BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES
DRILLING

by Endika Gandarias
 Dr. ENDIKA GANDARIAS MINTEGI

Mechanical and Manufacturing department

Mondragon Unibertsitatea - www.mondragon.edu

(Basque Country)

www.linkedin.com/in/endika-gandarias-mintegi-91174653

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 CONTENTS
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION
 MACHINE TYPES
 WORKHOLDING DEVICES
 TOOLHOLDING DEVICES
 DRILLING OPERATIONS
 SAFETY GUIDELINES
 APPLICATIONS
 GLOSSARY

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

The author would like to thank all the bibliographic references and videos that
have contributed to the elaboration of these presentations.

For bibliographic references, please refer to:

• http://www.slideshare.net/endika55/bibliography-71763364 (PDF file)

• http://www.slideshare.net/endika55/bibliography-71763366 (PPT file)

For videos, please refer to:

• www.symbaloo.com/mix/manufacturingtechnology

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 INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

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 INTRODUCTION

DRILLING TECHNOLOGY

Mc

 BASIC MOVEMENTS:
Ma – Mc  Cutting movement (regarding the tool)
– Ma  Feed movement (regarding the tool)

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 INTRODUCTION

Bow drill (strap-drills) Pump drill

Upper Paleolithic era, 10,000 years ago Roman Era, 510 years BC

Brace (tool), 1420 Gimlet, 1750 Auger, 1800 First table top drilling machine
1838

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 INTRODUCTION

Conventional drilling Irregular surface

drilling

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 INTRODUCTION

Typical applications:

2 3 4 5 6

1. Holes with clearance for bolts

2. Holes with a screw thread
3. Countersunk holes
4. Holes that have a good fit
5. Holes that form channels
6. Holes to remove weight for balancing

10
 INTRODUCTION

At home… In industry…

VIDEO
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 INTRODUCTION

 Drilling covers the methods of making cylindrical holes in a workpiece with metal cutting tools.

 The machine tool is called a drill.

 Typical operations: trepanning, counterboring, countersinking, reaming, boring, tapping, center and
pilot hole drilling,…

 Common to all these processes is a main rotating movement combined with a linear feed.

 Demands on chipbreaking and the evacuation of chips is critical in drilling.

F N Spindle speed (rpm)

N
Vc Cutting speed (m/min)

Dc Tool diameter (mm)

F Feed rate (mm/min)

ap Axial cutting depth (mm)

fn vc

ap
Dc VIDEO
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 MACHINE TYPES

MACHINE TYPES

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 MACHINE TYPES

Table top Drilling machine Turret Drilling machine

Higher cutting
removal rate

VIDEO
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 MACHINE TYPES

Pillar Drilling machine Radial Drilling machine

Higher cutting
removal rate

VIDEO VIDEO
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 MACHINE TYPES

CNC Drilling machine Multi Spindle or Gang Drilling machine

Gang-drilling
machine

Multi spindle
VIDEO VIDEO machine
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 WORKHOLDING DEVICES

WORKHOLDING DEVICES

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 WORKHOLDING DEVICES

WORKHOLDING DEVICES
Vise

Clamps

By hand

Special holding devices

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 WORKHOLDING DEVICES

Vise

Plain vise Plain vise with swivel base Universal vise

Angle vise Compound vise Magnetic vise

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 WORKHOLDING DEVICES

Clamps

 Used for big size or irregular parts.

 Part is hold using clamps, t-slot bolts, screws, washers, nuts, parallels, step blocks,…
 It is important to keep in mind the efforts/deformations produced on the part.

T-slot bolt
T-nut Washer

Angle plate
Toe mold clamp

Step block Swing clamp Cam clamp C clamp V block

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 WORKHOLDING DEVICES

By hand

Using the hands Using a hand vise

(long parts) (short parts)

Special holding devices

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 TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

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 TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

TOOLHOLDING DEVICES
Drill chuck

Drill sleeve

Drill socket

Direct clamping

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 TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

Drill chuck  It is used to hold cylindrical shank drills.

KEY TYPE CHUCK KEYLESS CHUCK

Straight Shank

Morse Taper Shank

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 TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

Drill sleeve

 It is used to hold tapered shank drills.

 For too SMALL drills for the tapered hole in the spindle.

Drill socket

 It is used to hold tapered shank drills.

 For too LARGE drills for the tapered hole in the spindle.

