ASHRAE 90.

2 Kuwait
What Can be Learned From It?

Prof. Walid Chakroun

Kuwait University
Sixth "Zayed Seminar" on
Green Economy: Success Stories from the GCC
May 8-9 , 2013
Todays building designs
mortgage our energy
future.
 Why Are Buildings So Important?

World total energy

consumption is expected to 40% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption
increase as high as 50
percent in less than a
decade.
Buildings are responsible for
38% of total energy use
that figure increases to up to
70% in some countries.

Source: 2007 Buildings Energy Data Book. Tables 1.1.3, 1.2.3, 1.3.3

3
Fastest Growing Energy Sector
45
Industrial
40 Transportation
Buildings Total
35

30

25
Quads

20

15

10

0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year

Source: EIA Annual Energy Review, Tables 2.1b-2.1f., June 2007

 Building Energy Efficiency
is the single most
important opportunity for
reducing greenhouse
gas emissions
(2007-2008 ASHRAE President Kent Peterson)

is the fastest-growing
success story of the
last 50 years
(American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy)
 ASHRAE Standards

ASHRAE had existing standards for

residential and commercial buildings, for
residential and commercial ventilation
requirements and others
 Standard 90.2
The purpose of this
standard is to provide
minimum requirements
for the energy-efficient
design of residential
buildings.
 Standard 90.1
Recently established by U.S.
Department of Energy as the
commercial building reference
standard for state building
energy codes.
States must certify compliance
by October 2013
DOE determined 18.5% less
building energy use than 2007
standard
It was determined to be 30%
less building energy use than
2004 standard
Green Building Standard
Published in January 2010
Serves as benchmark for
sustainable green buildings
does not apply to all
buildings
Addresses energy, impact
on the
atmosphere, sustainable
sites, water use, materials
and resources and IEQ

www.ashrae.org/greenstandard
ASHRAE 90.2 Kuwait
Energy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise
Residential Buildings in Kuwait
Case Study
 The Kuwaiti
Government Needed:
A comprehensive residential building
energy efficiency standard in response to
a growing residential energy need
A standard that covered the building
design and all of its components, including
air conditioning and ventilation air
 Requirements

The ministry requested a standard for use

with residential houses

Written in simple code language

To be developed within six months
To be a stand alone standard
 The Solution

1. In late 2009, a group of ASHRAE members

from the United States and Kuwait University
came together to create a version of ASHRAE
Standard 90.2-2007 to take into account the
differences between existing standards and the
needs of Kuwait
2. Existing Kuwaiti building and energy
requirement related documents were
reviewed, and an outline of the requirements
for the new standard was developed
 The Solution
3. The appropriate sections of the various existing
standards were identified and pulled together
to form an outline of a 90.2 Kuwait standard

4. The outline was then further tailored and filled

in to meet the needs of the Kuwait residential
construction market
5. Specific new materials were developed for the
Kuwait standard, such as the requirement for
creating a positive pressure environment to
control the infiltration of dust
The Solution

6. Upon completion of
a first public review
draft, it was
presented to, and
discussed with, a
group of Ministry of
Energy and Water
engineers
 The Solution

7. Their input was then factored into a

revision of the draft standard, and it was
again presented to, and discussed with, a
second group of Ministry of Energy and
Water engineers
8. Input from the second review was then
factored into the final ASHRAE Standard
90.2 Kuwait
The Results
ASHRAE Standard 90.2
Kuwait was then published
in March 2010, and
subsequently presented to
the Kuwait Ministry of
Energy and Water
The project was so
successful that the
ministry is considering
more cooperation with
ASHRAE on modifying the
school and hospital design
guidelines developed
earlier by ASHRAE to suit
Kuwait.
 ASHRAE 90.2
Kuwait

Energy-Efficient Design of
Low-Rise Residential
Buildings in Kuwait
 ASHRAE 90.2
Kuwait

Energy-Efficient Design of
Low-Rise Residential
Buildings in Kuwait
 Standard 90.2 Kuwait
Content
1) Purpose
2) Scope
3) Definitions, Abbreviations, Acrony
ms, and Symbols
4) Administration and Enforcement
5) Building Envelope Requirements
6) Heating, Ventilating, and Air
Conditioning
7) Indoor Environmental Quality
8) Lighting
9) Climatic Data

Normative Appendix ARated R-

value of Insulation and Assembly
U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor
Determinations
Informative Appendix BHVAC and
Ventilation Systems
 2.) Scope

This standard provides minimum energy-

efficiency requirements for the design and
construction of:
a. new residential dwelling units and their
systems
b. where explicitly specified:
1. new portions of residential dwelling units and
their systems
2. new systems and equipment in existing dwelling
units
 4.) Administration
and Enforcement
Scope
Administrative Requirements
Compliance Paths
Compliance Documentation
 5.) Building
Envelope Requirements
Roof Insulation
Above-grade Wall Insulation
Below-Grade Wall Insulation
Floor Insulation
Fenestration and Doors
 Opaque Elements
Table 5.1 Building Envelope Requirements - IP (SI) Units
Residential Conditioned Residential Unconditioned
Opague Elements Assembly Maximum Insulation Min R-Value Assembly Maximum Insulation Min R-Value

Roofs
Insulation Entirely Above Deck (Cont. Ins.) U-0.048 (0.273) R-20 (3.5) C.I. U-0.093 (0.527) R-10.0 (1.8) C.I.

