 1650 1045 CC45 C45-1 C45 F.114 –
1.0535 C55 070M55 – 1655 1055 – C55-1 C55 – –
1.0601 C60 080A62 43D – 1060 CC55 C60-1 C60 – –
1.0715 9SMn28 230M07 – 1912 1213 S250 – CF9SMn28 11SMn28 SUM22
1.0718 9SMnPb28 – – 1914 12L13 S250Pb – CF9SMnPb28 11SMnPb28 SUM22L
1.0722 10SPb20 – – – – 10PbF2 – CF10PB20 10SPb20 –
1.0726 35S20 212M36 8M 1957 1140 35MF4 – – F.210.G –
1.0736 9SMn36 240M07 1B – 1215 S300 – CF9SMn36 12SMN35 –
1.0737 9SMnPb36 – – 1926 12L14 S300Pb – CF9SMnPb36 12SMnP35 –
1.0904 55Si7 250A53 45 2085 9255 55S7 55Si7 55Si8 56Si7 –
1.0961 60SiCr7 – – – 9262 60SC7 60SiCr8 60SiCr8 60SiCr8 –
1.1141 Ck15 080M15 32C 1370 1015 XC12 C16-2 C16 C15K S15C
1.1157 40Mn4 150M36 15 – 1039 35M5 – – – –
1.1158 Ck25 – – – 1025 – C25-2 – – S25C
1.1167 36Mn5 – – 2120 1335 40M5 – – 36Mn5 SMn438(H)
1.1170 28Mn6 150M28 14A – 1330 20M5 28Mn6 C28Mn – SCMn1
1.1183 Cf35 060A35 – 1572 1035 XC38TS C36 C36 – S35C
1.1191 Ck45 080M46 – 1672 1045 XC42 C45-2 C45 C45K S45C
1.1203 Ck55 070M55 – – 1055 XC55 C55-2 C50 C55K S55C
1.1213 Cf53 060A52 – 1674 1050 XC48TS C53 C53 – S50C

1.1221 Ck60 080A62 43D 1678 1060 XC60 C60-2 C60 – S58C
1.1274 Ck101 060A96 – 1870 1095 – – – – SUP4
1.3401 G-X120Mn12 Z120M12 – – – Z120M12 – XG120Mn12 X120MN12 SCMnH/1
1.3505 100Cr6 534A99 31 2258 52100 100C6 – 100Cr6 F.131 SUJ2
1.5415 15Mo3 1501-240 – 2912 ASTM A204Gr.A 15D3 16Mo3 16Mo3KW 16Mo3 –
1.5423 16Mo5 1503-245-420 – – 4520 – 16Mo5 16Mo5 16Mo5 –
1.5622 14Ni6 – – – ASTM A350LF5 16N6 18Ni6 14Ni6 15Ni6 –
1.5662 X8Ni9 1501-509;510 – – ASTM A353 – 10Ni36 X10Ni9 XBNi09 –
1.5680 12Ni19 – – – 2515 Z18N5 12Ni20 – – –
1.5710 36NiCr6 640A35 111A – 3135 35NC6 – – – SNC236
1.5732 14NiCr10 – – – 3415 14NC11 – 16NiCr11 15NiCr11 SNC415(H)
1.5752 14NiCr14 655M13; 36A – 3415;3310 12NC15 13NiCr12 – – SNC815(H)
655A12
1.6511 36CrNiMo4 816M40 110 – 9840 40NCD3 – 38NiCrMo4(KB) 35NiCrMo4 –
1.6523 21NiCrMo2 805M20 362 2506 8620 20NCD2 – 20NiCrMo2 20NiCrMo2 SNCM220(H)
1.6546 40NiCrMo22 311-Type 7 – – 8740 – 40NiCrMo2 40NiCrMo2(KB) 40NiCrMo2 SNCM240
1.6582 34CrNiMo6 817M40 24 2541 4340 35NCD6 35CrNiMo6 35NiCrMo6(KB) – –
TECHNICAL
– – – 17CrNiMo7 – 14NiCrMo13 –
DATA
1.6587 17CrNiMo6 820A16 18NCD6

1.6657 14NiCrMo134 832M13 36C – – – 14NiCrMo13 15NiCrMo13 14NiCrMo131 –
1.7015 15Cr3 523M15 – – 5015 12C3 15Cr2 – – SCr415(H)
1.7033 34Cr4 530A32 18B – 5132 32C4 34Cr4 34Cr4(KB) 35Cr4 SCr430(H)
1.7035 41Cr4 530M40 18 – 5140 42C4 41Cr4 41Cr4 42Cr4 SCr440(H)
1.7045 42Cr4 – – 2245 5140 – – – 42Cr4 SCr440
1.7131 16MnCr5 (527M20) – 2511 5115 16MC5 16MnCr5 16MnCr5 16MnCr5 –
1.7176 55Cr3 527A60 48 – 5155 55C3 55Cr3 – – SUP9(A)
1.7218 25CrMo4 1717CDS110 – 2225 4130 25CD4 25CrMo4 25CrMo4(KB) 55Cr3 SCM420;SCM430
AM26CrMo4
G040
Country
Standard
1.7220 34CrMo4 708A37 19B 2234 4137;4135 35CD4 34CrMo4 35CrMo4 34CrMo4 SCM432;SCCRM3
1.7223 41CrMo4 708M40 19A 2244 4140;4142 42CD4TS 41CrMo4 41CrMo4 42CrMo4 SCM 440
1.7225 42CrMo4 708M40 19A 2244 4140 42CD4 42CrMo4 42CrMo4 42CrMo4 SCM440(H)
1.7262 15CrMo5 – – 2216 – 12CD4 – – 12CrMo4 SCM415(H)
1.7335 13CrMo4 4 1501-620Gr27 – – ASTM A182 15CD3.5 14CrMo45 14CrMo45 14CrMo45 –
F11;F12 15CD4.5
1.7361 32CrMo12 722M24 40B 2240 – 30CD12 32CrMo12 32CrMo12 F.124.A –
1.7380 10CrMo9 10 1501-622 – 2218 ASTM A182 12CD9,10 – 12CrMo9,10 TU.H –
Gr31;45 – F.22 – – –
1.7715 14MoV6 3 1503-660-440 – – – – 13MoCrV6 – 13MoCrV6 –
1.8159 50CrV4 735A50 47 2230 6150 50CV4 50CrV4 50CrV4 51CrV4 SUP10
1.8509 41CrAlMo7 905M39 41B 2940 – 40CAD6,12 41CrAlMo7 41CrAlMo7 41CrAlMo7 –
1.8523 39CrMoV13 9 897M39 40C – – – 39CrMoV13 36CrMoV12 – –
y TOOL STEELS
Country
Standard
1.1545 C105W1 – – 1880 W.110 Y1105 – C98KU F.515 –
C100KU F.516

