Name:_______________________________________ Class Period:____ Due Date:___/____/____

Guided Reading & Analysis: The Constitution and The New Republic, 1787 - 1800
Chapter 6- The Constitution and New Republic, pp 103-129
Reading Assignment:
Ch. 6 AMSCO; If you do not have the AMSCO text, use chapter s 9 & 10 of American Pageant
and/or online resources such as the website, podcast, crash course video, chapter outlines,
Hippocampus, etc.

Purpose:
This guide is not only a place to record notes as you read, but also to provide a place and structure
for reflections and analysis using your noggin (thinking skills) with new knowledge gained from the
reading. This guide, if completed in its entirety BOP (Beginning of Period) by the due date,
can be used on the corresponding quiz as well as earn up to 10 bonus points. In addition, completed
guides provide the student with the ability to correct a quiz for points back! The benefits of such
activities, however, go far beyond quiz help and bonus points. Mastery of the course and AP
exam await all who choose to process the information as they read/receive. This is an optional
assignment. So young Jedi what is your choice? Do? Or do not? There is no try.

Directions:
1. Pre-Read: Read the prompts/questions within this guide before you read the chapter. (Image captured from docstoc.com)
2. Skim: Flip through the chapter and note titles and subtitles. Look at images and read captions. Get a feel for the content you are about to read.
3. Read/Analyze: Read the chapter. If you have your own copy of AMSCO, Highlight key events and
people as you read. Remember, the goal is not to fish for a specific answer(s) to reading guide questions, but to consider questions in
order to critically understand what you read!
4. Write Write (do not type) your notes and analysis in the spaces provided. Complete it in INK!

Key Concepts FOR PERIOD 3:

British imperial attempts to reassert control over its colonies and the colonial reaction to these attempts produced a new American republic, along with
struggles over the new nations social, political, and economic identity.
Key Concept 3.1: Britains victory over France in the imperial struggle for North America led to new conflicts among the British government, the North American
colonists, and American Indians, culminating in the creation of a new nation, the United States.
Key Concept 3.2: In the late 18th century, new experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of government, as well as other new religious, economic, and
cultural ideas, challenged traditional imperial systems across the Atlantic World.
Key Concept 3.3: Migration within North America, cooperative interaction, and competition for resources raised questions about boundaries and policies, intensified
conflicts among peoples and nations, and led to contests over the creation of a multiethnic, multiracial national identity.

Section 1: HIPP+
Source: Articles of Confederation : March 1, 1781, National Archives, Public Domain

VII. When land forces are raised by any State for the common defense, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of
each State respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State
which first made the appointment.

VIII. All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defense or general welfare, and allowed by the United States in
Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States in proportion to the value of all land
within each State, granted or surveyed for any person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such
mode as the United States in Congress assembled, shall from time to time direct and appoint. The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and
levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several States within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled.

Historical Context:

Choose 1 of the following:

Intended Audience:
Authors Purpose:
Authors Point of View:

+Other Context (Similar in Kind, In a Different Time)

Section 2 Guided Reading, pp 103-119
As you read the chapter, jot down your notes in the middle column. Consider your notes to be elaborations on the Objectives and Main Ideas presented in the left
column. When you finish the section, analyze what you read by answering the question in the right hand column.

1. The United States Under the Articles pp 103-104

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Analysis

After experiencing the List three motivations of those

limitations of the organizing and attending the
Articles of Annapolis Convention.
Confederation,
American political 1.
leaders wrote a new
Constitution based on
the principles of
federalism and
separation of powers, 2.
crafted a Bill of Rights,
and continued their
debates about the proper
balance between liberty
and order. 3.

Difficulties over trade,

finances, and interstate
and foreign relations, as
well as internal unrest,
led to calls for What was the conclusion reached
at the Annapolis Convention?
significant revisions to
the Articles of
Confederation and a
stronger central
government.

Are you using ink? Remember no pencil!

2. Drafting the Constitution at Philadelphia, pp 104-106

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Analysis

Delegates from the Why did James Madison and Alexander Hamilton
states worked want to draft an entirely new document rather
through a series of than just amending the Articles of
compromises to Confederation?
form a
1.
Constitution for a
new national
government, while 2.
providing limits on
federal power.
3.

Why did Rhode Island refuse to participate?

Delegates from the
states worked
through a series of Explain the role of compromise at the
compromises to Convention in Philadelphia.
form a
Constitution for a
new national
government, while
providing limits on
federal power.

