Black Gaviola - Project 3 Final
Black Gaviola - Project 3 Final
Black Gaviola - Project 3 Final
Abstract
The following thetic essay focuses on the evolution of popular music in the United States
within the 20th and 21st century. The author reviews the drastic shifts of musical genres that
appealed to major populations from each time period or decade. These musical revolutions
would then influence popular music in the present. With this background information, the writer
ends this piece by refuting the arguments critics may have against todays popular music.
Im behind the wheel, the windows down, wind in my hair, and the radios blasting with
my favorite tunes. I pick up my good friends, and were off on our adventures. From the radio,
we start to hear a new and overplayed Taylor Swift tune, and my friend, Lance, immediately
requests to change the radio station. I change the station, and Justin Biebers new hit starts
playing, so he asked to change it again. The next radio station was in the middle of playing
Selena Gomez charted song. Lance then starts to express his distaste for popular music. In
reality, however, I dont think Lance realizes that the music we hear on the radio today wasnt
just crafted overnight. In fact, todays musical influences traces back to the late 19th century with
the inventions that produce different frequencies of sounds, which eventually branch out to
different genres. Yet, not many realize that popular music covers a wide range of musical genres
that simply appeal to the general public. Although many believe that popular music sounds
similar overall and the lyrics seem meaningless, popular music is not a single genre since it
covers a wide variety of musical genres that come with artists purposes. In the past 20th and 21st
century of the United States, popular music has continued to evolve through the different genres,
lyrics, and themes artists create as their own, yet still remains a part of what the wider population
Before diving into the differing musical genres that became our own favorite music, lets
take a quick look at the physical developments that created these sounds. For more than half a
century, many tune in to the annual Grammy Awards to honor those who have contributed their
outstanding achievements in the music industry by handing them a trophy of a gold gramophone.
Have todays kids ever even seen or used a real gramophone, though? Thanks to Thomas Edison
and Emile Berliner, Edisons phonograph inspired Berliner to create the gramophone that first
The Most Versatile 4
recorded sound from flat discs in 1877. This invention became a key phenomenon to the birth of
popular music. The mass production of discs for the gramophone allowed middle-class
consumers to enjoy popular music in their own homes. In the same period, one of the earliest
group of composers and publishers arose from New York known as the Tin Pan Alley, which
produced sheet music for sale. As we look into the 20th century, more innovations come to play,
such as the radio, which caused gramophone and sheet music sales to drop. Halfway through the
century, tape recorders were created, which allowed collaborating artists to record their parts at
different times. As decades progressed, the technology did as well with the compact discs and
even the television that allowed the popularity of music-related shows, such as MTV2
(University). You may be wondering why I just threw a bunch of tedious information about these
creations. But its important to realize that these developments are the whole basis of why we
One of the earliest legends in popular music, as we know him as the King of Rock and
Roll, is Elvis Presley. Our grandparents, or even parents, may have influenced us to know some
of his greatest hits: Cant Help Falling In Love, Jailhouse Rock, and Hound Dog. Still
today, artists, including Youtubers, are inspired to recreate their own versions of his songs. Many
recognize Elvis contributions to make Rock and Roll the appeal to popular music in the 1950s,
yet very few are aware of the history of his own influences. Rock and Roll stemmed from the
musical genres of Rhythm & Blues and Country music. In fact, Rhythm & Blues developed from
Blues, which traces back from African American religious music and a call and response they
utilized to communicate as they worked as slaves on plantations in the southern region of the
United States. Blues later transformed into Rhythm & Blues following the Great Migration in
The Most Versatile 5
which black folks traveled north into urban areas, including Chicago, thus creating these new
sounds (University).
Unfortunately, during this time, racial tensions between whites and blacks
allowed Elvis to rise to stardom while the significant African American contributors including
Chuck Berry, Muddy Waters, Little Richard, and Ray Charles were left in the background.
Although these black artists werent given enough credit for their contributions at the time,
Elvis popularity actually appealed to the young audience, black and white. Despite the concerns
of white parents with the idea of Rock and Roll having some origins from the black population,
this fandom created a sense of community between the two races, and pushed for integration and
more opportunities for blacks in the next decades. Rock and Rolls popularity to youth culture
As we look further into the progression of popular music, there are three other
revolutions that are considered to be the most influential changes in the history of pop. This
includes the revolution of the 1960s in which rock and soul rise in popularity with The Beatles
Hey Jude and My Girl by The Temptations. The next revolution was in the 70s and 80s
where disco, new wave, and hard rock took center stage with hits such as September by Earth
Wind and Fire, as well as Bohemian Rhapsody famed by Queen. The rise of rap and hip hop is
then considered the most transformative of the 1990s where Doo Wop (That Thing) by Lauren
Hill and U Cant Touch This by Eminem rise to fame (Grimm, D). It is likely that hip hop and
rap became the most significant influence for todays music due to the technological
advancement of the television. Rap and hip hop had much exposure through the music-related
show called MTV2; the public tuned in on their TVs to listen to this form of music, making it
more popular (University). Having these multi-faceted genres of music allows listeners, like us,
The Most Versatile 6
to get a sense of the historical progress of integration from rock and roll, the struggles of Civil
Rights protests and the controversial Vietnam War with soul, the colorful glam rock culture
through disco, or the hardships of living in areas of crime and vandalism expressed through rap.