1.663 C125W – – – W.112 Y2120 – C120KU (C120) SK2
1.2067 100Cr6 BL3 – – L3 Y100C6 – – 100Cr6 –
1.2080 X210Cr12 BD3 – – D3 Z200C12 – X210Cr13KU X210Cr12 SKD1
X250Cr12KU
1.2344 X40CrMoV5 1 BH13 – 2242 H13 Z40CDV5 – X35CrMoV05KU X40CrMoV5 SKD61
X40CrMoV511KU
1.2363 X100CrMoV5 1 BA2 – 2260 A2 Z100CDV5 – X100CrMoV51KU X100CrMoV5 SKD12
1.2419 105WCr6 – – 2140 – 105WC13 – 100WCr6 105WCr5 SKS31
107WCr5KU SKS2;SKS3
1.2436 X210CrW12 – – 2312 – – – X215CrW12 1KU X210CrW12 SKD2
1.2542 45WCrV7 BS1 – 2710 S1 – – 45WCrV8KU 45WCrSi8 –
1.2581 X30WCrV9 3 BH21 – – H21 Z30WCV9 – X28W09KU X30WCrV9 SKD5
X30WCrV9 3KU – X30WCrV9 3KU
1.2601 X165CrMo – – 2310 – – – X165CrMoW12KU X160CrMoV12 –
V12
1.2713 55NiCrMoV6 – – – L6 55NCDV7 – – F.520.S SKT4
1.2833 100V1 BW2 – – W210 Y1105V C98KU – – SKS43
TECHNICAL
102V2KU
DATA
1.3243 S 6-5-2-5 – – 2723 – Z85WDKCV – HS 6-5-2-5 HS 6-5-2-5 SKH55

06-05-05-04-02
1.3255 S 18-1-2-5 BT4 – – T4 Z80WKCV – X78WCo1805KU HS 18-1-1-5 SKH3
18-05-04-01
1.3343 S 6-5-2 BM2 – 2722 M2 Z85WDCV – X82WMo0605KU HS 6-5-2 SKH9
06-05-04-02
1.3348 S 2-9-2 – – 2782 M7 Z100WCWV – HS 2-9-2 HS 2-9-2 –
09-04-02-02
1.3355 S 18-0-1 BT1 – – T1 Z80WCV – X75W18KU HS18-0-1 SKH2
18-04-01
G041
TECHNICAL DATA

y STAINLESS AND HEAT RESISTANT MATERIALS
Country
Standard
1.4000 X7Cr13 403S17 – 2301 403 Z6C13 – X6Cr13 F.3110 SUS403
1.4001 X7Cr14 F.8401
1.4006 X10Cr13 410S21 56A 2302 410 Z10C14 – X12Cr13 F.3401 SUS410
1.4016 X8Cr17 430S15 60 2320 430 Z8C17 – X8Cr17 F.3113 SUS430
1.4027 G-X20Cr14 420C29 56B – – Z20C13M – – – SCS2
1.4034 X46Cr13 420S45 56D 2304 – Z40CM – X40Cr14 F.3405 SUS420J2
Z38C13M
1.4057 X22CrNi17 431S29 57 2321 431 Z15CNI6.02 – X16CrNi6 F.3427 SUS431
1.4104 X12CrMoS17 – – 2383 430F Z10CF17 – X10CrS17 F.3117 SUS430F
1.4113 X6CrMo17 434S17 – 2325 434 Z8CD17.01 – X8CrMo17 – SUS434
1.4301 X5CrNi189 304S15 58E 2332 304 Z6CN18.09 – X5CrNi18 10 F.3551 SUS304
F.3541
F.3504
1.4305 X12CrNiS18 8 303S21 58M 2346 303 Z10CNF 18.09 – X10CrNiS 18 09 F.3508 SUS303
1.4306 X2CrNi18 9 304S12 – 2352 304L Z2CN18.10 – X2CrNi18 11 F.3503 SCS19
304C12 2333 Z3CN19.10 SUS304L
1.4308 G-X6CrNi18 9 304C15 – – – Z6CN18.10M – – – SCS13
1.4310 X12CrNi17 7 – – 2331 301 Z12CN17.07 – X12CrNi17 07 F.3517 SUS301
1.4311 X2CrNiN 304S62 – 2371 304LN Z2CN18.10 – – – SUS304LN
18 10
1.4313 X5CrNi13 4 425C11 – – – Z4CND13.4M – – – SCS5
1.4401 X5CrNiMo 316S16 58J 2347 316 Z6CND17.11 – X5CrNiMo17 12 F.3543 SUS316
18 10
1.4408 G-X6CrNiMo 316C16 – – – – – – F.8414 SCS14
18 10
1.4429 X2CrNiMoN – – 2375 316LN Z2CND17.13 – – – SUS316LN
18 13
1.4435 X2CrNiMo 316S12 – 2353 316L Z2CND17.13 – X2CrNiMo17 13 – SCS16

18 12 – – – SUS316L
1.4438 X2CrNiMo 317S12 – 2367 317L Z2CND19.15 – X2CrNiMo18 16 – SUS317L
18 16
1.4460 X8CrNiMo – – 2324 329 – – – – SUS329JL
27 5 – – – – SCH11;SCS11
1.4541 X10CrNiTi 2337 321S12 58B 321 Z6CNT18.10 – X6CrNiTi18 11 F.3553 SUS321
18 9 F.3523
1.4550 X10CrNiNb 347S17 58F 2338 347 Z6CNNb18.10 – X6CrNiNb18 11 F.3552 SUS347
18 9 F.3524
1.4571 X10CrNiMoTi 320S17 58J 2350 316Ti Z6CNDT17.12 – X6CrNiMoTi F.3535 –
18 10 17 12
1.4581 G-X5CrNi 318C17 – – – Z4CNDNb – XG8CrNiMo – SCS22
MoNb 18 10 18 12M 18 11
1.4583 X10CrNi – – – 318 Z6CNDNb – X6CrNiMoNb – –
MoNb 18 12 17 13B 17 13
1.4718 X45CrSi 93 401S45 52 – HW3 Z45CS 9 – X45CrSi8 F.322 SUH1
1.4724 X10CrA113 403S17 – – 405 Z10C13 – X10CrA112 F.311 SUS405
1.4742 X10CrA118 430S15 60 – 430 Z10CAS18 – X8Cr17 F.3113 SUS430
1.4747 X80CrNiSi20 443S65 59 – HNV6 Z80CSN20.02 – X80CrSiNi20 F.320B SUH4
TECHNICAL
1.4762 X10CrA124 – – 2322 446 Z10CAS24 – X16Cr26 – SUH446