Why did the framers decide only 9 of 13 states

would need to ratify the Constitution, rather than
13 of 13 needed for the Articles of
Confederation?

3. Federalists and Anti-Federalists, pp 106-107

Key Concepts Analysis

& Main Ideas

Delegates What was the most significant argument of the Anti-

from the Federalists?
states worked
through a
series of
compromises
to form a How did George Clinton respond differently than
Constitution Benjamin Franklin to the proposition that the new
for a new federal government have a strong executive branch?
national
government,
while
providing
limits on
federal power. Look up (Google) and List the writers of the Federalist
Papers.

1.

2.

3.

List the writers of the Anti-Federalist Responses.

1.

2.

3.

4.
Delegates from Thomas Jefferson was not at the Convention. He was
the states serving as minister to France and was abroad. He
worked through called the Convention An Assembly of Demigods.
a series of Does this indicate a tendency toward the Federalist or
compromises Anti-Federalist side of the Constitutional debate?
to form a
Constitution
for a new
national
government,
while providing
limits on
federal power.

4. Adding the Bill of Rights, pp 108-109

Key Concepts
& Main Ideas NAnalysis
o
Calls during the t
eHow does the Bill of Rights differ today
ratification ts
process for than their original intent in 1791?

greater
guarantees of
rights resulted in
the addition of a
Bill of Rights
shortly after the
Constitution
was adopted.
Which Amendment was the most
important to the Anti-Federalists?
Explain why.

Which Amendment is the most important

to you? Explain why.

Which Amendment do you think is at the

highest risk of being removed? Explain
why.
5. Washingtons Presidency pp 109-113

Key Concepts & Main

Ideas NAnalysis
o
In response to domestic tSummarize Thomas Jeffersons response to
eeach of the following parts of Alexander
and international s
tensions, the new United Hamiltons financial plan.
States debated and
formulated foreign a. Assumption of debt
policy initiatives and
asserted an international
presence.

The continued presence

b. Tariffs
of European powers in
North America
challenged the United
States to find ways to
safeguard its borders,
maintain neutral trading
rights, and promote its c. National bank
economic interests.

The French
Revolutions spread
throughout Europe and d. Excise taxes
beyond helped fuel
Americans debate not
only about the nature of
the United States
domestic order, but also
about its proper role in How did Thomas Jeffersons view of the French
the world. Revolution differ from Alexander Hamiltons?

The American
Revolution and the
ideals set forth in the Following Jays Treaty, George Washingtons
Declaration of approval rating, to borrow a modern phrase,
Independence had plummeted and there was even talk in the
reverberations in House of impeaching him. Why was this treaty
France, Haiti, and Latin so offensive to some?
America, inspiring future
rebellions.

As the first national

administrations began
to govern under the
Constitution, continued
debates about such
issues as the relationship
between the national Pinckneys Treaty was the silver lining on the
government and the cloud of Jays Treaty. What was the long term
states, economic policy, impact of this treaty?
and the conduct of
foreign affairs led to the
creation of political
parties.

To what extent did the British honor the Treaty
Migration within North of 1783 which stated they recognized the United
America, cooperative States and its new boundaries? What does this
interaction, and foreshadow?
competition for resources
raised questions about
boundaries and policies,
intensified conflicts among
peoples and nations, and
led to contests over the
creation of a multiethnic,
multiracial national
identity. How did the Whiskey Rebellion end differently
than Shays Rebellion?
The French withdrawal
from North America and the
subsequent attempt of
various native groups to
reassert their power over the
What is the significance of this difference?
interior of the continent
resulted in new white-
Indian conflicts along the
western borders of British
and, later, the U.S. colonial
settlement and among
settlers looking to assert
more power in interior How did westward migration impact American
regions. Indians living in the Ohio Valley and Mississippi
Territory?
Migrants from within North
America and around the
world continued to launch
new settlements in the
West, creating new
distinctive backcountry
cultures and fueling social
and ethnic tensions. How did California differ from the United States
in terms of interactions of Whites and Natives?
The Spanish, supported by
the bonded labor of the
local Indians, expanded
their mission settlements
into California, providing
opportunities for social
mobility among enterprising
soldiers and settlers that led
to new cultural blending.

