Charactiristics and Classification of Living Organism
Charactiristics and Classification of Living Organism
Charactiristics and Classification of Living Organism
B
A
C D E
F
G
not drawn to scale
Fig. 1.1
Key
(b) The pattern of the veins on the leaves was used in the key to separate the monocotyledonous
crop plants and eudicotyledonous (dicotyledonous) crop plants shown in Fig. 1.1.
State one other feature that could be used to identify monocotyledonous plants from
eudicotyledonous plants.
................ [1]
..............................................................................................................................
A B C
D E
Fig. 1.1
Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to E) in the correct
box beside the key.
Key
A B
C D
E F
Fig. 1.1
Key
body not long and narrow, back legs are larger than
(b) go to 5
the front legs
(b) body with legs which are all of the same size go to 3
3 (a) raised crest along the back of the body Triturus cristatus
Oreophrynella
(b) skin is not smooth
quelchii
Polypedates
6 (a) digits end in swellings
leucomystax
[3]
GRUVDOILQ
FDXGDOILQ
XSSHU
PDQGLEOH
ORZHU
DQDOILQ PDQGLEOH
SHOYLFILQ SHFWRUDOILQ
Fig 4.1
A B
Haplochromis nyererei Protopterus dolloi
C D
Salmo trutta Polyodon spathula
not drawn to the same scale
Fig. 4.2
Describe one visible feature of each species of fish A, B, C and D, that could be used to distinguish
it from the other three species in Fig. 4.2.
Only use descriptions of the features labelled in Fig. 4.1 in your answers.
Table 4.1
[4]
Fig. 5.1
(a) List two features that distinguish bacteria from other groups of organisms.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................... [2]
Fig. 5.1
X ........................................................................................................................................
Y ....................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State three ways in which the structure of bacteria differs from the structure of viruses.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
3 ............................................................................................................................. ........[3]
Fig. 5.1
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
6 Myriapods are a group of arthropods that are commonly found in soil habitats in many parts of the
world. Many myriapods are very small and not easy to identify.
Fig. 6.1 shows four species of myriapod, not drawn to the same scale.
Fig. 6.1
(a) State three features of all myriapods that are visible in Fig. 6.1.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ...............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Describe three features of myriapods that could be used to make a dichotomous key to
distinguish between the four species in Fig. 6.1.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ...............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(c) Mitochondria are cell structures that contain a small quantity of DNA.
Scientists are sequencing the DNA of one particular gene in mitochondria to help identify
different species of many animals including myriapods. The sequences that they find are
called barcodes.
(i) State the part of the cell that contains most of the DNA.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Suggest how DNA barcoding might be useful in the conservation of animals, such as
myriapods.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
1 Fungi were often classified as different species according to their visible reproductive structures.
Penicillium dodgei and Eupenicillium brefeldianum were classified as different species because
they had different types of spores.
However, recently it was recognised that the spores of P. dodgei were asexual spores, while those
of E. brefeldianum were sexual spores. A comparison of the DNA of these two fungi shows that
they are the same species.
This fungus is now known as Penicillium brefeldianum.
(a) State how DNA analysis can show that P. dodgei and E. brefeldianum are the same species.
.............................................................................................................................. .....................
.............................................................................................................................. .....................
.............................................................................................................................. .................[2]
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
..............................................................................................................................