DATA
1.4828 X15CrNiSi 309S24 – – 309 Z15CNS20.12 – – – SUH309

20 12
1.4845 X12CrNi25 21 310S24 – 2361 310S Z12CN25 20 – X6CrNi25 20 F.331 SUH310
1.4864 X12NiCrSi – – – 330 Z12NCS35.16 – – – SUH330
36 16
1.4865 G-X40NiCrSi 330C11 – – – – – XG50NiCr – SCH15
38 18 39 19
1.4871 X53CrMnNiN 349S54 – – EV8 Z52CMN21.09 – X53CrMnNiN219 – SUH35;SUH36
21 9
1.4878 X12CrNiTi 321S12 58B, 58C – 321 Z6CNT18.12B – X6CrNiTi18 11 F.3523 SU321
18 9 321S20
G042
yGREY CAST IRON (unalloyed)
Country
Standard
W.-Nr. DIN BS EN SS AIS/SAE AFNOR NBN UNI UNF JIS
– – – – – ASTM – – – – –
– – – – – A48-76 – – – – –
– – – – 01 00 – – – – – –
– GG 10 – – 01 10 No 20 B Ft 10 D – – – FC100
0.6015 GG 15 Grade 150 – 01 15 No 25 B Ft 15 D – G15 FG15 FC150
0.6020 GG 20 Grade 220 – 01 20 No 30 B Ft 20 D – G20 – FC200
– – – – – No 40 B – – – – –
0.6040 GG 40 Grade 400 – 01 40 No 55 B Ft 40 D – – – –
yGREY CAST IRON (alloyed)

Country
Standard
– DIN4694 3468: 1974 – MB ASTM – – – – –
– GGL- – – ISO-215 A436-72 A32-301 – – – –
– NiCr 20 2 L-NiCr 20 2 – 05 23 Type 2 L-NC 20 2 – – – –
yNODULAR CAST IRON (unalloyed)

Country
Standard
– – 2789; 1973 – – A536-72 NF A32 -201 – – – –

0.7040 GGG 40 SNG 420/12 – 07 17-02 60-40-18 FCS 400-12 – GS 370-17 FGE 38-17 FCD400
– GGG 40.3 SNG 370/17 – 07 17-12 – FGS 370-17 – – – –
0.7033 GGG 35.3 – – 07 17-15 – – – – – –
0.7050 GGG 50 SNG 500/7 – 07 27-02 80-55-06 FGS 500-7 – GS 500 FGE 50-7 FCD500
– GGG 60 SNG 600/3 – 07 32-03 – FGS 600-3 – – – FCD600
0.7070 GGG 70 SNG 700/2 – 07 37-01 100-70-03 FGS 700-2 – GS 700-2 FGS 70-2 FCD700
yALLOYED CAST IRON

Country
Standard
– DIN 1694 – – – – – – – – –
– GGGNiMn L-NiMn 13 7 – 07 72 – L-MN 13 7 – – – –
13 7
– GGG NiCr 20 L-NiMn 20 2 – 07 76 Type 2 L-NC 20 2 – – – –
2
yMALLEABLE CAST IRON

Country
TECHNICAL

DATA
Standard
– – – – – ASTM – – – – –
– – – – – A47-74 – – – – –
– – – – – A 220-76 2) – – – – –
– – 8 290/6 – 08 14 – MN 32-8 – – – –
– GTS-35 B 340/12 – 08 15 32510 MN 35-10 – – – FCMW330
0.8145 GTS-45 P 440/7 – 08 52 40010 MN 450 – GMN45 – FCMW370
0.8155 GTS-55 P 510/4 – 08 54 50005 MP 50-5 – GMN55 – FCMP490
– GTS-65 P 570/3 – 08 58 70003 MP 60-3 – – – FCMP540
– GTS-70 P 690/2 – 08 62 A 220-80002 MN700-2 – – – FCMP690
G043
TECHNICAL DATA
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
SURFACE ROUGHNESS (From JIS B 0601-1994)
Type Code Determination Determination Example (Figure)
Ra means the value obtained by the following formula and

Arithmetical Mean
expressed in micrometer (!m) when sampling only the

Roughness
reference length from the roughness curve in the direction of

Ra the mean line, taking X-axis in the direction of mean line and
Y-axis in the direction of longitudinal magnification of this
sampled part and the roughness curve is expressed by y=f(x):
Rz shall be that only when the reference length is sampled

from the roughness curve in the direction of the mean line, the
Maximum Height
distance between the top profile peak line and the bottom
profile valley line on this sampled portion is measured in the
Rz longitudinal magnification direction of roughness curve and
the obtained value is expressed in micrometer (!m).
(Note) When finding Rz, a portion without an exceptionally
high peak or low valley, which may be regarded as a
flaw, is selected as the sampling length.
RZJIS shall be that only when the reference length is sampled

Ten-Point Mean Roughness
from the roughness curve in the direction of its mean line, the
sum of the average value of absolute values of the heights of
five highest profile peaks (Yp) and the depths of five deepest
profile valleys (Yv) measured in the vertical magnification
RZJIS
direction from the mean line of this sampled portion and this
sum is expressed in micrometer (!m).
:altitudes of the five highest profile peaks of the
sampled portion corresponding to the reference
length l.
:altitudes of the five deepest profile valleys of the
sampled portion corresponding to the reference
length l.
y RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARITHMETICAL MEAN (Ra) AND CONVENTIONAL DESIGNATION (REFERENCE DATA)
Arithmetical Mean Roughness Max. Height Ten-Point Mean Roughness
Sampling Length for
SURFACE ROUGHNESS
Ra Rz RZJIS Conventional Finish

Rz • RZJIS
Cutoff Value Mark
Standard Series Standard Series I (mm)
" c (mm)
0.012 a 0.08 0.05s 0.05z
0.08
0.025 a 0.1 s 0.1 z
0.25 ]]]]
0.05 a 0.2 s 0.2 z
0.25
0.1 a 0.4 s 0.4 z
0.2 a 0.8 s 0.8 z
0.4 a 0.8 1.6 s 1.6 z
0.8 ]]]
0.8 a 3.2 s 3.2 z
a
TECHNICAL
1.6 6.3 s 6.3 z

DATA
3.2 a 12.5 s 12.5 z ]]

2.5
6.3 a 25 s 25 z 2.5
12.5 a 50 s 50 z ]
25 a 8 100 s 100 z
8
50 a 200 s 200 z
–
100 a – 400 s 400 z –
*The correlation among the three is shown for convenience and is not exact.
Ra: The evaluation length of Rz and Rz is the cutoff value and sampling length multiplied by 5, respectively.
* JIS
G044
HARDNESS COMPARISON TABLE
HARDNESS CONVERSION NUMBERS OF STEEL
Brinell Hardness (HB), Brinell Hardness (HB),
Shore Hardness (HS)
Shore Hardness (HS)

