Sanskrit Lessons From Chitrapur Math - Month 1 Lessons 1-9
Sanskrit Lessons From Chitrapur Math - Month 1 Lessons 1-9
Sanskrit Lessons From Chitrapur Math - Month 1 Lessons 1-9
Lesson 2. versus
A long long time ago, knowledge was passed on from guru to shishya
verbally. No books. No revision. Rehearing, definitely. The prospect of
making a mistake was great. Pronunciations had to be accurate. If one invited
: instead of : to one's feast, one could be assured of hurt
neglected relatives and a smile on every canine face on the street.
WHEN WRITING
For example, the correct form of the word Shankar is and not .
The trick is to look at the immediately after the nasal sound in a
word and then decide which one to write. Also, only has the
to be used as an ... the dot on top of a letter at the end
of a word. Therefore to give you examples of words from all the s......
is correct and not | is correct and not | and not
kb | and not | and not .
WHEN PRONOUNCING
, the two dots sometimes found at the end of a word, is not pleased
with me. Here is what he has been thinking......
Don't want him unhappy. We How come I
need him a great deal in the days don't get any
to come and we can't afford to get him mention at all
mad. So here goes... in your last
message ?
The too is extremely adaptable. In an isolated word, he takes the
sound of the letter just before him. For example...: is pronounced .
: is pronounced . : is pronounced , : is ,
: is | : is | And so on and so forth.
I think he is happy now.
Interesting fact? No... sad, sad fact. Many schools have dropped the and
the from the because they might "confuse" our kids. These so
called do-gooders have spawned an entire generation of children who read
Mj as Shadkar instead of Shankar. Forget the Gods, the Rishis have not
been spared either...i have heard that will soon be given a 'termination of
services' notice. And keep this to yourselves...rumour has it that the
too will be struck off the rolls. i loathe to think what will feel when
he hears this bit of self defeating news.
OUR lessons WILL stick to the original | i'd like to believe that
she ( , i mean) feels safe and protected with us.
When we entered our Sanskrit class for the very first time, we were
greeted very enthusiastically by an energetic and bubbly youngster called
Jagadeesh. He spoke only in Sanskrit but in the space of a few minutes, we
figured out what was happening.
Just by asking questions and answering them himself (and with exaggerated
gestures and an infectious smile!)our vocabulary jumped up from zero to five.
No kiddin'. Take a look...
He looked at Mala and said.. : | (My name is Jagadeesh.)
: | (I am Jagadeesh.)
? (Who are you? .... is the respectful feminine form of you
as in the Hindi ..... = feminine who)
: ? (What is your name?)
Mala answered | |
Jagadeesh next pointed to Chaitanya. :| (Who are you?) ( =
masculine .....: = masculine who)
: ? ( What is your name?)
Chaitanya answered : | :|
Our Jagadeesh grabbed Chaitanya by the shoulder and said : : (This
is Chaitanya) and pointing to a man seated some distance away asked....
: : ? (who is he?)
Chaitanya answered : :| ( He is Ravi )
Jagadeesh then said... | (This is Mala)
and to Mala said...: : | This is Chaitanya)
( Pointing to Ravi and Saraswati seated some distance away,)
: : ? ? : : | |
Jagadeesh next called out to Ravi... ? (Who is she?)
Ravi answered | | (This is Saraswati. That is Mala)
Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 8/37
www.chitrapurmath.net Shri Chitrapur Math 2002-2014
Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1
Dears all,
I was going through the lessons that have already been sent to you
and I can't believe that I have not been given my due.
Let me introduce myself. I am (go). I am a root word called a and
like my other friends, (speak), (read/ study), (eat),
(write) etc, I am extremely versatile. By the simple addition of suffixes or
prefixes, I can become a verb, or a noun, or an adverb, or an adjective....And
that is far more than the visargas and the anusvaras of this world can even
hope to be.
I think I better introduce you very gently to my multifaceted personality.
(By the way, check out definitions for verbs, nouns, adverbs , adjectives and
grammatical whatchamacallits in the column to your left.)
To make me into a verb, you have to use my avataar | Add different
suffixes called s and hey presto I am ready to be used! Look at the
following sentences, all in the present tense and you will see what I mean. My
friends have also chipped in to help.
: | : | : | : | : |
He goes. He speaks He reads He eats He writes
| | | | |
She goes She speaks She reads She eats She writes
| | | | |
It goes It speaks It reads It eats It writes
: | : | : | : | : |
| | | | |
Yup, the is added to the root verb, which makes it compatible with he,
she, it, and with any name whether masculine or feminine BUT
| | | | |
You go You speak You read You eat You write
AND
| | | | |
I go I speak I read I eat I write
1. Do you see how the same suffix ( ) has been added to all the
s to make the verb compatible with a particular subject?
2. is loyal to :, and or for that matter to, say, , ,
:, :, , : etc.(
...gettit?)