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 TOOLHOLDING DEVICES

Direct clamping

Drifts

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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

MACHINING OPERATIONS

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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

DRILLING. Machining operations

Drilling Redrilling Counter boring Spot facing Counter sinking Trepanning

Reaming Center drilling Tapered drilling Step drilling Deep hole drilling Tapping
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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

DRILLING. Drill types

L/Dc

Solid carbide drill

15xD Deep hole drilling

10xD
Trepanning
Big diameter
Brazed drill
carbide drill
5xD

Small
length drill

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 110 Dc

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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

DRILLING. Drill types

Solid carbide drill

 For small diameter holes.

 Drilling depths up to 15xD
 Tight tolerances.
VIDEO
Brazed carbide drill
 Alternative to solid carbide drill for large
diameters and a high stability Is needed (less
sensitive steel body).

Indexable insert drill

 The lowest price per hole.
 Very versatile tool (capable of drilling, re-drilling, boring
and facing).
 Bigger diameter than solid carbide drills.
 Medium tolerances.
VIDEO
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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

DRILLING. Drill types

Big diameter drill

 Standard diameters up to 80mm.

Trepanning

 Standard diameters up to 110mm.

 Interesting when machine power is limited (lower power
consumption than using conventional driills).

VIDEO
Deep hole drill

 Long diameters up to 72 x D.

VIDEO
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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

Layout work When the manual hole center is done before going to the drill.

SCRIBING PUNCH MARKING

Scribing with steel scriber and Scribing with height

steel straight edge gauge scriber

Placing of the prick punch

Scribing with steel scriber Steps when scribing

and try square with dividers
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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

Spot drilling / Center drilling

SPOT DRILLING
The purpose of spot drilling is to drill a hole that will act as a
guide for drilling the final hole.
Used in milling and drilling machines.

CENTER DRILLING
The purpose of center drilling is to drill a hole that will act as a
center of rotation for possible following operations.
Used in turning machines.
VIDEO
Drilling

 It is the most common drilling

operation, where a hole is drilled in
solid material.

Through hole Blind hole VIDEO

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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

Redrilling or boring

 It consists on increasing the hole size.

VIDEO
Trepanning
 Trepanning is commonly used for creating larger diameter holes (up to
1.000 mm) where a standard drill bit is not feasible or economical.

 The trepanning tool does not machine the whole diameter, only a ring at
the periphery.

 In horizontal set-ups, long and heavy cores may require a core support to
prevent the core from falling down (not in vertical).

 This method is for through-hole applications.

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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

Counterboring
 The tool is called “counterbore”, and it has a pilot
to guide the cutting action.

 It is commonly used for:

 enlarging a hole to make a bolt head fit
flush with the surface.
 spot facing in workpieces that are forged or
casted.
VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO
Countersinking

 This process is similar to counterboring, but the step in the hole is cone-
shaped.

 The tool is called “countersink”.

 A common use is:

 to allow the head of a countersunk bolt or screw, when placed in the
hole, to sit flush with or below the surface of the surrounding material.
 to remove the burr left from a previous drilling or tapping operation.
 to enhance pin entry.
VIDEO VIDEO
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 MACHINING OPERATIONS ​
Reaming

 Objective: To achive a good surface roughness and good

dimensional tolerances (H7) in a pre-drilled hole.
 High penetration rates and small depths of cut.
 The tool is called “reamer”.

The reamer never should be

spinned counterclockwise.

RIGHT WRONG

a) Manual reamers: long entry (A)

and length (L)
b) Milling reamers: short entry (A)
and length (L)
c) Reamer with no shank or
separated shank.

Spiral flute Straight flute

Lateral coolant​ supply Axial coolant​ supply VIDEO
For through holes For blind holes
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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

Taper drilling

 Taper drills were engineered to be used to pre drill the pilot holes for the
shank and threaded portion of a wood screw.

Step drilling
 The tool is called “step drill”.

 The transition between this ground diameter and the original diameter is
either straight, to form a counterbore, or angled, to form a countersink.

 These drills are limited to use on thin material (e.g. sheet-metal work).

 Improves production times, reduces number of drills.

VIDEO

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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

Deep hole drilling

Gun drill
 Diameter range 1 - 40mm
 100 x Dc
 IT9, Ra 0,1–3,20 µm

Brazed drill head

 Diameter range 15 - 65mm
 150 x Dc
 IT9, Ra 2 µm

Insert drill head

 Diameter range 25 - 65mm
 150 x Dc
 IT10, Ra 2 µm

Counterboring head
 Diameter range 20 - 280mm
 150 x Dc
 IT 9-10, Ra 1 µm

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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

Tapping AUTOMATIC OPERATION MANUAL OPERATION

T-handle
tap wrench

1- Tapping:

 The tool is called “tap”.