Walls, Above-Grade
Mass (Continuous Insulation) U-0.080 (0.453) R-13.3 (2.3) C.I. U-0.104 (0.592) R-9.5 (1.7) C.I.

Walls, Below-Grade C-0.119 (0.678) R-7.5 (1.3) C.I. C-1.14 (6.473) NR

Floors
OR
Mass U-0.087 (0.496) R-8.3 (1.5) C.I. U-0.137 (0.780) R-4.2 (0.7) C.I.
Steel-Joist U-0.052 (0.296) R-19.0 (3.3) U-0.052 (0.296) R-19.0 (3.3)
Wood-Framed and Other U-0.033 (0.188) R-30.0 (5.3) U-0.051 (0.288) R-19.0 (3.3)

Slab-On-Grade-Floors F-0.520 (0.90) R-15 (2.6) for 24 in (60 cm) F-0.73 (1.263) NR

Opague Doors
All Assemblies U-0.5 (2.839) U-0.5 (2.839)

Fenestration Assembly Maximum U Assembly Maximum SHGC Assembly Maximum U Assembly Maximum SHGC
Vertical Glazing, 0%-30% of Wall
All Assemblies U-0.47 (2.668) SHGC-0.25 U-0.65 (3.695) NR

Skylight with Curb, Glass, % of Roof

0%-3.0% all types U-0.75 (4.259) SHGC-0.35 U-1.8 (10.22) SHGC-0.35
 6.) Heating, Ventilation
and Air Conditioning
New Buildings
Additions to Existing Buildings
Alterations to Ventilating and Air-Conditioning in
Existing Building
Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, and Labeling
Requirements
Minimum Equipment Ventilation and Air
Conditioning System Construction and Insulation
TABLE 6.4 Electrically Operated Air Conditioners, and Packaged Units - Efficiency Requirements
Sub-
Category
Equipment Type Size Category Size Category Heating or Rating (IP) Cooling (SI) Cooling Test Test
(a) (IP) (SI) Section Type Condition Efficiency Efficiency Conditions Procedure
Air Conditioners, Electric Split 1.66 kW/ton or
<65,000 Btu/h <19 kW 7.23 EER or > ARI 210/240
Air Cooled Resistance System <
65,000 Btu/h 19 kW (or None) and Single
Package 1.70 kW/ton or
and and 7.06 EER or >
<
<135,000Btu/h <40 kW
135,000 Btu/h 40 kW
1.70 kW/ton or
and and 7.06 EER or >
< ARI
<240,000 Btu/h <70 kW
118.4/80/67 F 340/360
240,000 Btu/h 70 kW (IP)
1.84 kW/ton or
and and 6.52 EER or > 48/26.6/19.4
<
<760,000 Btu/h <223 kW C (SI)
1.93 kW/ton or
760,000 Btu/h 223 kW 6.22 EER or >
<
Through-the-Wall, 1.80 kW/ton or
Air Cooled 30,000 Btu/h 8.8 kW 6.67 EER or >
<
ARI
Small Duct, High- Split 210/240
Velocity, Air Systems 1.80 kW/ton or
<65,000 Btu/h <19 kW 6.67 EER or >
Cooled <
a - All units shall operate continously at 125F (52C).
Air Conditioner System Performance

Capacity vs. Outdoor Temperature

65
Unit Capacity - Btu/h (000s)

60

55

50

45

40
70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Outdoor Temperature - F
Air Conditioner System Performance

Power vs. Outdoor Temperature

7

6.5
Unit Power - kW

5.5

4.5

4
70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Outdoor Temperature - F
Air Conditioner System Performance
EER vs. Outdoor Temperature

16

14
Unit EER - Btu/Whr

12

10

6
70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Outdoor Temperature - F
Air Conditioner System Performance
kW/ton vs. Outdoor Temperature

2.1
Unit Performance - kW/ton

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.1

0.9

0.7

0.5
70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Outdoor Temperature - F
 7.) Indoor
Environmental Quality
Whole-Building Ventilation
Local Exhaust
Minimum Filtration
Air-Moving Equipment
Noise Level
 8.) Lighting

Installed Interior Lighting Power

 9.) Climatic Data
Geographical Data
Extreme Recorded Conditions
Design Conditions
 House / AC Unit Performance

60

55

50
Temperature - C

Heat Flow - Watts

45

40
Outdoor Temperature
35 Indoor Temperature

30

25

20 225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575

am Time of Day pm
 House / AC Unit Performance

60

55

50
Temperature - C

Heat Flow - Watts

45

40
Outdoor Temperature
A/C Unit Capacity
35
Indoor Temperature

30

25

20 225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575

am Time of Day pm
 House / AC Unit Performance

60

55

50
Temperature - C

Heat Flow - Watts

45

40
Outdoor Temperature
House Load
35
Indoor Temperature

30

25

20 225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575

am Time of Day pm
 House / AC Unit Performance

60

55

50
Temperature - C

Heat Flow - Watts

45

40 Outdoor Temperature
House Load
35 A/C Unit Capacity
Indoor Temperature
30

25

20 225 275 325 375 425 475 525 575

am Time of Day pm
Questions/Discussion