Hardness (HV)
Hardness (HV)
10mm Ball, Rockwell Hardness (3) Tensile 10mm Ball, Rockwell Hardness (3) Tensile
Load: 3,000kgf Strength Load: 3,000kgf Strength
Vickers
Vickers
(Approx.) (Approx.)
Tungsten A Scale, B Scale, C Scale, D Scale, A Scale, B Scale, C Scale, D Scale,
Standard
Carbide Load: 60kgf, Load: 100kgf, Load: 150kgf, Load: 100kgf, MPa Standard Tungsten Load: 60kgf, Load: 100kgf, Load: 150kgf, Load: 100kgf, MPa
Ball Diamond 1/16" Ball Diamond Diamond Ball Carbide Diamond 1/16" Ball Diamond Diamond
Ball (2) Ball (2)
Point (HRA) (HRB) Point (HRC) Point (HRD) Point (HRA) (HRB) Point (HRC) Point (HRD)
940 85.6 68.0 76.9 97 429 429 455 73.4 45.7 59.7 61 1510
920 85.3 67.5 76.5 96 415 415 440 72.8 44.5 58.8 59 1460
900 85.0 67.0 76.1 95 401 401 425 72.0 43.1 57.8 58 1390
(767) 880 84.7 66.4 75.7 93 388 388 410 71.4 41.8 56.8 56 1330
(757) 860 84.4 65.9 75.3 92 375 375 396 70.6 40.4 55.7 54 1270
(745) 840 84.1 65.3 74.8 91 363 363 383 70.0 39.1 54.6 52 1220
(733) 820 83.8 64.7 74.3 90 352 352 372 69.3 (110.0) 37.9 53.8 51 1180
(722) 800 83.4 64.0 73.8 88 341 341 360 68.7 (109.0) 36.6 52.8 50 1130
(712) 331 331 350 68.1 (108.5) 35.5 51.9 48 1095
(710) 780 83.0 63.3 73.3 87 321 321 339 67.5 (108.0) 34.3 51.0 47 1060
(698) 760 82.6 62.5 72.6 86
311 311 328 66.9 (107.5) 33.1 50.0 46 1025
(684) 740 82.2 61.8 72.1 302 302 319 66.3 (107.0) 32.1 49.3 45 1005
(682) 737 82.2 61.7 72.0 84 309 (106.0) 30.9
293 293 65.7 48.3 43 970
(670) 720 81.8 61.0 71.5 83 301 (105.5) 29.9
285 285 65.3 47.6 950
(656) 700 81.3 60.1 70.8 (104.5)
277 277 292 64.6 28.8 46.7 41 925
(653) 697 81.2 60.0 70.7 81
269 269 284 64.1 (104.0) 27.6 45.9 40 895
(647) 690 81.1 59.7 70.5
262 262 276 63.6 (103.0) 26.6 45.0 39 875
(638) 680 80.8 59.2 70.1 80
255 255 269 63.0 (102.0) 25.4 44.2 38 850
630 670 80.6 58.8 69.8 (101.0)
248 248 261 62.5 24.2 43.2 37 825
627 667 80.5 58.7 69.7 79
241 241 253 61.8 100 22.8 42.0 36 800
677 80.7 59.1 70.0
HARDNESS COMPARISON TABLE

235 235 247 61.4 99.0 21.7 41.4 35 785
601 640 79.8 57.3 68.7 77
229 229 241 60.8 98.2 20.5 40.5 34 765
223 223 234 97.3 (18.8)
640 79.8 57.3 68.7
217 217 228 96.4 (17.5) 33 725
578 615 79.1 56.0 67.7 75
212 212 222 95.5 (16.0) 705
607 78.8 55.6 67.4
207 207 218 94.6 (15.2) 32 690
555 591 78.4 54.7 66.7 73 2055
201 201 212 93.8 (13.8) 31 675
197 197 207 92.8 (12.7) 30 655
579 78.0 54.0 66.1 2015
192 192 202 91.9 (11.5) 29 640
534 569 77.8 53.5 65.8 71 1985
187 187 196 90.7 (10.0) 620
533 77.1 52.5 65.0 1915
514 547 76.9 52.1 64.7 70 1890 183 183 192 90.0 (9.0) 28 615
179 179 188 89.0 (8.0) 27 600
(495) 539 76.7 51.6 64.3 1855 174 174 182 87.8 (6.4) 585
530 76.4 51.1 63.9 1825 170 170 178 86.8 (5.4) 26 570
495 528 76.3 51.0 63.8 68 1820 167 167 175 86.0 (4.4) 560
TECHNICAL
DATA
(477) 516 75.9 50.3 63.2 1780 163 163 171 85.0 (3.3) 25 545
508 75.6 49.6 62.7 1740 156 156 163 82.9 (0.9) 525
477 508 75.6 49.6 62.7 66 1740 149 149 156 80.8 23 505
143 143 150 78.7 22 490
(461) 495 75.1 48.8 61.9 1680 137 137 143 76.4 21 460
491 74.9 48.5 61.7 1670
461 491 74.9 48.5 61.7 65 1670 131 131 137 74.0 450
126 126 132 72.0 20 435
444 474 74.3 47.2 61.0 1595 121 121 127 69.8 19 415
472 74.2 47.1 60.8 1585 116 116 122 67.6 18 400
444 472 74.2 47.1 60.8 63 1585 111 111 117 65.7 15 385
(Note 1) The above list is the same as that of AMS Metals Hand book with tensile strength in approximate metric value and Brinell hardness
over a recommended range.
(Note 2) 1MPa=1N/mm2
(Note 3) Figures in ( ) are rarely used and are included for reference. This list has been taken from JIS Handbook Steel I. G045
TECHNICAL DATA
FIT TOLERANCE TABLE(HOLE)

Classification
of Standard
Class of Geometrical Tolerance Zone of Holes
Dimensions
(mm)
> < B10 C9 C10 D8 D9 D10 E7 E8 E9 F6 F7 F8 G6 G7 H6 H7

