001 11423ns1012 1 6 PDF
001 11423ns1012 1 6 PDF
001 11423ns1012 1 6 PDF
net/nature
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University Technology P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria
muhammadmasin@yahoo.com
Abstract: In this paper, design, fabrication and testing of hydraulic crane is intended to replace the local or
traditional method of lifting heavy load with hand with emphasis being laid on performance, safety and reliability.
Also, hydraulic crane is capable of carrying load up to 1000kg at a time was developed using locally available
materials. The crane is comprised of six primary load-carrying members that are joined together in a particular
fashion, actuator, oil tank, hose, pipe and a pump that is powered by a D.C. motor. The principle of operation,
fabrication details and methods were critically analyzed, calculations were clearly laid out and material selection and
costing were also discussed. The machine Factor of Safety (FOS) is 2 and in the performance evaluation, it indicated
81.2% efficiency.
[Muhammadu Masin MUHAMMADU. Design, fabrication and testing of hydraulic crane. Nat Sci
2012;10(12):1-6]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). http://www.sciencepub.net. 1
Keywords: Pump, actuator, hydraulic crane, reliability, load, hose and efficiency
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Although cranes had come a long way, the onset mounting cranes on tractors, an up-and coming
of the World War II forced man to become more trend.
inventive. But it would not be until 1946 that British Making cranes bigger was still important as can be
crane manufacturer. F. Taylor and sons would seen by the largest crane of this time, the Hydra
produce the first hydraulic crane. Although it was Husky 36/40 TS
used within the company and could not luff or slew, Perhaps the most important change was the way
it opened doors for a 42 and 50 series when it cranes were used and valued. Prior to the war, crane
hydraulic crane was place on a Morris W.D operated trucks were valued for how reliable they were, they
on cylinders that were lifted and lowered as well as a had to be during a time of such strife. After the way,
boom powered by a hydraulic pump. When the emphasis was placed on how comfortable the cranes
company could no longer use vehicles as a chassis for were for the drivers, cranes that carry maximum
the crane, production began for its very own mobile results for the smallest maintenance and costs. Being
hydraulic cranes. able to operate the hydraulics of cranes was of
During the 1950s, cranes were celebrated as paramount importance and such machines like the 65
devices that could rebuild what bombs from the war hydraulics lattice boom crane created frenzy for their
had destroyed homes, cities, and even countries. usefulness and features (www.ritchiewiki.com/wiki
Hydraulic systems became more and more complex /index.php/Hydraulic Truck Crane, 10 Nov, 2009).
with gear systems and pumps that could be powered 2. Design Analysis and Calculations
while trucks remained immobile. The first truck to The crane made up of framed structure or truss is
loader crane made its appearance from companies composed of several bars or rods joined together in a
such as Hydraulic industry AB. The A2 crane was particular fashion; these bars are called members of
introduced in 1952. This model was essentially a the structure. A member in tension is called Tie and
crane mounted on the back of Chevrolet truck under compression is called Strut (R.K. Rajput,
complete with hydraulic lifting cylinders and hooked 1998).
winch. This loader crane started a trend Alas There are three main types of framed structures:
weyhausen, a company located in Bremen, started Efficient or perfect, deficient or imperfect and
similar versions. redundant. The structure is said to be efficient if it
Cranes were now becoming more advanced, with satisfies the equation:
companies and manufacturers making the winches = 2 3 (1)
more prcised, developing telescopic booms, Where, m = number of the member of the structure
improving the hydraulic pumps, and utilizing and j = number of the joint of the structure. When m
different materials to change the way the cranes was is one number less than the required, the structure is
made. termed deficient or imperfect, but when it is one
A hydraulic truck loader that consisted of a fitted number greater than the required, it is termed
winch could slew and lift up to a ton. This creation by redundant structure (R. K. Rajput 1998).
Steinbeck Moosburg was an example of how In the analysis of the forces acting in each member of
complex designs were becoming. A company called the crane structure, the following assumptions are
Liebhero developed a series of cranes known as the made: All members are pin-jointed, the frame is
14A and 25A series-they were self-climbing cranes loaded only at the joints, the frame structure is a
with special hydraulic embedded into fitted masts. perfect one and the self-weight of the members is
The more a crane could do, especially at the same neglected. (Rajput, 1998).
time, the more popular it was. Demag Zug built a A schematic layout of the crane configuration is as
crane with a 25-ton lifting capacity but it also had shown in the fig.2.1. The members are connected to
hydraulic cylinders that provided rapid movement in each other at joints A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I.
the luffing; several different movement could be Note that this is a simplified view of the crane
performed simultaneously. showing only the primary structural components and
Hydraulic mobile crane throughout the ages the forces in the plane of the applied load. The forces
Gottwalds hydraulic cranes became important to that are exerted in each load-carrying member are
their further development. The HKM 120 in 1959 analyzed by the application of equilibrium or
was a step in another direction. By this times the principle of statics i.e. = 0 (Rajput 1998).
bigger the crane, the better. The HKM 120 had a These forces are determined using the method of
tower, raised cab, and a luffing jib. By the time in moment and with a maximum load of 1 ton (or
1980s had arrived, cranes were everywhere and every 10KN) as shown in figure 3.2 below. Note that all
construction company was scrambling to carry one dimensions are in millimeters.
better than the next. Equipment companies such as
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3. Determination of the reactions at the supports Summing forces in the vertical direction, we find
(rollers) R = 10 R = 10 10.34 = 0.34KN (3)
The rollers at A and B provide vertical support to 4. Determination of Forces in each of the Load
the crane at A and B respectively. Reactions at these Carrying Member of the Crane
supports are calculated using the principle of statics Force exerted on the ram/actuator (i.e. member 5)
(i.e. = 0) as follows: Summing moment about A ram is a hydraulic cylinder designed to apply force
A, we find in only one direction. It consists of a barrel, a
cylinder cap, head, piston and piston rod.
R = = = 10.34KN (2)
G H B I
Actuat
Vertic S
D Brac
A C Ba B
Roll Ro
Figure 3.1
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removal of rough edges and surfaces using sand The testing was conducted as follows:
papers and wire brush, removal of dirt and oil from Raise a standard weight (e.g. 100 kg, 200kg, 300kg
surfaces using kerosene, and spraying of the machine etc.)
with paint to prevent corrosion and add to the beauty Lock the release valve.
aesthetic values. Take note of the load height from the ground.
Take note of the time it takes to reach maximum
7. Testing height.
After the successful fabrication of the machine, Allow the loads to stay at different time interval.
performance test was carried out on the crane, this Then check if there is a drop in load height.
was aimed at accessing the performance and ease at Note that drop in the loads height could be as a result
which different loads could be raised and dropped by of leakage in the system. This leakage could occur
the crane. Form the calculations; if the effort is more through: The actuating cylinder, the valves (outlet
than the calculated values hence, the following losses valves), the release valve and hose.
will occur: Frictional loss, viscous loss,
leakage loss, and transmission loss.
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In the area of appearance the machine has good 7. Paterson E. B. (1979), Practical pneumatics,
aesthetic value. Introduction to Cost Automation. McGraw hill
publishing company New York.
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