Kuliah 1 (Petrophysics)

PETROPHYSICS
Petrophysics is the study of rock properties and

rock interactions with fluids (gases, liquid
hydrocarbons, and aqueous solutions).
Modified from Tiab and Donaldson, 1996, p. 1

Ruang Lingkup
Systematic theoretical and laboratory study of

physical properties of petroleum reservoir rocks
Lithology
Porosity
Compressibility
Permeability
Fluid saturations
Capillary characteristics
Rock stress
Fluid-rock interaction
Well Logging
The French translation of the term well logging is carottage electrique, literally
electrical coring, a fairly exact description of this geophysical prospecting technique
when it was invented in 1927 [1, 2]. A less literal translation might be a record of
characteristics of rock formations traversed by a measurement device in the well bore.
well logging means different things to different

people
a geologist, it is primarily a mapping technique for exploring the subsurface.
a geophysicist, it is a source of complementary data for surface seismic analysis
a reservoir engineer, it may simply supply values for use in a simulator.

The Geophysicist:
Are the tops where you predicted?
Are the potential zones porous as you have assumed from seismic data?
What does a synthetic seismic section show?
The Geologist:
What depths are the formation tops?
Is the environment suitable for accumulation of hydrocarbons?
Is there evidence of hydrocarbons in this well?
What type of hydrocarbons?
Are hydrocarbons present in commercial quantities?
How good a well is it?
What are the reserves?
Could the formation be commercial in an offset well?
The Drilling Engineer:
What is the hole volume for cementing?
Are there any keyseats or severe doglegs in the well?
Where can you get a good packer seat for testing?
Where is the best place to set a whipstock?
The Reservoir Engineer:

How thick is the pay zone?
How homogeneous is the section?
What is the volume of hydrocarbons per cubic meter?
Will the well pay-out?
How long will it take?
The Production Engineer:
Where should the well be completed (in what zone(s))?
What kind of production rate can be expected?
Will there be any water production?
How should the well be completed?
Is the potential pay zone hydraulically isolated?
Will the well require any stimulation?
What kind of stimulation would be best?
What do we need to find out
Engineering
Rock type Well trajectory (coord)
Sandstone? Shale? imestone?
Shape of hole
Casing Joints
Rock Properties Quality of cement
Porosity etc
Permeability
Bedding Orientation
Fractures?
Temperature
Fluids
Type (water, oil, gas)
Saturation
Salinity
Pressure
What for? (Log applications)
Stratigraphic correlation
Formation Tops
Quantitative Oil, Gas , Water saturations
Porosity
Correlation with seismic data
Sedimentological studies
Reservoir modeling
Structural studies
What can we measure?
Electrical Properties
Natural radioactivity
Induced radioactivity
Acoustic Properties (velocity)
Shape of hole
Noise
Temperature
Depth
Orientation of hole

Type of Well Logging
Type of Logging
Open hole Cased hole Perforation &
logging logging Production
logging
Log Types
Other
Lithologic Logs
Spontaneous Potential (SP) Dipmeter
Caliper
Gamma Ray (GR)
Temperature
Porosity Logs
Acoustic
Neutron
FMI
Density
Many more
Sonic
Resistivity Logs (Fluid Type)
Resistivity
Induction
Log Datum Terminology
KB Elevation adalah ketinggian KB dari permukaan tanah
(untuk sumur bor darat) atau dari permukaan laut (untuk
sumur bor laut).
TVD (True Vertical Depth) adalah kedalaman sumur bor

secara vertikal dari permukaan tanah sampai ke TD
(Terminal Depth).
MD (Measured Depth) adalah kedalaman sumur bor secara

keseluruhan dihitung dari permukaan tanah. Pada kasus
sumur bor vertikal, MD akan sama dengan TVD. MD
tentunya akan sama dengan TD.
TVD dan MD digunakan untuk kasus sumur bor di darat.

Log Datum Terminology
A adalah TVDSS (True Vertikal Depth

Sub Sea) sama seperti kasus TVD diatas
hanya saja dihitung dari muka air laut
(MSL = Mean Sea Level).
B adalah TVDBML (True Vertical Depth

Below Mud Line) adalah TVD yang
dihitung dari Sea Floor (ML=Mud Line)
C adalah MDSS (Measured Depth Sub

Sea) sama seperti definisi MD diatas
hanya saja dihitung dari MSL.
D adalah MDBML (Measured Depth

Below Mud Line) adalah MD dihitung
dari ML.
KB (Kelly Bushing) adalah sebuah perangkat pengeboran yang dipasang sebagai
konektor antara Kelly dan Rotary Table
DRILLING RIGS
Drillship Semisubmersible Jackup Submersible Land Rig
From Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary

ROTARY DRILL BIT, WORN
From Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary

Type of Well
Correlation
Example
Major
Sands
on SP
What does logging mean?
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Tool string is moving at a certain
logging speed, and data are 7000
recorded at certain intervals 7001
called sampling rate. 7002
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Kuliah 1 (Petrophysics)

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PETROPHYSICS

Petrophysics is the study of rock properties and

Modified from Tiab and Donaldson, 1996, p. 1

Systematic theoretical and laboratory study of

well logging means different things to different

a geophysicist, it is a source of complementary data for surface seismic analysis

a reservoir engineer, it may simply supply values for use in a simulator.

The Reservoir Engineer:

TVD (True Vertical Depth) adalah kedalaman sumur bor

MD (Measured Depth) adalah kedalaman sumur bor secara

TVD dan MD digunakan untuk kasus sumur bor di darat.

A adalah TVDSS (True Vertikal Depth

B adalah TVDBML (True Vertical Depth

C adalah MDSS (Measured Depth Sub

D adalah MDBML (Measured Depth

From Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary

From Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary

recorded at certain intervals 7001

called sampling rate. 7002

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