+180 +85 +100 +34 +45 +60 +24 +28 +39 +12 +16 +20 +8 +12 +6 +10
3
+140 +60 +60 +20 +20 +20 +14 +14 +14 +6 +6 +6 +2 +2 0 0
+188 +100 +118 +48 +60 +78 +32 +38 +50 +18 +22 +28 +12 +16 +8 +12
3 6
+140 +70 +70 +30 +30 +30 +20 +20 +20 +10 +10 +10 +4 +4 0 0
+208 +116 +138 +62 +76 +98 +40 +47 +61 +22 +28 +35 +14 +20 +9 +15
6 10
+150 +80 +80 +40 +40 +40 +25 +25 +25 +13 +13 +13 +5 +5 0 0
10 14
+220 +138 +165 +77 +93 +120 +50 +59 +75 +27 +34 +43 +17 +24 +11 +18
+150 +95 +95 +50 +50 +50 +32 +32 +32 +16 +16 +16 +6 +6 0 0
14 18
18 24
+244 +162 +194 +98 +117 +149 +61 +73 +92 +33 +41 +53 +20 +28 +13 +21
+160 +110 +110 +65 +65 +65 +40 +40 +40 +20 +20 +20 +7 +7 0 0
24 30
+270 +182 +220

30 40
+170 +120 +120 +119 +142 +180 +75 +89 +112 +41 +50 +64 +25 +34 +16 +25
+280 +192 +230 +80 +80 +80 +50 +50 +50 +25 +25 +25 +9 +9 0 0
40 50
+180 +130 +130
+310 +214 +260
50 65
+190 +140 +140 +146 +174 +220 +90 +106 +134 +49 +60 +76 +29 +40 +19 +30
+320 +224 +270 +100 +100 +100 +60 +60 +60 +30 +30 +30 +10 +10 0 0
65 80
+200 +150 +150
+360 +257 +310
80 100
+220 +170 +170 +174 +207 +260 +107 +126 +159 +58 +71 +90 +34 +47 +22 +35
+380 +267 +320 +120 +120 +120 +72 +72 +72 +36 +36 +36 +12 +12 0 0
100 120
+240 +180 +180
+420 +300 +360

120 140
+260 +200 +200
+440 +310 +370 +208 +245 +305 +125 +148 +185 +68 +83 +106 +39 +54 +25 +40
140 160
+280 +210 +210 +145 +145 +145 +85 +85 +85 +43 +43 +43 +14 +14 0 0
+470 +330 +390
160 180
+310 +230 +230
+525 +355 +425
180 200
+340 +240 +240
+565 +375 +445 +242 +285 +355 +146 +172 +215 +79 +96 +122 +44 +61 +29 +46
200 225
+380 +260 +260 +170 +170 +170 +100 +100 +100 +50 +50 +50 +15 +15 0 0
+605 +395 +465
225 250
+420 +280 +280
+690 +430 +510
250 280
+480 +300 +300 +271 +320 +400 +162 +191 +240 +88 +108 +137 +49 +69 +32 +52
TECHNICAL
+750 +460 +540 +190 +190 +190 +110 +110 +110 +56 +56 +56 +17 +17 0 0
DATA
280 315
+540 +330 +330
+830 +500 +590
315 355
+600 +360 +360 +299 +350 +440 +182 +214 +265 +98 +119 +151 +54 +75 +36 +57
+910 +540 +630 +210 +210 +210 +125 +125 +125 +62 +62 +62 +18 +18 0 0
355 400
+680 +400 +400
+1010 +595 +690
400 450
+760 +440 +440 +327 +385 +480 +198 +232 +290 +108 +131 +165 +60 +83 +40 +63
+1090 +635 +730 +230 +230 +230 +135 +135 +135 +68 +68 +68 +20 +20 0 0
450 500
+840 +480 +480
(Note) Values shown in the upper portion of the respective boxes are the upper dimensional tolerance, while values shown in the lower portion
are the lower dimensional tolerance.
G046
Units : ! m
Class of Geometrical Tolerance Zone of Holes
H8 H9 H10 JS6 JS7 K6 K7 M6 M7 N6 N7 P6 P7 R7 S7 T7 U7 X7

+14 +25 +40 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 10 14 18 20
±3 ±5
0 0 0 6 10 8 12 10 14 12 16 20 24 28 30
+18 +30 +48 +2 +3 1 0 5 4 9 8 11 15 19 24
±4 ±6
0 0 0 6 9 9 12 13 16 17 20 23 27 31 36
+22 +36 +58 +2 +5 3 0 7 4 12 9 13 17 22 28
±4.5 ±7
0 0 0 7 10 12 15 16 19 21 24 28 32 37 43
33

+27 +43 +70 +2 +6 4 0 9 5 15 11 16 21 26 51
±5.5 ±9
0 0 0 9 12 15 18 20 23 26 29 34 39 44 38

56
33 46

+33 +52 +84 +2 +6 4 0 11 7 18 14 20 27 54 67
±6.5 ±10
0 0 0 11 15 17 21 24 28 31 35 41 48 33 40 56
54 61 77
39 51
+39 +62 +100 +3 +7 4 0 12 8 21 17 25 34 64 76
±8 ±12
0 0 0 13 18 20 25 28 33 37 42 50 59 45 61
70 86
30 42 55 76
+46 +74 +120 +4 +9 5 0 14 9 26 21 60 72 85 106
±9.5 ±15
0 0 0 15 21 24 30 33 39 45 51 32 48 64 91
62 78 94 121
38 58 78 111
+54 +87 +140 +4 +10 6 0 16 10 30 24 73 93 113 146
±11 ±17
0 0 0 18 25 28 35 38 45 52 59 41 66 91 131
76 101 126 166

48 77 107
88 117 147
+63 +100 +160 +4 +12 8 0 20 12 36 28 50 85 119
±12.5 ±20
0 0 0 21 28 33 40 45 52 61 68 90 125 159
53 93 131
93 133 171
60 105
106 151
+72 +115 +185 +5 +13 8 0 22 14 41 33 63 113
±14.5 ±23
0 0 0 24 33 37 46 51 60 70 79 109 159
67 123
113 169
74
+81 +130 +210 +5 +16 9 0 25 14 47 36 126
TECHNICAL
±16 ±26
0 0 0 27 36 41 52 57 66 79 88 78
DATA
130
87
+89 +140 +230 +7 +17 10 0 26 16 51 41 144
±18 ±28
0 0 0 29 40 46 57 62 73 87 98 93
150
103
+97 +155 +250 +8 +18 10 0 27 17 55 45 166
±20 ±31
0 0 0 32 45 50 63 67 80 95 108 109
172
G047
TECHNICAL DATA
FIT TOLERANCE TABLE(SHAFT)