3. is loyal only to AND is loyal only to |
4. Please note that it is and not | There is an
added to the before the is added.
5. conveys both meanings "goes" and "is going"
6. Thus you can safely translate as I speak and I am
speaking.
7. Also, if you notice, since is loyal to , I can simply say
and the message that I am the one who is speaking and NO ONE
ELSE, has been conveyed. Ditto with ...the minute I say.. ,
it's YOU who are eating and NO ONE ELSE. I do not have to even
mention the or the | The though, does need a
specified subject. (Refer to 2 for reasons why)
Knowing this, you can now make two word sentences in Sanskrit using
, , :, and .Let me provide you with a few more " everyday"
s. laugh, cook, protect, namaskaar (to salute.)
Now , if you noticed, ( yours truly) becomes before the
suffixes are added. All the rest remain the same. Similarly, two very
important s .. (drink) becomes and (see) becomes .
Henceforth, if the 's form must be changed before it can be used, the
usable form will be given in brackets eg: () or
( ). Use ( ) and () too to make some more two
word sentences.
If you find this lesson difficult or need clarification of any kind, please
do not hesitate to write. These guys out here can't wait to be useful.
Besides, they have to impress their teacher Smt. Tarangini Khot. A Sanskrit
wizard, if you ask me. Besides having a post graduate degree ( and a B.Ed.
for good measure) she speaks and thinks FLUENTLY in Sanskrit. This may be
my coming out ball, my debut, but honestly, I have no trouble sharing the
limelight with Tarangini. On the contrary, I am honoured. More next week.
All love, |
Thou shalt reassure thyself, "Thank the good Lord that we do not need to
learn a triple!"
Person Singular Dual Plural
M : He Two He s Many He s
F She Two She s : Many She s
N
It Two It s Many It s
:
/ / /
You You two All of you
:
/ / /
I We two All of us
: :
become the first person. Yet knowing that the Divine Aatman resides
in oneself, one refers to oneself as the |
6. To make Sanskrit available to a generation already accustomed to
English grammar, the style that you see in various text books will be
the other way around where is referred to as the
..first person, the is referred to as ...the second
person, and the third person is called the ...where, in this
table, is the . So certain texts will have the table the way it is
written here and certain other texts will have it "upsidedown"
7. It doesn't really matter which way you learn it as long as the right
form of verb is used with the right subject.
Brain Teaser....In the second stanza of the bhajan
, who is the subject? What is the verb?(Ignore the other
words that have not been taught as yet.) Those of you who do not know the
bhajan, here are the words....
|
Exercise...Using the given table as a guide, use the correct form of the verb
given in brackets and translate the following ..
1. He speaks. ( )
2. We two eat. ( )
3. All of them ( Feminine) see. ( - )
4. |
5. |
6. : |
Go over the table at least twice a day for the next few days and
you will see how easily you will begin to match the verb with its
subject.
Level 1-Month 1 Lessons 1-9 15/37
www.chitrapurmath.net Shri Chitrapur Math 2002-2014
Step by Step Sanskrit Learning Programme Month 1
Keep the table that has earlier been given in Lesson 7. alongside this one
and begin to compare the two.
These concepts should come through clearly...
1. Every noun and pronoun in the dictionary fall into the ...whether
cat ,dog, museums, two cobs of corn , many fish, one bird, two rats.
These verbs will therefore be used for the third person... Use
with singular forms of ANY noun. Use : with dual forms of ANY
noun. Use with plural forms of ANY noun. For example...One
cat . Two cats : .Three or more cats | Yes,
the noun form "cat" is written differently for one cat, two cats and
three or more cats...but that will be explained in Lesson 8. For the
moment, combine English and Sanskrit to "remember" which verb form
goes with which subject form. Similarly...one tadpole , two
tadpoles : and three or more tadpoles | ( to swim) being
the |
2. You, two of you, three or more of you ....these fall into the |
The subject is so specific here that just by looking at the word
( the suffix is the indicator) i know that it is you who are
eating and nobody else. If i say :, the suffix : indicates "two
of you".
3. Therefore since both and have predetermined subjects, i
needn't add the subject at all in my sentences. If i say "sing" it is
unclear as to who is singing...i? you? we?...but if i say , the
tells me that "I am singing."
4. To identify the verb forms, you must look at its tail end. Catch a hold
of the suffix... is it , :, , , :, , , :, : ...and then
figure out who the subject is. Now let's tease the brain teaser in
Lesson 7. into giving us a solution...
|
tells you that the one who is performing the namaskaar is none but
"I." Simple.
Use these verb suffixes with their matching subjects to form
Sanskrit/English sentences...until our vocabulary grows. sing ,
meditate , two elephants trumpet:, Mother cook, Father snore |
...sentences like that , till the verb suffixes- subject combinations have more
or less been memorized. Go on to the next lesson. Once you have finished
reading Lesson 8 and Lesson 8 A, come back to Lesson 7, things will begin to
make sense then. If you are still in a soup, write to the chef ( yours truly).