6. Political Parties, pp 113-115

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Analysis

Explain how the first two-party system

As the first national illustrated the evolving American
administrations System and American identity.
began to govern
under the
Constitution,
continued debates
about such issues as
the relationship
between the national
government and the
states, economic
policy, and the
conduct of foreign
affairs led to the
creation of political
parties.
Main Idea: Although George Washingtons Farewell Address warned about the dangers of divisive political parties and permanent foreign
alliances, European conflict and tensions with Britain and France fueled increasingly bitter partisan debates throughout the 1790s.

George Washingtons FAREWELL ADDRESS - Read and highlight main points (make sure you note each key concept as
summarized in your AMSCO test!) (Excerpts captured from https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/gwfare.htm)

To the People of the United States. September 17th, 1796

31 Observe good faith and justice towards all Nations; cultivate peace and harmony with all. Religion and Morality enjoin this
conduct; and can it be, that good policy does not equally enjoin it? It will be worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant period, a
great Nation, to give to mankind the magnanimous and too novel example of a people always guided by an exalted justice and
benevolence. Who can doubt, that, in the course of time and things, the fruits of such a plan would richly repay any temporary
advantages, which might be lost by a steady adherence to it ? Can it be, that Providence has not connected the permanent felicity of a
Nation with its Virtue? The experiment, at least, is recommended by every sentiment which ennobles human nature. Alas! Is it
rendered impossible by its vices ?

32 In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more essential, than that permanent, inveterate antipathies against particular Nations, and
passionate attachments for others, should be excluded; and that, in place of them, just and amicable feelings towards all should be
cultivated. The Nation, which indulges towards another an habitual hatred, or an habitual fondness, is in some degree a slave. It is a slave
to its animosity or to its affection, either which is sufficient to lead it astray from its duty and its interest. Antipathy in one
nation against another disposes each more readily to offer insult and injury, to lay hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty and
intractable, when accidental or trifling occasions of dispute occur. Hence frequent collisions, obstinate, envenomed, and bloody contests.
The Nation, prompted by ill-will and resentment, sometimes impels to war the Government, contrary to the best calculations of policy. The
Government sometimes participates in the national propensity, and adopts through passion what reason would reject; at other times, it
makes the animosity of the nation subservient projects of hostility instigated by pride, ambition, and other sinister and pernicious motives.
The peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty, of Nations has been the victim.

33 So likewise, a passionate attachment of one Nation for another produces a variety of evils. Sympathy for the favorite Nation,
facilitating the illusion of an imaginary common interest, in cases where no real common interest exists, and infusing into one the
enmities of the other, betrays the former into a participation in the quarrels and wars of the latter, without adequate inducement or
justification. It leads also to concessions to the favorite Nation of privileges denied to others, which is apt doubly to injure the Nation
making the concessions; by unnecessarily parting with what ought to have been retained; and by exciting jealousy, ill-will, and a
disposition to retaliate, in the parties from whom equal privileges are withheld. And it gives to ambitious, corrupted, or deluded
citizens, (who devote themselves to the favorite nation,) facility to betray or sacrifice the interests of their own country, without
odium, sometimes even with popularity; gilding, with the appearances of a virtuous sense of obligation, a commendable deference for
public opinion, or a laudable zeal for public good, the base or foolish compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuation.

34 As avenues to foreign influence in innumerable ways, such attachments are particularly alarming to the truly enlightened and
independent Patriot. How many opportunities do they afford to tamper with domestic factions, to practice the arts of seduction, to
mislead public opinion, to influence or awe the Public Councils! Such an attachment of a small or weak, towards a great and powerful
nation, dooms the former to be the satellite of the latter.

35 Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I conjure you to believe me, fellow-citizens,) the jealousy of a free people ought to be
constantly awake; since history and experience prove, that foreign influence Is one of the most baneful foes of Republican
Government. But that jealousy, to be useful, must be impartial; else it becomes the instrument of the very influence to be avoided,
instead of a defense against it. Excessive partiality for one foreign nation, and excessive dislike of another, cause those whom they
actuate to see danger only on one side, and serve to veil and even second the arts of influence on the other. Real patriots, who may
resist the intrigues of the favorite, are liable to become suspected and odious; while its tools and dupes usurp the applause and
confidence of the people, to surrender their interests.

36 The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little
political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let
us stop.

37 Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent
controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate
ourselves, by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or
enmities.
38 Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a different course. If we remain one people, under an efficient
government, the period is not far off, when we may defy material injury from external annoyance; when we may take such an attitude as
will cause the neutrality, we may at any time resolve upon, to be scrupulously respected; when belligerent nations, under the
impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightly hazard the giving us provocation; when we may choose peace or war, as our
interest, guided by justice, shall counsel.