Classification
of Standard
Class of Geometrical Tolerance Zone of Shafts
Dimensions
(mm)
> < b9 c9 d8 d9 e7 e8 e9 f6 f7 f8 g5 g6 h5 h6 h7
140 60 20 20 14 14 14 6 6 6 2 2 0 0 0
3
165 85 34 45 24 28 39 12 16 20 6 8 4 6 10
140 70 30 30 20 20 20 10 10 10 4 4 0 0 0
3 6
170 100 48 60 32 38 50 18 22 28 9 12 5 8 12
150 80 40 40 25 25 25 13 13 13 5 5 0 0 0
6 10
186 116 62 76 40 47 61 22 28 35 11 14 6 9 15
10 14
150 95 50 50 32 32 32 16 16 16 6 6 0 0 0
193 138 77 93 50 59 75 27 34 43 14 17 8 11 18
14 18
18 24
160 110 65 65 40 40 40 20 20 20 7 7 0 0 0
212 162 98 117 61 73 92 33 41 53 16 20 9 13 21
24 30
170 120
30 40
232 182 80 80 50 50 50 25 25 25 9 9 0 0 0
180 130 119 142 75 89 112 41 50 64 20 25 11 16 25
40 50
242 192
190 140
50 65
264 214 100 100 60 60 60 30 30 30 10 10 0 0 0
200 150 146 174 90 106 134 49 60 76 23 29 13 19 30
65 80
274 224
220 170
80 100
307 257 120 120 72 72 72 36 36 36 12 12 0 0 0
240 180 174 207 107 126 159 58 71 90 27 34 15 22 35
100 120
327 267
260 200
120 140
360 300
280 210 145 145 85 85 85 43 43 43 14 14 0 0 0
140 160
380 310 208 245 125 148 185 68 83 106 32 39 18 25 40
310 230
160 180
410 330
340 240
180 200
455 355
380 260 170 170 100 100 100 50 50 50 15 15 0 0 0
200 225
495 375 242 285 146 172 215 79 96 122 35 44 20 29 46
420 280
225 250
535 395
480 300
250 280
610 430 190 190 110 110 110 56 56 56 17 17 0 0 0
TECHNICAL
540 330 271 320 162 191 240 88 108 137 40 49 23 32 52

DATA
280 315
670 460
600 360
315 355
740 500 210 210 125 125 125 62 62 62 18 18 0 0 0
680 400 299 350 182 214 265 98 119 151 43 54 25 36 57
355 400
820 540
760 440
400 450
915 595 230 230 135 135 135 68 68 68 20 20 0 0 0
840 480 327 385 198 232 290 108 131 165 47 60 27 40 63
450 500
995 635
(Note) Values shown in the upper portion of the respective boxes are the upper dimensional tolerance, while values shown in the lower portion
are the lower dimensional tolerance.
G048
Units : ! m
Class of Geometrical Tolerance Zone of Shafts
h8 h9 js5 js6 js7 k5 k6 m5 m6 n6 p6 r6 s6 t6 u6 x6

0 0 +4 +6 +6 +8 +10 +12 +16 +20 +24 +26
±2 ±3 ±5
14 25 0 0 +2 +2 +4 +6 +10 +14 +18 +20
0 0 +6 +9 +9 +12 +16 +20 +23 +27 +31 +36
±2.5 ±4 ±6
18 30 +1 +1 +4 +4 +8 +12 +15 +19 +23 +28
0 0 +7 +10 +12 +15 +19 +24 +28 +32 +37 +43
±3 ±4.5 ±7
22 36 +1 +1 +6 +6 +10 +15 +19 +23 +28 +34
+51
0 0 +9 +12 +15 +18 +23 +29 +34 +39 +44 +40
±4 ±5.5 ±9
27 43 +1 +1 +7 +7 +12 +18 +23 +28 +33 +56
+45
+54 +67

0 0 +11 +15 +17 +21 +28 +35 +41 +48 +41 +54
±4.5 ±6.5 ±10
33 52 +2 +2 +8 +8 +15 +22 +28 +35 +54 +61 +77
+41 +48 +64
+64 +76
0 0 +13 +18 +20 +25 +33 +42 +50 +59 +48 +60
±5.5 ±8 ±12
39 62 +2 +2 +9 +9 +17 +26 +34 +43 +70 +86
+54 +70
+60 +72 +85 +106
0 0 +15 +21 +24 +30 +39 +51 +41 +53 +66 +87
±6.5 ±9.5 ±15
46 74 +2 +2 +11 +11 +20 +32 +62 +78 +94 +121
+43 +59 +75 +102
+73 +93 +113 +146
0 0 +18 +25 +28 +35 +45 +59 +51 +71 +91 +124
±7.5 ±11 ±17
54 87 +3 +3 +13 +13 +23 +37 +76 +101 +126 +166

+54 +79 +104 +144
+88 +117 +147
+63 +92 +122
0 0 +21 +28 +33 +40 +52 +68 +90 +125 +159
±9 ±12.5 ±20
63 100 +3 +3 +15 +15 +27 +43 +65 +100 +134
+93 +133 +171
+68 +108 +146
+106 +151
+77 +122
0 0 +24 +33 +37 +46 +60 +79 +109 +159
±10 ±14.5 ±23
72 115 +4 +4 +17 +17 +31 +50 +80 +130
+113 +169
+84 +140
+126
0 0 +27 +36 +43 +52 +66 +88 +94
TECHNICAL
±11.5 ±16 ±26

81 130 +4 +4 +20 +20 +34 +56 +130
DATA
+98
+144
0 0 +29 +40 +46 +57 +73 +98 +108
±12.5 ±18 ±28
89 140 +4 +4 +21 +21 +37 +62 +150
+114
+166
0 0 +32 +45 +50 +63 +80 +108 +126
±13.5 ±20 ±31
97 155 +5 +5 +23 +23 +40 +68 +172
+132
G049
TECHNICAL DATA
TAPER STANDARD
t5 l3
Fig.1 L t1 Fig.2
Taper 7/24
Bolt Grip Taper National Taper l2
l4
øD1
ød3
ød1
øD2
øD1
øD2
60°
ød1
ød3
60°
(ød5)
l1
Taper 7/24 t2
t3 l2 l5
a Table 1
Bearing Number D1 D2 t1 t2 t3 t5 d1 d3 L g d5
BT35 53 43 20 10 13.0 2 38.1 13 56.5 M12×1.75 21.62

BT40 63 53 25 10 16.6 2 44.45 17 65.4 M16×2 25.3
BT45 85 73 30 12 21.2 3 57.15 21 82.8 M20×25 33.1
BT50 100 85 35 15 23.2 3 69.85 25 101.8 M24×3 40.1
BT60 155 135 45 20 28.2 3 107.95 31 161.8 M30×3.5 60.7
a Table 2
g
NT Number D1 d1 l l1 Metric Wit • l2 l3 d3 l4 D2 l5
Screw Screw
30 31.75 17.4 70 50 M12 W 1/2 24 50 16.5 6 50 8
40 44.45 25.3 95 67 M16 W 5/8 30 70 24 7 63 10
50 69.85 39.6 130 105 M24 W 1 45 90 38 11 100 13
60 107.95 60.2 210 165 M30 W1 /4
1
56 110 58 12 170 15
ød1
øD
Fig.3 Fig.4
b
MTNo. K
øD1
d°
Morse Taper R Morse Taper
øD
e
ød
(Shank with Tongue) (Shank with Screw)

