Vector Data Representation
Vector Data Representation
Vector Data Representation
Geometric Objects
The vector data model uses x, y-
coordinates and simple geometric
objects:
points, line and areas
to represent spatial features.
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Vector Data Representation
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Topology
Explains the arrangement of geometric
objects and the relationships between
objects.
In vector data model topology is explained
by digraph (directed graph) which include
points and directed lines (arcs).
Adjacency and incidence are two relationships
that can be established between the point and
line objects in digraphs. See Figure 3.4.
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Vector Data Representation
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Vector Data Representation
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Topological Data Structures
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Topological Data Structures
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Non-Topological Vector Data
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Non-Topological Vector Data
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Higher-level Objects
Higher-level Objects
These triangles are constructed using
Delaunay triangulation, by iterative
process of connecting points with their
two nearest neighbors to form triangles
as equi-angular as possible. (See Figure
3.10)
Components of TIN
Elevation points with x, y, z values
Edges (lines) that connect these points to
form triangles
Slope and aspect of each triangle can be
calculated from x,y,z and edges.
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Higher-level Objects
Regions
Built from lines and areas
Consists of region layers and regions
(see Figure 3.11)
A region layer is made of regions of the
same attribute.
Characteristics of region data model:
Region layers may overlap with another
region layer
A region may have disconnected or disjoint
components.
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Higher-level Objects
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Higher-level Objects
Dynamic Segmentation
Combines a line coverage and a linear
measurement such as milepost system to
form a higher level object.
ArcInfo uses 3 basic elements for the
model:
Sections
Routes
Events
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Higher-level Objects
Sections
Arcs of a line coverage and positions
along arcs.
Routes
Collections of sections that represent
linear phenomena such as roads, streams.
Events
Attribute data associated with routes.
See Figure 3.13
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