 It is commonly used for small threads.
 Used for manual or automatic operations. Hand tap wrench

Rough

Intermediate

Straight flute tap Spiral flute tap Forming tap

Spiral point tap Finish
VIDEO VIDEO
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 MACHINING OPERATIONS

Tapping
a)
Main spindle
2- Die threading: (chuck)

 The tool is called “die”. Stock (handle)

 It is commonly used for small threads.
 Used for manual operations.
a) Within the lathe.
Die
b) In a bench vise.
VIDEO Part
MANUAL OPERATION

b)
Die

Die handle

Stock
(handle)

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 SAFETY GUIDELINES

SAFETY GUIDELINES

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 SAFETY GUIDELINES

Goggles Gloves Shoes

safety guards or
machine encapsulation
Clothing Ear muff or Ear plug
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 DRILLING APPLICATIONS

DRILLING APPLICATIONS

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 DRILLING APPLICATIONS

STACK DRILLING ROTOR BLADE

Steel Composite or carbon fiber

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 GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY

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 GLOSSARY

ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE

Angle plate Placa angular Plaka angeluar
Auger Barrena Laztabin
Axial cutting depth Profundidad de pasada axial Sakontze sakonera
Balancing Equilibrado Orekatze
Blade Álabe Alabe
Blind Ciego Itsu
Bolt Tornillo Torloju
Boring Mandrinado Mandrinaketa
Bow drill Taladradora de arco Arkuzko zulagailua
Brace Berbiqui Birabarki
Brazed carbide drill Broca soldada de carburo Karburozko soldatutako barautsa
C clamp Sargento Sarjenta
Cam Leva Espeka
Center drill Broca de centrar Zentratzeko barautsa
Center drilling Punteado Punteaketa
Chip Viruta Txirbil
Clamp Brida Brida
Clearance Holgura Lasaiera
Coolant Refrigerante Hozkarria
Counterboring Avellanado Abeilanaketa
Counterclockwise Giro antihorario Erloju orratzen aurkako biraketa
Countersinking Lamado Lamaketa
Die Terraja Terraila
Drill chuck Portabrocas Barauts etxea
Drill drift Cuña Ziri / Falka
Drill sleeve Manguito reductor Zorro murriztaile
Drill socket Manguito ampliador Haunditze zorroa
Drilling Taladrado Zulaketa

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 GLOSSARY

ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE

Ear muff / Ear plug Orejera de casco Entzumen kaskoak
Feed rate Avance por minuto Aitzinamendua minutuko
Finish Acabado Akabera
Fit Ajuste Doikuntza
Flute Estría Ildaska
Gang Grupo Multzo
Gimlet Barrena Laztabin
Gloves Guantes Eskularruak
Goggles Gafas de seguridad Segurtasun betaurrekoak
Height gauge Medidor de altura Altuera neurgailua
Key Llave Giltza
Lathe Torno Tornu
Pillar Columna Zutabe
Prick punch Granete Granete
Reaming Escariado Otxabuketa
Redrilling Retaladrado Birzulaketa
Removal rate Tasa de arranque Harroketa tasa
Ring Anillo Eraztun
Rough Desbaste Arbastaketa
Safety guidelines Normas de seguridad Segurtasun arauak
Scribing Trazado Marraketa
Shank Mango Kirten
Solid carbide drill Broca enteriza de carburo Karburozko pieza bakarreko barautsa
Spindle Cabezal Buru
Spindle speed Velocidad de giro Biraketa abiadura
Spotting drill Broca de puntear Punteatzeko barautsa
Stack Apilar Metatu
Step block Calzo escalonado Altxagarri mailakatua

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 GLOSSARY

ENGLISH SPANISH BASQUE

Step drilling Taladrado escalonado Zulaketa mailakatua
Swing clamp Brida oscilante Brida kulunkari
Swivel base Base giratoria Oinarri birakorra
Table top Escritorio Mahai gaineko
Tang Espiga Mihi / Ziri
Tap Macho de roscar Hariztatzeko ardatza
Taper Cónico Koniko
Tapping Roscado con macho Ardatzarekin egindako hariztaketa
Through hole Pasante Aldez aldeko
Tight Estrecho Estu
Toolhonding device Sistema de amarrar herramientas Erramintak lotzeko sistemak
Trepanning Trepanado Trepanaketa
Try square Escuadra Eskuaira
Turret Torreta Torreta
Vise Mordaza Baraila
Washer Arandela Zirrindola
Workholding device Sistema de amarrar piezas Piezak lotzeko sistemak
Wrench Llave Giltza

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