ød1
60°
l1 a MTNo.
l2
øD1
d°
c
r t d2
ød2
r l1 a
l2
8°18
a Table 3 Shank with Tongue

Morse Taper
Number D a D1 d1 d2 l1 l2 b c e R r
TAPER STANDARD
0 9.045 3 9.201 6.104 6 56.5 59.5 3.9 6.5 10.5 4 1

1 12.065 3.5 12.240 8.972 8.7 62.0 65.5 5.2 8.5 13.5 5 1.2
2 17.780 5 18.030 14.034 13.5 75.0 80.0 6.3 10 16 6 1.6
3 23.825 5 24.076 19.107 18.5 94.0 99 7.9 13 20 7 2
4 31.267 6.5 31.605 25.164 24.5 117.5 124 11.9 16 24 8 2.5
5 44.399 6.5 44.741 36.531 35.7 149.5 156 15.9 19 29 10 3
6 63.348 8 63.765 52.399 51.0 210.0 218 19 27 40 13 4
7 83.058 10 83.578 68.185 66.8 286.0 296 28.6 35 54 19 5
a Table 4 Shank with Screw
TECHNICAL
DATA
Morse Taper
Number D a D1 d d1 l1 l2 t r d2 K
0 9.045 3 9.201 6.442 6 50 53 4 0.2

1 12.065 3.5 12.240 9.396 9 53.5 57 5 0.2 M6 16
2 17.780 5 18.030 14.583 14 64 69 5 0.2 M10 24
3 23.825 5 24.076 19.759 19 81 86 7 0.6 M12 28
4 31.267 6.5 31.605 25.943 25 102.5 109 9 1.0 M16 32
5 44.399 6.5 44.741 37.584 35.7 129.5 136 9 2.5 M20 40
6 63.348 8 63.765 53.859 51 182 190 12 4.0 M24 50
7 83.058 10 83.578 70.052 65 250 260 18.5 5.0 M33 80
G050
DRILL DIAMETERS
FOR TAPPING
a Metric Coarse Screw a Metric Fine Screw
Thread Thread
Drill Diameter Drill Diameter Drill Diameter Drill Diameter
Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal
HSS Carbide HSS Carbide HSS Carbide HSS Carbide
M1 ×0.25 0.75 0.75 M1 ×0.2 0.80 0.80 M20 ×2.0 18.0 18.3 M42 ×3.0 39.0
M1.1×0.25 0.85 0.85 M1.1×0.2 0.90 0.90 M20 ×1.5 18.5 18.7 M42 ×2.0 40.0
M1.2×0.25 0.95 0.95 M1.2×0.2 1.00 1.00 M20 ×1.0 19.0 19.1 M42 ×1.5 40.5
M1.4×0.3 1.10 1.10 M1.4×0.2 1.20 1.20 M22 ×2.0 20.0 M45 ×4.0 41.0
M1.6×0.35 1.25 1.30 M1.6×0.2 1.40 1.40 M22 ×1.5 20.5 M45 ×3.0 42.0
M1.7×0.35 1.35 1.40 M1.8×0.2 1.60 1.60 M22 ×1.0 21.0 M45 ×2.0 43.0
M1.8×0.35 1.45 1.50 M2 ×0.25 1.75 1.75 M24 ×2.0 22.0 M45 ×1.5 43.5
M2 ×0.4 1.60 1.65 M2.2×0.25 1.95 2.00 M24 ×1.5 22.5 M48 ×4.0 44.0
M2.2×0.45 1.75 1.80 M2.5×0.35 2.20 2.20 M24 ×1.0 23.0 M48 ×3.0 45.0
M2.3×0.4 1.90 1.95 M3 ×0.35 2.70 2.70 M25 ×2.0 23.0 M48 ×2.0 46.0
M2.5×0.45 2.10 2.15 M3.5×0.35 3.20 3.20 M25 ×1.5 23.5 M48 ×1.5 46.5
M2.6×0.45 2.15 2.20 M4 ×0.5 3.50 3.55 M25 ×1.0 24.0 M50 ×3.0 47.0
M3 ×0.5 2.50 2.55 M4.5×0.5 4.00 4.05 M26 ×1.5 24.5 M50 ×2.0 48.0
M3.5×0.6 2.90 2.95 M5 ×0.5 4.50 4.55 M27 ×2.0 25.0 M50 ×1.5 48.5
M4 ×0.7 3.3 3.4 M5.5×0.5 5.00 5.05 M27 ×1.5 25.5
M4.5×0.75 3.8 3.9 M6 ×0.75 5.30 5.35 M27 ×1.0 26.0
M5 ×0.8 4.2 4.3 M7 ×0.75 6.30 6.35 M28 ×2.0 26.0
M6 ×1.0 5.0 5.1 M8 ×1.0 7.00 7.10 M28 ×1.5 26.5
M7 ×1.0 6.0 6.1 M8 ×0.75 7.30 7.35 M28 ×1.0 27.0
M8 ×1.25 6.8 6.9 M9 ×1.0 8.00 8.10 M30 ×3.0 27.0
M9 ×1.25 7.8 7.9 M9 ×0.75 8.30 8.35 M30 ×2.0 28.0
DRILL DIAMETERS FOR TAPPING

M10 ×1.5 8.5 8.7 M10 ×1.25 8.80 8.90 M30 ×1.5 28.5
M11 ×1.5 9.5 9.7 M10 ×1.0 9.00 9.10 M30 ×1.0 29.0
M12 ×1.75 10.3 10.5 M10 ×0.75 9.30 9.35 M32 ×2.0 30.0
M14 ×2.0 12.0 12.2 M11 ×1.0 10.0 10.1 M32 ×1.5 30.5
M16 ×2.0 14.0 14.2 M11 ×0.75 10.3 10.3 M33 ×3.0 30.0
M18 ×2.5 15.5 15.7 M12 ×1.5 10.5 10.7 M33 ×2.0 31.0
M20 ×2.5 17.5 17.7 M12 ×1.25 10.8 10.9 M33 ×1.5 31.5
M22 ×2.5 19.5 19.7 M12 ×1.0 11.0 11.1 M35 ×1.5 33.5
M24 ×3.0 21.0 M14 ×1.5 12.5 12.7 M36 ×3.0 33.0
M27 ×3.0 24.0 M14 ×1.0 13.0 13.1 M36 ×2.0 34.0
M30 ×3.5 26.5 M15 ×1.5 13.5 13.7 M36 ×1.5 34.5
M33 ×3.5 29.5 M15 ×1.0 14.0 14.1 M38 ×1.5 36.5
M36 ×4.0 32.0 M16 ×1.5 14.5 14.7 M39 ×3.0 36.0
TECHNICAL
DATA
M39 ×4.0 35.0 M16 ×1.0 15.0 15.1 M39 ×2.0 37.0
M42 ×4.5 37.5 M17 ×1.5 15.5 15.7 M39 ×1.5 37.5
M45 ×4.5 40.5 M17 ×1.0 16.0 16.1 M40 ×3.0 37.0
M48 ×5.0 43.0 M18 ×2.0 16.0 16.3 M40 ×2.0 38.0
M18 ×1.5 16.5 16.7 M40 ×1.5 38.5
M18 ×1.0 17.0 17.1 M42 ×4.0 38.0
(Note) Hole sizes should be measured since the accuracy of a drilled hole may change due to the drilling conditions, and if found to be
inappropriate for a tapping hole, the drill diameter must be corrected accordingly.
G051
TECHNICAL DATA
HEXAGON SOCKET HEAD BOLT HOLE SIZE•

