Carabeo V Dingco

G.R. No.
190823 April 4, 2011
DOMINGO CARABEO, Petitioner,

vs.
SPOUSES NORBERTO and SUSAN DINGCO, Respondents.
DECISION
CARPIO MORALES, J.:
On July 10, 1990, Domingo Carabeo (petitioner) entered into a contract

denominated as "Kasunduan sa Bilihan ng Karapatan sa Lupa"1 (kasunduan)
with Spouses Norberto and Susan Dingco (respondents) whereby petitioner
agreed to sell his rights over a 648 square meter parcel of unregistered land
situated in Purok III, Tugatog, Orani, Bataan to respondents for P38,000.
Respondents tendered their initial payment of P10,000 upon signing of the

contract, the remaining balance to be paid on September 1990.
Respondents were later to claim that when they were about to hand in the
balance of the purchase price, petitioner requested them to keep it first as he
was yet to settle an on-going "squabble" over the land.
Nevertheless, respondents gave petitioner small sums of money from time to

time which totaled P9,100, on petitioners request according to them; due to
respondents inability to pay the amount of the remaining balance in full,
according to petitioner.
By respondents claim, despite the alleged problem over the land, they insisted
on petitioners acceptance of the remaining balance of P18,900 but petitioner
remained firm in his refusal, proffering as reason therefor that he would register
the land first.
Sometime in 1994, respondents learned that the alleged problem over the land
had been settled and that petitioner had caused its registration in his name on
December 21, 1993 under Transfer Certificate of Title No. 161806. They thereupon
offered to pay the balance but petitioner declined, drawing them to file a
complaint before the Katarungan Pambarangay. No settlement was reached,
however, hence, respondent filed a complaint for specific performance before
the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Balanga, Bataan.
Petitioner countered in his Answer to the Complaint that the sale was void for
lack of object certain, the kasunduan not having specified the metes and
bounds of the land. In any event, petitioner alleged that if the validity of the
kasunduan is upheld, respondents failure to comply with their reciprocal
obligation to pay the balance of the purchase price would render the action
premature. For, contrary to respondents claim, petitioner maintained that they
failed to pay the balance of P28,000 on September 1990 to thus constrain him to
accept installment payments totaling P9,100.
After the case was submitted for decision or on January 31, 2001,2 petitioner
passed away. The records do not show that petitioners counsel informed
Branch 1 of the Bataan RTC, where the complaint was lodged, of his death and
that proper substitution was effected in accordance with Section 16, Rule 3,
Rules of Court.3
By Decision of February 25, 2001,4 the trial court ruled in favor of respondents,
disposing as follows:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, judgment is hereby rendered ordering:
1. The defendant to sell his right over 648 square meters of land pursuant to the
contract dated July 10, 1990 by executing a Deed of Sale thereof after the
payment of P18,900 by the plaintiffs;
2. The defendant to pay the costs of the suit.
SO ORDERED.5
Petitioners counsel filed a Notice of Appeal on March 20, 2001.
By the herein challenged Decision dated July 20, 2009,6 the Court of Appeals
affirmed that of the trial court.
Petitioners motion for reconsideration having been denied by Resolution of

January 8, 2010, the present petition for review was filed by Antonio Carabeo,
petitioners son,7 faulting the appellate court:
(A)
in holding that the element of a contract, i.e., an object certain is present in

this case.
(B)
in considering it unfair to expect respondents who are not lawyers to make

judicial consignation after herein petitioner allegedly refused to accept
payment of the balance of the purchase price.
(C)
in upholding the validity of the contract, "Kasunduan sa Bilihan ng Karapatan

sa Lupa," despite the lack of spousal consent, (underscoring supplied)
and proffering that
(D)
[t]he death of herein petitioner causes the dismissal of the action filed by
respondents; respondents cause of action being an action in personam.
(underscoring supplied)
The petition fails.
The pertinent portion of the kasunduan reads:8
xxxx
Na ako ay may isang partial na lupa na matatagpuan sa Purok 111, Tugatog,

Orani Bataan, na may sukat na 27 x 24 metro kuwadrado, ang nasabing lupa
ay may sakop na dalawang punong santol at isang punong mangga, kayat
ako ay nakipagkasundo sa mag-asawang Norby Dingco at Susan Dingco na
ipagbili sa kanila ang karapatan ng nasabing lupa sa halagang P38,000.00.
x x x x (underscoring supplied)
That the kasunduan did not specify the technical boundaries of the property did
not render the sale a nullity. The requirement that a sale must have for its object
a determinate thing is satisfied as long as, at the time the contract is entered
into, the object of the sale is capable of being made determinate without the
necessity of a new or further agreement between the parties.9 As the above-
quoted portion of the kasunduan shows, there is no doubt that the object of the
sale is determinate.
Clutching at straws, petitioner proffers lack of spousal consent. This was raised
only on appeal, hence, will not be considered, in the present case, in the
interest of fair play, justice and due process.10
Respecting the argument that petitioners death rendered respondents

complaint against him dismissible, Bonilla v. Barcena11 enlightens:
The question as to whether an action survives or not depends on the nature of