Its incredible to see how popular music has taken a journey through a diversity of genres, and
today were lucky to enjoy any and all the forms of music.
Although these transformations of genres through the decades provided the music we all
know and love, there will still be critics. Its safe to assume that artists back in the day also had
their haters, since one cannot please an entire audience. Due to the technological advances in the
21st century, however, it is easier to perceive negative feedback today. It is common to hear or
read comments of media followers to have much distaste in todays popular music. Artists would
receive nasty remarks from bashers about their music, and it may even go to an extent of
disrespect to those individuals on a personal level. Harsh criticisms, such as Paul Watsons video
in James Maclarens The Case Against The Case Against Pop Music, display the existing
judgements of popular music today. One of the arguments Watson addresses is the idea of all
popular music sounding identical (Maclaren, J). According to my previous arguments of musical
genres being intertwined from one another, yes, all pop music may sound similar. But there is
still so much variety within popular music. You cant say that a passionate and touching ballad
sounds and feels exactly like an upbeat and cheerful disco song. We all know that a powerful
Adele song isnt necessarily going to sound exactly like Drakes boppin tune.
Furthermore, Watson also believes that lyrics today are elementary and are dumber than
ever, which have no meaning (Maclaren, J). Id consider Watson to reevaluate his claim of
meaningless songs, because the basis of most songs stems out from an artists writings of
emotions that they want to release - whether it may be a love song, breakup song, or simply a
The Most Versatile 7
song about having fun. He cant really argue that Kelly Clarksons Stronger (What Doesnt Kill
You) isnt about anything, when it is clearly about self-empowerment. In fact, a study that
analyzes the many changes pop music has made over the past fifty years has shown the variance
of the most popular lyrics that top artists were singing along with their main topics. The charts
were broken down by decade, and there was a constant of love being a major theme in music
between 1965 to 2015 (Snow, S). Moreover, if Watson thinks that lyrics from today lack
intellectual, what about all the meaningless lyrics from half a century ago? Half of the
soundtrack We Go Together from the classical movie musical, Grease, consists of lyrics that
dont even count as vocabulary. But who cares anyway? I dont sit and think about what a writer
is trying to convey in their song every time I listen. If the upbeat song makes me get up on my
Another idea that caught my attention was Tom Barnes claiming that people are
brainwashed to like songs due to repeated exposure, such as on the radio (Barnes, T). But radio
stations that are based on playing mainstream music exist to expose these new and upcoming
songs that doesnt mean you HAVE to listen to it. Everyone has a choice. Growing up in
Chicago, I always listened to the B96 and Kiss FM pop radio stations. Its music ranged from hip
hop, R&B, EDM, and soul. They consist of songs I can sing along to and are upbeat that keep me
awake when driving, but that doesnt mean Im brainwashed by pop music. If I get sick of songs
on the radio, Ill listen to my own playlist on Spotify, simple. Theres no need to give yourself
negative vibes and blame popular music as a whole if you can simply change your radio station
or shut it off.
Now I could go on and on about the specific details of variance between each decade that
focuses on a musical genre. But Ill save that for another time. What were really looking at here
The Most Versatile 8
is the significance of how music developed over time and how our popular music today became
what it is now. There will always be critics and those who will avoid mainstream music, like
Lance from the car ride and thats okay. No ones forcing them to listen to it. However, I dont
think one can simply hate all popular music. It is so complex in that there will always be that one
popular song that appeals to an individual, because it covers every genre that is known to the
greater population. Very few believe that any musical genre may it be hard rock, country,
dubstep, or rap that appeals to one and many others can be classified as popular music. One
may claim they are not a fan of pop music at all, but they may just be unaware that they have
enjoyed what is classified as pop music all along. Essentially, these historical music phenomena
left a mark on popular music, which will contribute and continue to evolve for future
generations.
The Most Versatile 9
References
Barnes, T. (2014, August 04). How The Music Industry Is Brainwashing You To Like Bad Pop
Songs. Retrieved from https://mic.com/articles/95260/how-the-music-industry-is-
brainwashing-you-to-like-bad-pop-songs#.CiOY9SiNy
Funk, C. (2016, August 16). A Quick and Dirty Guide to Music and Culture. Retrieved from
https://osu.pb.unizin.org/artandmusicbiographies/chapter/reading-3-rock-and-roll-and-
youth-culture/
Grimm, D. (2015, May 07). Podcast: A plant that finds diamonds, evolution of pop music, and
why Americans smile more than Russians and Chinese. Retrieved from
http://www.sciencemag.org.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/news/2015/05/podcast-plant-finds-
diamonds-evolution-pop-music-and-why-americans-smile-more-russians
Maclaren, J. (2016, April 01). The Case Against The Case Against Pop Music. Retrieved from
http://www.vanguard-online.co.uk/the-case-against-the-case-against-pop-music/
Snow, S. (2017, February 01). This Analysis of the Last 50 Years of Pop Music Reveals Just
How much America Has Changed. Retrieved from
https://contently.com/strategist/2015/05/07/this-analysis-of-the-last-50-years-of-pop-
music-reveals-just-how-much-america-has-changed/
University of Minnesota by Creative Commons. (2016, March 22). Understanding Media and
Culture: An Introduction to Mass Communication. Retrieved from
http://open.lib.umn.edu/mediaandculture/chapter/6-2-the-evolution-of-popular-music/