Study of P&ID, Safeguarding Philosophy, Design Basis and Its Features
Study of P&ID, Safeguarding Philosophy, Design Basis and Its Features
Study of P&ID, Safeguarding Philosophy, Design Basis and Its Features
ISSN 2349-977X
Dr. Nihal Anwar Siddiquia*, Nitin Mindeb, Prasenjit Mondala, Akhil K Vijayakumara
a
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradum, 248007, India
b
H.O.D. Process Department, Worley Parsons Sea India Pvt. Ltd.
Article history: Process Flow Scheme is used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant
Received 10 Feb 15 processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility
Received in revised form 20 March 15 and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations. A diagram which shows the
Accepted 25 March 15 interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process. In the process
industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes. Through this project, Process
Keywords: Flow Diagrams were studied in accordance with specific pre-defined standards and analyzed thoroughly
Process Flow Scheme so that it would make the development of Process Engineering Flow Scheme very easier. Process
Process Engineering Flow Scheme Engineering Flow Schemes, also known as Process & Instrumentation Diagrams were made from PFS
Process Safety Flow Scheme after segregating each Process Flow Diagram into various segments on the basis of its design basis and
Plant Facility philosophy. After implementing the safeguarding features in the PEFS, Process Safety Flow Schemes
Design Basis were prepared which were intended to be the desired outcome. After getting client comments on various
sections, the final sample was issued for approval from the Home Office.
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Safety in Design (SID) is one of the three elements of Worley Parsons Initial Operations such as Process Support, Operations
SEAL process (Safe and Sustainable Engineering for Asset Lifecycle), Support, etc.
and focuses on increasing the inherent safety of designs. Planned maintenance will be carried out during dayshift.
Breakdown maintenance during night time will be carried only
.
by exception and will be subject to risk assessment to ensure
Maximize production and the ultimate recovery from the Technical Integrity established in Design and based on the
Provide and develop the competencies of the workforce. Correct material selection for sour service and QA/QC
Use state of the art technologies to arrive at minimum manning attention to detail.
Explain how the asset will be operated and maintained. definition of safety critical elements and performance
standards, and life cycle cost (Capex/Opex) evaluation.
For all equipment the full supply chain management systems loss, to a level that is As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).
are to be established all the way down to component level.
Provide a Competency Development, Assessment & Over Pressure Protection:
Assurance System for all RHIP operations staff, and a full The process safeguarding system must ensure that suitable protection is
development and training plan in line with Project schedule. provided against the maximum pressure that can be generated by the
Optimize maintenance and inspection strategies to meet worst credible malfunction. There are essentially three ultimate safeguard
availability target by applying Risk and Reliability options to protect against overpressure:
Maintenance (RRM) principles Fully pressure rated equipment
Compliance to Operating Envelopes will be monitored under Relief valves
the Operational Integrity Assurance (OIA) program. Instrumented Protective Function only (HIPPS).
Develop an Alarm Management Strategy using Ensuring Safe
Production (ESP)/Operations Integrity (OI). Under Pressure Protection:
Implement a rigorous, robust and comprehensive Corrosion Certain process can develop sub atmospheric pressure conditions
and Integrity Management System (CIMS). generated by the worst credible scenario. The process safeguarding
Provide Flange Management System. system must ensure suitable protection against minimum pressure or
vacuum conditions. The ultimate safeguard for under pressure can be:
Maximize Product delivery: Design for vacuum
Optimize Plant Availability: o Develop a RAM model to be Provision of Vacuum Relief valves
used for optimizing plant design and to meet plant availability
target during Design and Execute Phases. Safe Shutdown:
Design for safe SIMOPS. In case of any malfunction of the plant equipment or its associated control
Optimize maintenance and inspection strategies to meet instrumentation giving rise to a hazard for personnel or the environment,
availability target through RRM. or potentially leading to consequences of economic loss (e.g. damage of
Maximum efficiency/reliability of the facilities main equipment or severe production loss), the safeguarding system will
Considering and balancing to Project NPV. bring automatically the facility to a safe condition. The safeguarding
system shall also prevent the start-up of system /unit/ equipment till a safe
Minimize OPEX: start conditions are satisfied.
Implement an Operations Contracting Strategy and Contract Confirmed Hydrocarbon gas (based on Lower Flammability
Management System to ensure optimum value from contracts. Limit) / Toxic gas (based on H2S) detection
A PFS should include: Process Engineering Flow Scheme (PEFS) or Piping (or Process) and
Process Piping Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is also known as the mechanical flow
Major equipment symbols, names and identification numbers diagram and piping and instrumentation diagram. A P&ID is a complex
Control, valves and valves that affect operation of the system representation of the various units found in a plant. It is used by people in
Interconnection with other systems a variety of crafts. The primary users of the document after plant start-up
Major bypass and recirculation lines are process technicians and instrument and electrical, mechanical, safety,
System ratings and operational values as minimum, normal and engineering personnel.
This figure depicts a small and simplified PFS or PFD: is interconnected by a system of pipelines. P&ID schematics also show
the instruments and valves that monitor and control the flow of materials
through the pipelines.
Digs into all the gory details about materials of construction Both PFDs and P&IDs can be characterized as
Communication tools
Process Safety Flow Scheme (PSFS): Records
The major objective of process safety management (PSM) of highly Aids to thought processes
hazardous chemicals is to prevent unwanted releases of hazardous And PSFS is the desired outcome for any project after implementing
chemicals especially into locations that could expose employees and safeguard features in the PEFS.
others to serious hazards. An effective process safety management
program requires a systematic approach to evaluating the whole chemical
process. Using this approach, the process design, process technology, REFERENCES
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5. Conclusion
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