Let's see if i can tease my brain into coming up with better explanations!
Looking forward to your feedback.
*******
: is the subject form. becomes the object form. means 'by or with
Rama.' signifies 'for Rama.' is 'from Rama.' conveys the
meaning 'Rama's.' is 'in Rama.' And by itself, is the form the word takes
when calling out to someone named Rama.
Let us put it in the form of a table to make it easier to refer to.
pu<iLl
singular dual plural
subject :
object
by, with
for
from
(denotes
possession)
in, on
(used ()
when calling
out to..)
I can see eyebrows raised over the blank spaces for the dual and plurals. Are they
needed? You can betcha bottom dollar that they are! What in the world would you
say for " I hear with my two ears ?" Or for that matter ," All my students fell
asleep while reading my lesson? "
Therefore, here now is the entire table.
In a lighter vein...
******************
Person Singular Dual Plural
M : He Two He s Many He s
F She Two She s : Many She s
N
It Two It s Many It s
/ / /
You You two All of you
/ / /
I We two All of us
Person Singular Dual Plural
M : He Two He s Many He s
:, :, :|
N It Two It s Many It s
, ,
|
2. All iLLa words are declined like |
iLLa words and decline them like | For instance, why not convert
into or maybe into ? Makes conversation simple! These
antics are alright in the beginning but eventually we will have to learn all the
forms of different words simply so that we may recognize them in shlokas
and texts. (We'll take it easy... i shan't give you more than you can chew.
And that's a promise.)
Similarly we have different ending feminine words and neuter words. All
rhyming words are declined in the same manner. BUT
remember that a masculine word is rhymed with its masculine counterpart; a
feminine one with its feminine rhyming counterpart; and a neuter with a
neuter.
Just try and understand this concept. Things will become clearer as we
proceed and i will keep explaining and repeating concepts for as long as you
require me to.
Just hit the feedback button on our Sanskrit page, relate your woes and
we'll provide instant relief! The Agony Aunts and Uncles here are a prompt
lot.
See you next week!
************************
Much as you have been introduced to verbs and nouns that change their
shape and size at the drop of a hat, there are some heartwarming, steady
ones that never, ever "metamorphosize." ( Ah! NOW the reference to
caterpillars becomes clear! )
You can use them with any noun, verb, vibhakti, gender, tense, you name it,
they hold their own, in a changing world. They are called s. Let's go
through a group of them in every lesson .
The object that is being gobbled up is the ladoo ( ...the root word)
The object form of the word is ...
Therefore the sentence becomes.. : |
: , , , |
3. The subject ALWAYS is in the and the
object is ALWAYS in the |
(elephant, M ) (laddoo, M)
: is translated as The elephant is eating a
laddoo.
: is ... The ladoo is eating an elephant.
******
Person Singular Dual Plural
:
:
: :
For quick reference to help you do the exercises, are the first two 0
quu
subject : :
object
Do you have a notebook , a pencil and a HUGE eraser ready? Then let's
gettagoin' !
Example sentences.
1. He is reading. : |
2. Those two men are reading. : |
Try doing the rest on your own. Answers are provided in Lesson 9B. But you
shall be honest and take a peek only after you have tried completing the
exercise.
Translate.
1. He is reading.
2. He is laughing there.
3. The boy is going to school.
4. Ram is going to the village.
5. The king is going elsewhere.
6. Where is the boy laughing?
7. Ram and Ishwar are studying ( Refer to lesson 7 A).
8. Ram is namaskaaring( for lack of an appropriate word!) Ishwar.
9. The two are reading here.
10. Two boys are laughing.
11. Two men are going to the village.
12. Two boys are going to school.
13. All the boys are laughing.
14. All the men are going to the village.
15. All the boys are namaskaaring Ram.
16. Ram is namaskaaring all the boys.
4. |
5. : |
6. : |
7. : : |
8. |
9. |
Seems more than enough for a first time session. Will see you next week. By
the way, you may take that peek now. You have my blessings.
******************
1. He is reading. : |
2. He is laughing there. : |
3. The boy is going to school. : |
4. Ram is going to the village. : |
5. The king is going elsewhere. : |
6. Where is the boy laughing? : ?
7. Ram and Ishwar are studying. : : :|
8. Ram is namaskaaring Ishwar. : |
9. The two are reading here. :|
10. Two boys are laughing. :|
11. Two men are going to the village. : |
12. Two boys are going to school. : |
13. All the boys are laughing. : |
14. All the men are going to the village. : |
15. All the boys are namaskaaring Ram. : |
16. Ram is namaskaaring all the boys. : |
Corrected sentences.
1. : : | : |
2. : | |
3. | :|
4. | |
5. : | : |
6. : | : |
7. : : | : |
8. | |
9. | |
How was the goin' ?
Summing up Month 1.