the action and the damage sued for. In the causes of action which survive, the
wrong complained [of] affects primarily and principally property and property
rights, the injuries to the person being merely incidental, while in the causes of
action which do not survive, the injury complained of is to the person, the
property and rights of property affected being incidental. (emphasis and
underscoring supplied)
In the present case, respondents are pursuing a property right arising from the
kasunduan, whereas petitioner is invoking nullity of the kasunduan to protect his
proprietary interest. Assuming arguendo, however, that the kasunduan is
deemed void, there is a corollary obligation of petitioner to return the money
paid by respondents, and since the action involves property rights,12 it
survives.1avvphi1
It bears noting that trial on the merits was already concluded before petitioner
died. Since the trial court was not informed of petitioners death, it may not be
faulted for proceeding to render judgment without ordering his substitution. Its
judgment is thus valid and binding upon petitioners legal representatives or
successors-in-interest, insofar as his interest in the property subject of the action is
concerned.13
In another vein, the death of a client immediately divests the counsel of

authority.14 Thus, in filing a Notice of Appeal, petitioners counsel of record had
no personality to act on behalf of the already deceased client who, it bears
reiteration, had not been substituted as a party after his death. The trial courts
decision had thereby become final and executory, no appeal having been
perfected.
WHEREFORE, the petition is DENIED.
SO ORDERED.
CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES

Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
ANTONIO T. CARPIO*
Associate Justice ARTURO D. BRION
Associate Justice
LUCAS P. BERSAMIN
Associate Justice MARIA LOURDES P. A. SERENO
Associate Justice
ATTESTATION
I attest that the conclusions in the above Decision had been reached in
consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the
Courts Division.
CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES

Associate Justice
Chairperson
CERTIFICATION
Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution, and the Division
Chairpersons Attestation, I certify that the conclusions in the above decision
had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of
the opinion of the Courts Division.
RENATO C. CORONA
Chief Justice
Footnotes
* Designated member per Raffle dated March 10, 2010.
1 Records, p. 6.
2 Petitioners Death Certificate is appended as Annex "M" to the petition for

review, rollo, p. 105
3 Section 16. Death of party; duty of counsel. Whenever a party to a pending

action dies, and the claim is not thereby extinguished, it shall be the duty of his
counsel to inform the court within thirty (30) days after such death of the fact
thereof, and to give the name and address of his legal representative or
representatives. Failure of counsel to comply with his duty shall be a ground for
disciplinary action.
The heirs of the deceased may be allowed to be substituted for the deceased,
without requiring the appointment of an executor or administrator and the court
may appoint a guardian ad litem for the minor heirs.
The court shall forthwith order said legal representative or representatives to

appear and be substituted within a period of thirty (30) days from notice.
If no legal representative is named by the counsel for the deceased party, or if
the one so named shall fail to appear within the specified period, the court may
order the opposing party, within a specified time to procure the appointment of
an executor or administrator for the estate of the deceased and the latter shall
immediately appear for and on behalf of the deceased. The court charges in
procuring such appointment, if defrayed by the opposing party, may be
recovered as costs. (16a, 17a)
4 Rollo, pp. 71-79.
5 Id. at 78-79.
6 Penned by Associate Justice Jose C. Reyes, with the concurrence of Associate

Justices Martin S. Villarama, Jr. (now Supreme Court Associate Justice) and
Normandie B. Pizzaro, id. at 28-36.
7 Rositas Death Certificate appended to the petition for review as Annex "M-1",
id. at 106.
8 Heirs of Romana Ingjug-Tiro, et. al., v. Spouses Casal, et.al., G.R. No. 134718,
August 20, 2001.
9 Civil Code, Article 1460.
10 Philippine Commercial and International Bank v. Custodio, G.R. No. 173207,

February 14, 2008, 545 SCRA 367.
11 G.R. No. L-41715, June 18, 1976.
12 Sumaljag v. Spouses Literato, et.al., G.R. No. 149787, June 18, 2008.
13 Saligumba et.al., v. Palanog, G.R. No. 143365, December 4, 2008.
14 Active Realty and Development Corporation v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 157186,

October 19, 2007.

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G.R. No.

190823 April 4, 2011

DOMINGO CARABEO, Petitioner,

CARPIO MORALES, J.:

On July 10, 1990, Domingo Carabeo (petitioner) entered into a contract

Respondents tendered their initial payment of P10,000 upon signing of the

Nevertheless, respondents gave petitioner small sums of money from time to

WHEREFORE, premises considered, judgment is hereby rendered ordering:

Petitioners counsel filed a Notice of Appeal on March 20, 2001.

Petitioners motion for reconsideration having been denied by Resolution of

in holding that the element of a contract, i.e., an object certain is present in

in considering it unfair to expect respondents who are not lawyers to make

in upholding the validity of the contract, "Kasunduan sa Bilihan ng Karapatan

The petition fails.

The pertinent portion of the kasunduan reads:8

Na ako ay may isang partial na lupa na matatagpuan sa Purok 111, Tugatog,

Respecting the argument that petitioners death rendered respondents

The question as to whether an action survives or not depends on the nature of

In another vein, the death of a client immediately divests the counsel of

CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES

CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES

* Designated member per Raffle dated March 10, 2010.

2 Petitioners Death Certificate is appended as Annex "M" to the petition for

3 Section 16. Death of party; duty of counsel. Whenever a party to a pending

The court shall forthwith order said legal representative or representatives to

4 Rollo, pp. 71-79.

6 Penned by Associate Justice Jose C. Reyes, with the concurrence of Associate

9 Civil Code, Article 1460.

10 Philippine Commercial and International Bank v. Custodio, G.R. No. 173207,

11 G.R. No. L-41715, June 18, 1976.

14 Active Realty and Development Corporation v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 157186,

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