39 Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a situation? Why quit our own to stand upon foreign ground? Why, by interweaving our
destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rival ship, interest, humor,
or caprice?

40 It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are now at
liberty to do it; for let me not be understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to existing engagements. I hold the maxim no less
applicable to public than to private affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I repeat it, therefore, let those engagements be
observed in their genuine sense. But, in my opinion, it is unnecessary and would be unwise to extend them.

41 Taking care always to keep ourselves, by suitable establishments, on a respectable defensive posture, we may safely trust to
temporary alliances for extraordinary emergencies.

42 Harmony, liberal intercourse with all nations, are recommended by policy, humanity, and interest. But even our commercial policy
should hold an equal and impartial hand; neither seeking nor granting exclusive favors or preferences; consulting the natural course of
things; diffusing and diversifying by gentle means the streams of commerce, but forcing nothing; establishing, with powers so
disposed, in order to give trade a stable course, to define the rights of our merchants, and to enable the government to support them,
conventional rules of intercourse, the best that present circumstances and mutual opinion will permit, but temporary, and liable to be from
time to time abandoned or varied, as experience and circumstances shall dictate; constantly keeping in view, that it is folly in one nation to
look for disinterested favors from another; that it must pay with a portion of its independence for whatever it may accept under that
character; that, by such acceptance, it may place itself in the condition of having given equivalents for nominal favors, and yet of being
reproached with ingratitude for not giving more. There can be no greater error than to expect or calculate upon real favors from nation to
nation. It is an illusion, which experience must cure, which a just pride ought to discard.

How long did the nation follow Washingtons lead on 2-term limit?

How long did the nation follow Washingtons lead on neutrality?

Why did Washington believe political parties were dangerous?

What did Washington fear in Americas future?

Food For Thought: Why is George Washingtons Farewell Address read aloud on the floor of the Senate annuallyevery year since 1862?

7. John Adams Presidency, pp 115-117

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas NAnalysis
o
tExplain the weakness in the
As national political e
institutions sPresidential election process in 1796.
developed in the new What does this flaw reveal about the
United States, Framers?
varying regionally
based positions on
economic, political,
social, and foreign
policy issues
promoted the
development of
political parties.

C
o
n
As national political These two political parties are NOT the
institutions
same as the Federalists and Anti-
developed in the new
United States, Federalists of the Constitutional
varying regionally Convention and ratification process.
based positions on
economic, political, What is similar?
social, and foreign
(between Feds & Anti-Feds and the first two
policy issues political parties)
promoted the
development of
political parties.

As the first
national
What is different?
administrations
(between Feds & Anti-Feds and the first two
began to govern political parties)
under the
Constitution,
continued debates
about such issues
as the relationship
between the
national
government and
John Adams is one of the most underrated
the states,
presidents. Support, refute, or modify this
economic policy,
statement.
and the conduct of
foreign affairs led
to the creation of
political parties.

Explain how James Madison and Thomas

Jefferson illustrated the continued
American spirit of rebellion after
independence and the creation new
republic?

8. The Election of 1800, pp 117-118

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Analysis

continued debates What role did Alexander Hamilton

about such issues as play in the election of 1800?
the relationship
between the national
government and the
states, economic
policy, and the
conduct of foreign
affairs led to the
creation of political
Did this cause his death?
parties.
 Why is this election sometimes called
the Revolution of 1800?

9. Historical Perspectives: What Does the Constitution Mean? pp 118-119(Read only)

Food For Thought

I have been greatly abused, have been obliged to do more than my part in the war; been loaded with class rates, town rates, province rates, Continental rates and all rates
been pulled and hauled by sheriffs, constables and collectors, and had my cattle sold for less than they were worth The great men are going to get all we have and I think it is
time for us to rise and put a stop to it, and have no more courts, nor sheriffs, nor collectors nor lawyers.
Source: A Massachusetts farmer and Shays-ite, 1786

How much power should government have?

Is anarchy preferable to a powerful government?

New claims will arise; women will demand the vote; lads from 12-21 will think their rights not enough attended to; and every man who has not a farthing, will demand an
equal voice with any other. Source: John Adams, warning against expanding suffrage, 1776

Give the votes to the people who have no property, and they will sell them to the rich. Source: Gouverneur Morris, 1787

Who had the right to vote in the early republic?

Why were some founders afraid of universal suffrage?

In what ways has suffrage changed since the early republic?

..