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
øD'
DIMENSIONS OF COUNTERBORING FOR HEXAGON SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREW AND BOLT HOLE Unit : mm øD
Nominal dimensions M3
H"
M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M14 M16 M18 M20 M22 M24 M27 M30
H
of thread d
ød'
d1 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27 30
d' 3.4 4.5 5.5 6.6 9 11 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 30 33 d
ød1
D 5.5 7 8.5 10 13 16 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 40 45
D' 6.5 8 9.5 11 14 17.5 20 23 26 29 32 35 39 43 48
H 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27 30
H' 2.7 3.6 4.6 5.5 7.4 9.2 11 12.8 14.5 16.5 18.5 20.5 22.5 25 28 øD'
HEXAGON SOCKET HEAD BOLT HOLE SIZE•INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
øD
H" 3.3 4.4 5.4 6.5 8.6 10.8 13 15.2 17.5 19.5 21.5 23.5 25.5 29 32
H
H'
ød'
ød1 d
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS

y UNIT CONVERSION TABLE for EASIER CHANGE into SI UNITS
(Bold type Indicates SI unit)
a Pressure
Pa kPa MPa bar kgf/cm2 atm mmH2O mmHg or Torr
1 1×10-3 1×10-6 1×10-5 1.01972×10-5 9.86923×10-6 1.01972×10-1 7.50062×10-3

1×103 1 1×10-3 1×10-2 1.01972×10-2 9.86923×10-3 1.01972×102 7.50062
1×106 1×103 1 1×10 1.01972×10 9.86923 1.01972×105 7.50062×103
1×105 1×102 1×10-1 1 1.01972 9.86923×10-1 1.01972×104 7.50062×102
9.80665×104 9.80665×10 9.80665×10-2 9.80665×10-1 1 9.67841×10-1 1×104 7.35559×102
1.01325×105 1.01325×102 1.01325×10-1 1.01325 1.03323 1 1.03323×104 7.60000×102
9.80665 9.80665×10-3 9.80665×10-6 9.80665×10-5 1×10-4 9.67841×10-5 1 7.35559×10-2
1.33322×102 1.33322×10-1 1.33322×10-4 1.33322×10-3 1.35951×10-3 1.31579×10-3 1.35951×10 1
(Note) 1Pa=1N/m2
a Force a Stress
N dyn kgf Pa MPa or N/mm2 kgf/mm2 kgf/cm2
1 1×105 1.01972×10-1 1 1×10-6 1.01972×10-7 1.01972×10-5

1×10-5 1 1.01972×10-6 1×106 1 1.01972×10-1 1.01972×10
9.80665 9.80665×105 1 9.80665×106 9.80665 1 1×102
9.80665×104 9.80665×10-2 1×10-2 1
2
(Note) 1Pa=1N/m
a Work / Energy / Quantity of Heat a Power (Rate of Production / Motive Power) / Heat Flow Rate
TECHNICAL
DATA
J kW • h kgf • m kcal W kgf • m/s PS kcal/h

1 2.77778×10 -7
1.01972×10 -1
2.38889×10 -4
1 1.01972×10-1 1.35962×10-3 8.6000 ×10-1
3.600 ×106 1 3.67098×105 8.6000 ×102 9.80665 1 1.33333×10-2 8.43371
9.80665 2.72407×10 -6
1 2.34270×10 -3
7.355 ×102 7.5 ×10 1 6.32529×102
4.18605×103 1.16279×10-3 4.26858×102 1 1.16279 1.18572×10-1 1.58095×10-3 1
(Note) 1J=1W•s, 1J=1N • m (Note) 1W=1J/s, PS:French horse power
1cal=4.18605J 1PS=0.7355kW
(By the law of weights and measures) 1cal=4.18605J
(By the law of weights and measures)
G052

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TECHNICAL DATA

RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING........................... G002

RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS

a Long chips when finishing. FY Breaker

NX3035 a Rapid wear occurrence in UE6020

UE6110 UE6020 or GH Breaker

UE6110 a Rapid wear occurrence UE6005

a Rapid wear occurrence UE6005

wear occurrence UE6005

a Rapid wear occurrence UE6005

350 a Easy to fracture. UE6020 or GH Breaker

a Long chips. FH Breaker US735

a Easy to fracture. UE6020

High a Interrupted cutting. UE6020

a Rapid wear occurrence RT9005

a Rapid wear occurrence RT9005

a Rapid wear and short MB730 (Cutting speed

RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING

a Rapid wear and short UC5105

a High speed cutting. MD220

0.4 Water (Cutting speed

(0.2 0.6) Soluble

a Low carbon steel. Cutting speed vc=200 250

RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS

150 0.20 0.15

140 0.25 0.20

140 0.10 0.10

z VP15TF (90 190) (0.05 0.15) 0.5 (0.05 0.15) 0.5

130 0.20 0.15

120 0.25 0.20

M Finish F 150 0.10 0.10

150 0.20 0.15

140 0.20 0.20

K Finish F 130 0.15 0.15

H Heat Treated Steel Finish 100 0.10 0.10

(Note 1) When vibrations occur, reduce cutting speed by 30%.

RECOMMENDED CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR BORING BARS

y P TYPE, M TYPE BORING BAR

y BORING BAR FOR ALUMINIUM

TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR TURNING

Insert Grade Cutting Style and Design Machine,

Improve tool holder rigidity

Select a grade with better

the cutting edge

Machine with Inadequate

Select a tougher grade

Tool Holder Overhang

Select chip breaker

Power and Rigidity

Do not use water-

Heavy flank wear a a

Heavy wear, Dull

a Workpiece over Improper cutting a a a

heating can conditions

Burrs Heavy wear, Improper

Improve tool holder rigidity

Select a grade with better

the cutting edge

Machine with Inadequate